{"id":11811,"date":"2024-11-20T19:22:22","date_gmt":"2024-11-20T11:22:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/?p=11811"},"modified":"2024-11-20T19:24:58","modified_gmt":"2024-11-20T11:24:58","slug":"%e9%ab%98%e4%b8%ad%e5%8c%96%e5%ad%a6%e6%80%bb%e5%a4%8d%e4%b9%a0%e8%b5%84%e6%96%99%e5%a4%a7%e5%85%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/?p=11811","title":{"rendered":"\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u603b\u590d\u4e60\u8d44\u6599\u5927\u5168"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u603b\u590d\u4e60\u8d44\u6599\u5927\u5168 <\/b><b>&#8211; <\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u89c4\u5f8b\u5927\u5168<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u795d\u5929\u4e0b\u5b66\u5b50\u90fd\u80fd\u5b66\u6709\u6240\u6210<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u53ca\u5176\u80fd\u91cf\u53d8\u5316<\/p>\n<p>1 \uff0e\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94 ] \u6709\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb ( \u5305\u62ec\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u5f97\u5931\u548c\u5171\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u7684\u504f\u79fb ) \u6216\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u5408\u4ef7\u5347\u964d\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u5982 2Na+ C12 \uff1d 2NaCl( \u6709\u7535\u5b50\u5f97\u5931 ) \u3001 H2+ C12 \uff1d 2HCl( \u6709\u7535\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u504f\u79fb ) \u7b49\u53cd\u5e94\u5747\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb ( \u7535\u5b50\u5f97\u5931\u6216\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u504f\u79fb ) \u3002<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7279\u5f81 ] \u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u524d\u540e\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0e\u6839\u636e\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u7279\u5f81\u53ef\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u67d0\u4e00\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5408\u4ef7<\/p>\n<p>\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u4e3a\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a\u975e\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6c27\u5316\u5242\u4e0e\u8fd8\u539f\u5242 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u6982 \u5ff5 \u542b \u4e49 \u6982 \u5ff5 \u542b \u4e49<\/p>\n<p>\u6c27\u5316\u5242 \u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u6240\u542b\u5143\u7d20\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u7269 \u8fd8\u539f\u5242 \u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u6240\u542b\u5143\u7d20\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u5347\u9ad8<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u7269<\/p>\n<p>\u88ab\u6c27\u5316 \u8fd8\u539f\u5242\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u5347\u9ad8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b \u88ab\u8fd8\u539f \u6c27\u5316\u5242\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u964d\u4f4e\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>\u6c27\u5316\u6027 \u6c27\u5316\u5242\u5177\u6709\u7684\u593a\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u529b \u8fd8\u539f\u6027 \u8fd8\u539f\u5242\u5177\u6709\u7684\u5931\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n<p>\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94 \u5143\u7d20\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u5347\u9ad8\u7684\u53cd\u5e94 \u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94 \u5143\u7d20\u5728\u53cd \u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u5408\u4ef7\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u6c27\u5316\u4ea7\u7269 \u8fd8\u539f\u5242\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u5347\u9ad8\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4ea7\u7269 \u8fd8\u539f\u4ea7\u7269 \u6c27\u5316\u5242\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u5408\u4ef7\u964d\u4f4e\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4ea7\u7269<\/p>\n<p>\u6c27\u5316\u5242\u4e0e\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u5242\u548c\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\uff1a(1) \u6240\u542b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u5904\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u4ef7\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u53ea\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u53ea\u5177\u6709\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u6c27<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5242 ( \u6ce8\uff1a\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u5242 ) \u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u5242\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u6d3b\u6cfc\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28\uff0c\u5982 X2( \u5364\u7d20\u5355\u8d28 ) \u3001 O2 \u3001 O3 \u7b49\u3002\u2461\u6240\u542b\u5143\u7d20\u5904\u4e8e\u9ad8\u4ef7\u6216\u8f83<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u4ef7\u65f6\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u5982 MnO2 \u3001 NO2 \u3001 PbO2 \u7b49\u3002\u2462\u6240\u542b\u5143\u7d20\u5904\u4e8e\u9ad8\u4ef7\u65f6\u7684\u542b\u6c27\u9178\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u6d53 H2SO4 \u3001 HNO3 \u7b49\uff0e\u2463\u6240\u542b\u5143\u7d20\u5904\u4e8e\u9ad8\u4ef7\u65f6\u7684\u76d0\uff0c\u5982 KMnO4 \u3001 KClO3 \u3001<\/p>\n<p>K2Cr2O7 \u7b49\uff0e\u2464\u91d1\u5c5e\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u7b49\uff0c\u5982 Fe3 \uff0b\u3001 Cu2 \uff0b\u3001 Ag \uff0b\u3001 H \uff0b\u7b49\uff0e\u2465\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\uff0c\u5982 Na2O2 \u3001 H2O2 \u7b49\uff0e\u2466\u7279\u6b8a\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5982 HClO \u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u6240\u542b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u5904\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u4ef7\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u53ea\u80fd\u5931\u53bb\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u53ea\u5177\u6709\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u8fd8<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u5242 ( \u6ce8\uff1a\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u5242 ) \uff0e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28\uff0c\u5982 Na \u3001 K \u3001 Ca \u3001 Mg \u3001 Al \u3001 Fe \u7b49\uff0e\u2461\u67d0\u4e9b\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28\uff0c\u5982<\/p>\n<p>C \u3001 H2 \u3001 Si \u7b49\uff0e\u2462\u6240\u542b\u5143\u7d20\u5904\u4e8e\u4f4e\u4ef7\u6216\u8f83\u4f4e\u4ef7\u65f6\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u5982 CO \u3001 SO2 \u7b49\uff0e\u2463<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u542b\u5143\u7d20\u5904\u4e8e\u4f4e\u4ef7\u6216\u8f83\u4f4e\u4ef7\u65f6\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u542b\u6709\u3001\u3001\u3001\u3001\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269 H2S \u3001 Na2S \u3001<\/p>\n<p>H2SO3 \u3001 Na2SO3 \u3001 HI \u3001 HBr \u3001 FeSO4 \u3001 NH3 \u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u5f53\u6240\u542b\u5143\u7d20\u5904\u4e8e\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef7\u6001\u65f6\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u65e2\u6709\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u53c8\u6709\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff0c\u5982 H2O2 \u3001 SO2 \u3001<\/p>\n<p>Fe2 \uff0b\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u5f53\u4e00\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u65e2\u542b\u6709\u9ad8\u4ef7\u6001\u5143\u7d20\u53c8\u542b\u6709\u4f4e\u4ef7\u6001\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u7269\u8d28\u65e2\u6709\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u53c8\u6709<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u76d0\u9178 (HCl) \u4e0e Zn \u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u4f5c\u6c27\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u800c\u6d53\u76d0\u9178\u4e0e MnO2 \u5171\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5219\u4f5c\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5206\u7c7b ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u4e0d\u540c\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u95f4\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u4e0d\u540c\u5143\u7d20\u95f4\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a MnO2+ 4HCl( \u6d53 ) MnCl2+ C12 \u2191 + 2H2O \u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u540c\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u95f4\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a 2H2S+ SO2 \uff1d 3S+ 2H2O KClO3+ 6HCl( \u6d53 ) \uff1d KCl+ 3C12 \u2191 + 3H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u6c27\u5316\u4ea7\u7269\u548c\u8fd8\u539f\u4ea7\u7269\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u53c8\u53eb\u5f52\u4e2d<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u540c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u540c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5143\u7d20\u95f4\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a 2KClO32KCl+ 3O2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u540c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u540c\u4ef7\u6001\u95f4\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a NH4NO3N2O \u2191 +<\/p>\n<p>2H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u540c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u540c\u4e00\u4ef7\u6001\u95f4\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aC12+ 2NaOH \uff1d NaCl+ NaClO+ H2O 3NO2+ H2O \uff1d 2HNO3+ NO<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c\u67d0\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5347\u9ad8\u4e86\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\uff0e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6c27\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u53c8\u53eb\u6b67\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0e\u56db\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u53cd\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb ] \u5982\u53f3\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0e\u7531\u56fe\u53ef\u77e5\uff1a\u7f6e\u6362\u53cd\u5e94\u90fd<\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b\u590d\u5206\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5316\u5408\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u5206\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f<\/p>\n<p>\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u6570\u76ee\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u5355\u7ebf\u6865\u6cd5\uff0e\u8868\u793a\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u91cc\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5b50\u95f4\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u548c\u65b9\u5411\uff0e\u7528<\/p>\n<p>\u5e26\u7bad\u5934\u7684\u8fde\u7ebf\u4ece\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u5347\u9ad8\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u518d\u5728\u8fde\u7ebf\u4e0a\u65b9\u6807<\/p>\n<p>\u51fa\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u6570\u76ee\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5355\u7ebf\u6865\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7bad\u5934\u7684\u6307\u5411\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u5728\u7ebf\u6865\u4e0a\u5199<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5f97\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5931\u201d\u5b57\u6837\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u53cc\u7ebf\u6865\u6cd5\uff0e\u8868\u793a\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u4e0e\u751f\u6210\u7269\u91cc\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5b50\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u524d\u540e\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u76ee\u548c\u65b9\u5411\uff0e\u5728\u6c27\u5316\u5242\u4e0e\u8fd8\u539f\u4ea7\u7269\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\u4e0e\u6c27\u5316\u4ea7\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u5206\u522b\u7528\u5e26\u7bad\u5934\u7684\u8fde\u7ebf\u4ece\u53cd<\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u524d\u7684\u6709\u5173\u5143\u7d20\u6307\u5411\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u7684\u8be5\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e24\u6761\u7ebf\u7684\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u65b9\u5206\u522b\u5199\u51fa\u201c\u5f97\u201d\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5931\u201d\u7535\u5b50\u53ca\u6570\u76ee\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6709\u5173\u89c4\u5f8b ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u6c27\u5316\u6027\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u5f3a\u5f31\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5f97\u5931\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u96be\u6613\uff1b\u800c\u4e0e\u5f97\u5931\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u65e0\u5173\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u91d1\u5c5e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6027\u987a\u5e8f\u8868\uff0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28 ( \u539f\u5b50 ) \u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u6027 \u4e5f\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u5176\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u8d8a\u5f31\uff0e\u5982\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff1a Mg&gt;Fe&gt;Cu&gt;Ag \uff1b\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff1a Ag \uff0b &gt;Cu2<\/p>\n<p>\uff0b &gt;Fe2 \uff0b &gt;Mg2 \uff0b<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u540c\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4ef7\u6001\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\uff1b\u6c2f\u7684\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u987a\u5e8f\u4e3a\uff1a HClO&gt;HClO3&gt;HClO4 \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2467\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0e\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u603b\u662f\u671d\u7740\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e<\/p>\n<p>\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u5f31\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u5f31\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8fdb\u884c\uff0e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u6c27<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c27\u5316\u5242\u548c\u6c27\u5316\u4ea7\u7269\u90fd\u6709\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\u548c\u8fd8\u539f\u4ea7\u7269\u90fd\u6709\u8fd8\u539f<\/p>\n<p>\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff1a\u6c27\u5316\u5242\uff1e\u6c27\u5316\u4ea7\u7269\uff1b \u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff1a\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\uff1e\u8fd8\u539f\u4ea7\u7269<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u67d0\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u80fd\u5426\u81ea<\/p>\n<p>\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\uff0e\u2463\u53cd\u5e94\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u96be\u6613\uff0e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u5242 ( \u8fd8\u539f\u5242 ) \u4e0e\u540c\u4e00\u8fd8\u539f\u5242 ( \u6c27\u5316\u5242 ) \u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u53cd<\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u8d8a\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u5242 ( \u8fd8\u539f\u5242 ) \u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6027 ( \u8fd8\u539f\u6027 ) \u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u8d8a\u5f31\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2464\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0e\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u6c27\u5316\u5242 ( \u6216\u8fd8\u539f\u5242 ) \uff0c\u5176\u6d53\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u6c27\u5316\u6027 ( \u6216\u8fd8\u539f\u6027 ) \u5c31\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2465 H \uff0b\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u82e5\u6c27\u5316\u5242\u4e3a\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u6216\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u76d0\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5219\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d H \uff0b\u6d53\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u5c31\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u4e00\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u4ef7\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u4ef7\u6001\u65f6\u53ea\u5177\u6709\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u6700\u4f4e\u4ef7\u6001\u65f6\u53ea<\/p>\n<p>\u5177\u6709\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef7\u6001\u65f6\u5219\u65e2\u6709\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff0e\u4f46\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u82e5\u4e00\u79cd\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u542b\u6700\u9ad8\u4ef7\u6001\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u6700\u4f4e\u4ef7\u6001\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5316\u5408\u7269\u517c\u6709\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u548c\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5982 HCl \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u4ef7\u6001\u4e0d\u76f8\u4ea4\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0e\u540c\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u540c\u4ef7\u6001\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u4e24\u79cd\u4ef7\u6001\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u65f6\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u5347\u9ad8\u4e0e\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u503c\u4e0d\u76f8\u4ea4\uff0c\u5373\u9ad8\u4ef7\u6001\u964d\u4f4e\u540e\u7684\u503c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4f4e\u4ef7\u6001\u5347\u9ad8<\/p>\n<p>\u540e\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u201c\u4ef7\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u53ea\u9760\u62e2\u3001\u4e0d\u76f8\u4ea4\u201d\uff0e\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u540c\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u90bb\u4ef7\u6001\u95f4\u4e0d<\/p>\n<p>\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b\u540c\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u95f4\u9694\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef7\u6001\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u5f52\u4e2d\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u89c4\u5f8b\uff1a\u5f53\u4e00\u79cd\u6c27\u5316\u5242 ( \u8fd8\u539f\u5242 ) \u540c\u65f6\u4e0e\u591a\u79cd\u8fd8\u539f\u5242 ( \u6c27<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5242 ) \u76f8\u9047\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u6c27\u5316\u5242 ( \u8fd8\u539f\u5242 ) \u9996\u5148\u4e0e\u8fd8\u539f\u6027 ( \u6c27\u5316\u6027 ) \u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u8fd8\u539f\u6027 ( \u6c27\u5316\u6027 ) \u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u53cd\u5e94\u5b8c\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u4f9d\u6b21\u662f\u8fd8\u539f\u6027 ( \u6c27\u5316\u6027 ) \u8f83\u5f31<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u7535\u5b50\u5b88\u6052\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0e\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c27\u5316\u5242\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u603b\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\u5931<\/p>\n<p>\u53bb\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u603b\u6570 ( \u5373\u6c27\u5316\u5242\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u5347\u9ad8\u7684\u603b\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u603b\u6570 ) \uff0e\u8fd9\u4e00<\/p>\n<p>\u70b9\u4e5f\u662f\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u914d\u5e73\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2 \uff0e\u79bb\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>[ \u79bb\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94 ] \u6709\u79bb\u5b50\u53c2\u52a0\u6216\u6709\u79bb\u5b50\u751f\u6210\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u90fd\u79f0\u4e3a\u79bb\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u79bb\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u79bb\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u4e2d\u67d0\u79cd\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u79bb\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\u578b\u53ca\u5176\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u79bb\u5b50\u4e92\u6362 ( \u590d\u5206\u89e3 ) \u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u5177\u5907\u4e0b\u5217\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u53cd\u5e94\u671d\u7740\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u51cf\u5c0f\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u65b9\u5411\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5373\u79bb\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>a \uff0e\u751f\u6210\u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0e\u5982\uff1a Cu2 \uff0b + 2OH \uff0d\uff1d Cu(OH)2 \u2193<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5f53\u6709\u5173\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u5fae\u6eb6\u7269\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94\u4e5f\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\uff0e\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2Ag \uff0b + SO42 \u2014\uff1d Ag2SO4 \u2193 Ca2 \uff0b + 2OH \uff0d\uff1d Ca(OH)2 \u2193\u6216\u8005\u7531\u5fae\u6eb6\u7269\u751f\u6210\u96be\u6eb6\u7269\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u4e5f\u80fd\u751f\u6210\uff0e\u5982\u5f53\u77f3\u7070\u4e73\u4e0e Na2CO3 \u6eb6\u6db2\u6df7\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Ca(OH)2 + CO32 \u2014\uff1d CaCO3 \u2193 + 2OH \uff0d<\/p>\n<p>b \uff0e\u751f\u6210\u96be\u7535\u79bb\u7684\u7269\u8d28 ( \u5373\u5f31\u7535\u89e3\u8d28 ) \uff0e\u5982\uff1a H \uff0b + OH \uff0d\uff1d H2O H \uff0b + CH3COO<\/p>\n<p>\uff0d\uff1d CH3COOH<\/p>\n<p>c \uff0e\u751f\u6210\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u7269\u8d28 ( \u5373\u6c14\u4f53 ) \uff0e\u5982\uff1a CO32 \uff0d + 2H \uff0b\uff1d CO2 \u2191 + H2O NH4 \uff0b + OH<\/p>\n<p>\uff0d NH3 \u2191 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u79bb\u5b50\u95f4\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u7531\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u5242\u4e0e\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u5f31\u6c27\u5316\u5242\u548c\u5f31\u8fd8\u539f<\/p>\n<p>\u5242\uff0c\u5373\u53cd\u5e94\u671d\u7740\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u51cf\u5f31\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8fdb\u884c\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Fe + Cu2 \uff0b\uff1d Fe2 \uff0b + Cu Cl2 + 2Br \uff0d\uff1d 2C1 \uff0d + Br2<\/p>\n<p>2MnO4 \uff0d + 16H \uff0b + 10C1 \uff0d\uff1d 2Mn2 \uff0b + 5C12 \u2191 + 8H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u4e66\u5199\u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u65f6\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u5728\u975e\u7535\u79bb\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b ( \u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6216\u7194\u878d\u72b6\u6001 ) \uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u79bb\u5b50\u53c2\u52a0\u53cd<\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u5199\u6210\u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79bb\u5b50\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u7535\u79bb\uff0e\u5982 NH4Cl \u56fa\u4f53<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e Ca(OH)2 \u56fa\u4f53\u6df7\u5408\u52a0\u70ed\u5236\u53d6\u6c28\u6c14\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u6d53 H2SO4 \u4e0e\u56fa\u4f53 ( \u5982 NaCl \u3001 Cu \u7b49 )<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5199\u6210\u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0e\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5176\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u4e0d<\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6216\u5f3a\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u79bb\u5b50\u53c2\u52a0\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u4ecd\u53ef\u5199\u6210\u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0e\u5982 Na \u3001 Na2O \u3001 Na2O2 \u3001 SO3 \u3001 Cl2 \u7b49\u4e0e H2O \u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u591a\u5143\u5f31\u9178\u7684\u9178\u5f0f\u76d0\uff0c\u82e5\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u5219\u6210\u76d0\u7684\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u9178\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u53ef\u62c6\u5f00\u5199\u6210\u79bb\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u9178\u6839\u4e2d\u7684 H \uff0b\u4e0e\u6b63\u76d0\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u4e0d\u80fd\u62c6\u5f00\u5199\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982 NaHS \u3001 Ca(HCO3)2 \u7b49\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u80fd\u5206\u522b\u5199\u6210 Na \uff0b\u3001 HS \uff0d\u548c Ca2 \uff0b\u3001 HCO3 \uff0d\u7b49\u9178\u5f0f\u9178\u6839\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5fae\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u5f53\u4f5c\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u65f6\uff1f\uff0c\u5fae\u6eb6\u7269\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u62c6\u5f00\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5f53\u4f5c\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u82e5\u4e3a\u6f84\u6e05\u7684\u7a00\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u5e94\u6539\u5199\u4e3a\u79bb\u5b50\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u6f84\u6e05\u77f3\u7070\u6c34\u7b49\uff1b\u82e5<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u6d4a\u6db2\u6216\u56fa\u4f53\uff0c\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u62c6\u5f00\uff0c\u5982\u77f3\u7070\u4e73\u3001\u719f\u77f3\u7070\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u82e5\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7531\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u4e4b\u6bd4\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5373\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u53d1\u751f<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u8003\u8651\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u4e4b\u6bd4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e5f\u4e0d<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5411 NaOH \u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u901a\u5165 CO2 \u6c14\u4f53\u81f3\u8fc7\u91cf\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f9d<\/p>\n<p>\u6b21\u4e3a\uff1a CO2+ 2OH \u2014\uff1d CO32 \u2014 + H2O \uff08 CO2 \u9002\u91cf\uff09<\/p>\n<p>CO2+ OH \u2014\uff1d HCO3 \u2014\uff08 CO2 \u8db3\u91cf\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u79bb\u5b50\u80fd\u5426\u5927\u91cf\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a \u51e0\u79cd\u79bb\u5b50\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u80fd\u5426\u5927\u91cf\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u770b\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u82e5\u79bb\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>\u95f4\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5927\u91cf\u5171\u5b58\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5927\u91cf\u5171\u5b58\uff0e\u79bb\u5b50\u95f4\u82e5\u53d1\u751f\u4e0b\u5217\u53cd\u5e94\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5927\u91cf\u5171\u5b58\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u751f\u6210\u96be\u6eb6\u7269\u6216\u5fae\u6eb6\u7269\uff0e\u5982 Ca2 \uff0b\u4e0e CO32 \uff0d\u3001 SO42 \uff0d\u3001 OH \uff0d\uff1b Ag \uff0b\u4e0e C1 \uff0d\u3001<\/p>\n<p>Br \uff0d\u3001 I \uff0d\u3001 SO32 \uff0d\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u751f\u6210\u6c14\u4f53\uff0e\u5982 NH4 \uff0b\u4e0e OH \uff0d\uff1b H \uff0b\u4e0e HCO3 \uff0d\u3001 CO32 \uff0d\u3001 S2 \uff0d\u3001 HS \uff0d\u3001<\/p>\n<p>SO32 \uff0d\u3001 HSO3 \uff0d\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u751f\u6210\u96be\u7535\u79bb\u7269\u8d28 ( \u5f31\u9178\u3001\u5f31\u78b1\u3001\u6c34 ) \uff0e\u5982 H \uff0b\u4e0e C1O \uff0d\u3001 F \uff0d\u3001 CH3COO \uff0d\u751f<\/p>\n<p>\u6210\u5f31\u9178\uff1b OH \uff0d\u4e0e NH4 \uff0b\u3001<\/p>\n<p>A13 \uff0b\u3001 Fe3 \uff0b\u3001 Fe2 \uff0b\u3001 Cu2 \uff0b\u7b49\u751f\u6210\u5f31\u78b1\uff1b H \uff0b\u4e0e OH \uff0d\u751f\u6210 H2O \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u53d1\u751f\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u5177\u6709\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u7684\u79bb\u5b50 ( \u5982 MnO4 \uff0d\u3001 ClO \uff0d\u3001 Fe3 \uff0b\u7b49 ) \u4e0e<\/p>\n<p>\u5177\u6709\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u7684\u79bb\u5b50 ( \u5982 S2 \uff0d\u3001 I \uff0d\u3001 SO32 \uff0d\u3001 Fe2 \uff0b\u7b49 ) \u4e0d\u80fd\u5171\u5b58\uff0e\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u79bb\u5b50\u5728\u78b1\u6027\u6216\u4e2d\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u53ef\u5927\u91cf\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9178\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u5927\u91cf\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u5982<\/p>\n<p>SO32 \uff0d\u4e0e S2 \uff0d\uff0c NO3 \uff0d\u4e0e I \uff0d\u3001 S2 \uff0d\u3001 SO32 \uff0d\u3001 Fe2 \uff0b\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>*(5) \u5f62\u6210\u914d\u5408\u7269\uff0e\u5982 Fe3 \uff0b\u4e0e SCN \uff0d\u56e0\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210 Fe(SCN)3 \u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5927\u91cf\u5171\u5b58\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>*(6) \u5f31\u9178\u6839\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u4e0e\u5f31\u78b1\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u56e0\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u53cc\u6c34\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5927\u91cf\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Al3 \uff0b<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e HCO3 \uff0d\u3001 CO32 \uff0d\u3001 A1O2 \uff0d\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a \u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u5224\u65ad\u79bb\u5b50\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u80fd\u5426\u5927\u91cf\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u9898\u76ee\u4e2d\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u9650<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9a\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u65e0\u8272\u900f\u660e\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u8272\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5982 Cu2 \uff0b ( \u84dd\u8272 ) \u3001 Fe3 \uff0b ( \u9ec4\u8272 ) \u3001<\/p>\n<p>Fe2 \uff0b ( \u6d45\u7eff\u8272 ) \u3001 MnO4 \uff0d ( \u7d2b\u8272 ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5728\u5f3a\u9178\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e H \uff0b\u8d77\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u4e0d\u80fd\u5927\u91cf\u5171\u5b58\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u5728\u5f3a\u78b1\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e OH \uff0d\u8d77\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u4e0d\u80fd\u5927\u91cf\u5171\u5b58\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u4e0e\u975e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff1a\u5728\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u91cc\u6216\u8005\u7194\u878d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u80fd\u591f\u5bfc\u7535\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u53eb\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff0e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u4e0d\u4e00<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9a\u80fd\u5bfc\u7535\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u6216\u7194\u878d\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\u7535\u79bb\u51fa\u81ea\u7531\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u5bfc\u7535 ( \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u5bfc\u7535\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u79bb\u5b50 ) \uff0e\u80fd\u5bfc\u7535\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff0c\u5982\u91d1\u5c5e\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u77f3\u58a8\u7b49\u5355\u8d28\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u975e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff1a\u5728\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u91cc\u548c\u7194\u878d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bfc\u7535\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0e\u56e0\u4e3a\u975e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u5f52\u5c5e<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8e\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u6545\u5982 C12 \u7b49\u4e0d\u5bfc\u7535\u7684\u5355\u8d28\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u975e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u4e0e\u975e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u89e3\u8d28 \u975e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28 \u533a<\/p>\n<p>\u522b \u80fd\u5426\u5bfc\u7535 \u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u540e\u6216\u7194\u878d\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\u80fd\u5bfc\u7535 \u4e0d\u80fd\u5bfc\u7535<\/p>\n<p>\u80fd\u5426\u7535\u79bb \u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u6216\u53d7\u70ed\u7194\u5316\u65f6\u80fd\u7535\u79bb\u4ea7\u751f\u81ea\u7531\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u79bb\u5b50 \u4e0d\u80fd\u7535\u79bb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6ca1\u6709<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u7531\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u5c5e\u7269\u8d28 \u9178\u3001\u78b1\u3001\u76d0\u7b49 \u8517\u7cd6\u3001\u9152\u7cbe\u7b49\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u673a\u7269\uff0c\u6c14\u4f53\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5982 NH3 \u3001<\/p>\n<p>SO2 \u7b49<\/p>\n<p>\u8054\u7cfb \u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u67d0\u4e9b\u6c14\u4f53\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u5bfc\u7535\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u5e76\u975e\u8be5\u7269\u8d28\u672c\u8eab\u7535\u79bb\u751f\u6210\u4e86<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u7531\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c14\u4f53\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5c5e\u4e8e\u975e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1b\u6c28\u6c14\u80fd\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u4f46<\/p>\n<p>NH3 \u662f\u975e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff0e\u6c28\u6c34\u80fd\u5bfc\u7535\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a NH3 \u4e0e H2O \u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u80fd\u7535\u79bb\u51fa NH4 \uff0b\u548c<\/p>\n<p>OH \uff0d\u7684 NH3 \u00b7 H2O \u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 NH3 \u00b7 H2O \u624d\u662f\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5f3a\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u4e0e\u5f31\u7535\u89e3\u8d28 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u5f3a\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff1a\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u540e\u5168\u90e8\u7535\u79bb\u6210\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u5f31\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff1a\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u540e\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u5b50\u80fd\u7535\u79bb\u6210\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u5f3a\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u4e0e\u5f31\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u5f3a\u7535\u89e3\u8d28 \u5f31\u7535\u89e3\u8d28<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3\u8868\u7269\u8d28 \u2460\u5f3a\u9178\uff1a\u5982 H2SO4 \u3001 HNO3 \u3001 HCl \u7b49\u2461\u5f3a\u78b1\uff1a\u5982 KOH \u3001 NaOH \u3001<\/p>\n<p>Ba(OH)2 \u7b49\u2462\u76d0\uff1a\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53ef\u6eb6\u3001\u96be\u6eb6\u6027\u76d0\uff0c\u5982 NaCl \u3001 CaCO3 \u7b49 \u2460 H2O \u2461\u5f31<\/p>\n<p>\u9178\uff1a\u5982 CH3COOH \u3001 HF \u3001 HClO \u3001 H2CO3 \u7b49\u2462\u5f31\u78b1\uff1a NH3 \u00b7 H2O \u3001 A1(OH)3 \u3001<\/p>\n<p>Fe(OH)3 \u7b49<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u79bb\u60c5\u51b5 \u5b8c\u5168\u7535\u79bb\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7535\u79bb\u5e73\u8861 ( \u7535\u79bb\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006 ) \uff0e\u7535\u79bb\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7528\u201c\uff1d\u201d\u8868\u793a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\uff1a HNO3 \uff1d H \uff0b + NO3 \uff0d \u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7535\u79bb ( \u90e8\u5206\u7535\u79bb ) \uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7535\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\uff0e\u7535\u79bb\u65b9\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>\u5f0f\u7528\u201c\u201d\u8868\u793a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\uff1a CH3COOHCH3COO \uff0d + H \u5341<\/p>\n<p>\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5fae\u7c92 \u6c34\u5408\u79bb\u5b50 ( \u79bb\u5b50 ) \u548c H2O \u5206\u5b50 \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p>\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u7535\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u79bb\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>\u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u60c5\u51b5 \u62c6\u5f00\u4e3a\u79bb\u5b50 ( \u7279\u6b8a\uff1a\u96be\u6eb6\u6027\u76d0\u4ecd\u4ee5\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u8868\u793a ) \u5168\u90e8\u7528\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u5b66\u5f0f\u8868\u793a<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f : (1) \u5728\u542b\u6709\u9634\u3001\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u56fa\u6001\u5f3a\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6709\u9634\u3001\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b<\/p>\n<p>\u79bb\u5b50\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u5bfc\u7535\uff0e\u5982\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u56fa\u4f53\u4e0d\u5bfc\u7535\uff0e(2) \u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u5bfc\u7535\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u81ea\u7531\u79fb\u52a8\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f ( \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u4e0d<\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u79fb\u52a8\u79bb\u5b50\u6570\u76ee\u7684\u591a\u5c11 ) \uff0e\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u79bb\u5b50\u6d53\u5ea6\u5927\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u5c31\u5f3a\uff1b\u53cd<\/p>\n<p>\u4e4b\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u5c31\u5f31\uff0e\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f3a\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u5f31\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u5bfc\u7535\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a\uff0e\u4f46\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u6761\u4ef6 ( \u76f8\u540c\u6d53\u5ea6\u3001\u76f8\u540c\u6e29\u5ea6 ) \u4e0b\uff0c\u5f3a\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u5f31\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f ] \u7528\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u52a0\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u7b26\u53f7\u6765\u8868\u793a\u79bb\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5f0f\u5b50\uff0e\u6240\u8c13\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u52a0<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u524d\u540e\u6570\u76ee\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\uff0e\u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u5b9a\u7269\u8d28<\/p>\n<p>\u95f4\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u5982\uff1a H \uff0b + OH \uff0d\uff1d H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u5f3a\u9178\u4e0e\u5f3a\u78b1\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u6eb6\u6027\u76d0\u7684\u4e2d\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u6b65\u9aa4 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u201c\u5199\u201d\uff1a\u5199\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u201c\u62c6\u201d\uff1a\u5c06\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3001\u6613\u7535\u79bb\u7684\u7269\u8d28 ( \u5f3a\u9178\u3001\u5f3a\u78b1\u3001\u53ef\u6eb6\u6027\u76d0 ) \u62c6\u5f00<\/p>\n<p>\u6539\u5199\u4e3a\u79bb\u5b50\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1b\u800c\u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u7684\u7269\u8d28 ( \u96be\u6eb6\u6027\u76d0\u3001\u96be\u6eb6\u6027\u78b1 ) \u3001\u96be\u7535\u79bb\u7684\u7269\u8d28 ( \u6c34\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u5f31\u9178\u3001\u5f31\u78b1 ) \u3001\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u3001\u6c14\u4f53\u7b49\u4ecd\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u201c\u5220\u201d\uff1a\u5c06\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e24\u8fb9\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u79bb\u5b50 ( \u5305\u62ec\u4e2a\u6570 ) \u5220\u53bb\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5404\u5fae\u7c92\u7b26\u53f7\u524d\u4fdd\u6301\u6700\u7b80<\/p>\n<p>\u5355\u7684\u6574\u6570\u6bd4\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u201c\u67e5\u201d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\u548c\u7535\u8377\u603b\u6570\u662f\u5426\u5de6\u53f3\u76f8\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u590d\u5206\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b\u79bb\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u590d\u5206\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94\u603b\u662f\u671d\u7740\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u81ea\u7531\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u6570\u76ee\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8fdb\u884c\uff0e\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u751f\u6210\u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0e\u5982\uff1a Ba2 \uff0b + SO42 \uff0d\uff1d BaSO4 \u2193<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u751f\u6210\u96be\u7535\u79bb\u7684\u7269\u8d28 ( \u6c34\u3001\u5f31\u9178\u3001\u5f31\u78b1 ) \uff0e\u5982 H \uff0b + OH \uff0d\uff1d H2O<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u751f\u6210\u6c14\u4f53\uff0e\u5982\uff1a CO32 \uff0d + 2H \uff0b\uff1d CO2 \u2191 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>3 \uff0e\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53d8\u5316<\/p>\n<p>[ \u653e\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94 ] \u653e\u51fa\u70ed\u91cf\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u5728\u653e\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u7684\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\u5927\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u7269\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u7684\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\uff1d\u751f\u6210\u7269\u7684\u603b\u80fd\u91cf + \u70ed\u91cf + \u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf<\/p>\n<p>\u653e\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6210\u662f\u201c\u8d2e\u5b58\u201d\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u5316\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u4e3a\u70ed\u80fd\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u80fd<\/p>\n<p>\u91cf\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94 ] \u5438\u6536\u70ed\u91cf\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u5728\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u7684\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\u5c0f\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u7269\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u6210\u7269\u7684\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\uff1d\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u7684\u603b\u80fd\u91cf + \u70ed\u91cf + \u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6210\u662f\u70ed\u80fd\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u5316\u5e76\u201c\u8d2e\u5b58\u201d\u4e3a\u751f\u6210\u7269\u5185\u90e8\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u53cd<\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>*[ \u53cd\u5e94\u70ed ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u53cd\u5e94\u70ed\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u653e\u51fa\u6216\u5438\u6536\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\u70ed\uff0e\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u70ed\u7528\u7b26\u53f7\u25b3 H \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e00\u822c\u91c7\u7528 kJ \u00b7 mol \uff0d 1 \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u53cd\u5e94\u70ed\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u3001\u751f\u6210\u7269\u7684\u952e\u80fd\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u25b3 H \uff1d\u751f\u6210\u7269\u952e\u80fd\u7684\u603b\u548c \uff0d\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u952e<\/p>\n<p>\u80fd\u7684\u603b\u548c<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u653e\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0e\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u5e94\u70ed \u653e\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94 \u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u542b\u4e49 \u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\u5927\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u7269\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u751f\u6210\u7269<\/p>\n<p>\u65f6\u653e\u51fa\u70ed\u91cf \u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\u5c0f\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u7269\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u6210\u7269\u65f6\u5438\u6536\u70ed\u91cf<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u5e94\u672c\u8eab\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u80fd\u91cf\u53d8\u5316 \u53cd\u5e94\u653e\u51fa\u70ed\u91cf\u540e\u4f7f\u53cd\u5e94\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e \u53cd\u5e94\u5438\u6536\u70ed\u91cf\u540e\u4f7f\u53cd\u5e94\u672c\u8eab<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5347\u9ad8<\/p>\n<p>\u8868\u793a\u7b26\u53f7\u6216 \u0394 H \u503c \u201c\uff0d\u201d \u0394 H \uff1c 0 \u201c + \u201d \u0394 H \uff1e 0<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u653e\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u5438\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u5982\u56fe 3 \u2014 1 \u2014 2 \u6240\u793a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u70ed\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u70ed\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u8868\u660e\u53cd\u5e94\u6240\u653e\u51fa\u6216\u5438\u6536\u70ed\u91cf\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u70ed\u5316\u5b66<\/p>\n<p>\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u4e66\u5199\u70ed\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u65f6\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u9700\u6ce8\u660e\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u538b\u5f3a\uff0e\u56e0\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u538b\u5f3a\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u25b3 H \u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0e\u82e5<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u6ce8\u660e\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u6307\u5728 101kPa \u548c 25 \u2103\u65f6\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u3001\u751f\u6210\u7269\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u72b6\u6001\u8981\u6ce8\u660e\uff0e\u540c\u4e00\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u82e5\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5219\u53cd\u5e94\u70ed\u5c31\u4e0d\u540c\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>H2(g) + 1\/2O2(g) \uff1d H2O(g) \u25b3 H \uff1d\uff0d 241.8kJ \u00b7 mol \u2014 1<\/p>\n<p>H2(g) + 1\/2O2(g) \uff1d H2O(l) \u25b3 H \uff1d\uff0d 285.8kJ \u00b7 mol \u2014 1<\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u7531 H2 \u4e0e O2 \u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210 1 mol H2O(l) \u6bd4\u751f\u6210 1 mol H2O(g)<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u653e\u51fa 44 kJ \u00b7 mol \u2014 1 \u7684\u70ed\u91cf\uff0e\u2462\u53cd\u5e94\u70ed\u5199\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\uff0e\u653e\u70ed\u65f6\u25b3 H \u7528\u201c\uff0d\u201d\uff0c\u5438\u70ed\u65f6\u25b3 H \u7528\u201c\uff0b\u201d\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a H2(g) + 1\/2O2(g) \uff1d H2O(g) \uff0d 241.8kJ \u00b7 mol \u2014 1<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u70ed\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5404\u7269\u8d28\u524d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u8ba1\u91cf\u6570\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u5206\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u8868\u793a\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf<\/p>\n<p>(mol) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u7528\u5206\u6570\u8868\u793a\uff0e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5f53\u5316\u5b66\u8ba1\u91cf\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5176<\/p>\n<p>\u25b3 H \u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2H2(g) + O2(g) \uff1d 2H2O(g) \u25b3 Hl \uff1d\uff0d 483.6 kJ \u00b7 mol \u2014 1<\/p>\n<p>H2(g) + 1\/2O2(g) \uff1d H2O(g) \u25b3 H2 \uff1d\uff0d 241.8kJ \u00b7 mol \u2014 1<\/p>\n<p>\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u25b3 Hl \uff1d 2 \u25b3 H2 \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>*[ \u76d6\u65af\u5b9a\u5f8b ] \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd8\u662f\u5206\u51e0\u6b65\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u70ed\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0e\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u70ed\u53ea\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u59cb\u6001 ( \u5404\u53cd\u5e94\u7269 ) \u548c\u7ec8\u6001<\/p>\n<p>( \u5404\u751f\u6210\u7269 ) \u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u5177\u4f53\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u65e0\u5173\uff0e\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u51e0\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5219\u5404\u6b65\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u70ed\u4e4b\u548c\u4e0e\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u70ed\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>*4 \uff0e\u71c3\u70e7\u70ed\u548c\u4e2d\u548c\u70ed<\/p>\n<p>\u71c3\u70e7\u70ed \u4e2d\u548c\u70ed<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49 \u5728 101 kPa \u65f6\uff0c 1 mol \u7269\u8d28\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u751f\u6210\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u6240\u653e\u51fa\u70ed\u91cf \u5728\u7a00\u6eb6<\/p>\n<p>\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u9178\u8ddf\u78b1\u53d1\u751f\u4e2d\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u800c\u751f\u6210 1 mol H2O \u65f6\u6240\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u70ed\u91cf<\/p>\n<p>\u70ed\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f \u4ee5\u71c3\u70e7 1mol \u7269\u8d28\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u914d\u5e73\u5176\u4f59\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u8ba1\u91cf<\/p>\n<p>\u6570 \u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u8ba1\u91cf\u6570\u5e73\u5176\u4f59\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u8ba1\u91cf\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9 \u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u201d\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff1a\u2460\u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5168\u90e8\u71c3\u70e7\u5b8c\uff1b\u2461\u751f\u6210\u7a33<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9a\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u5982 C \u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u751f\u6210 CO2 \uff0c S \u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u751f\u6210 SO2 \uff1b\u7b49\u7b49 \u5f53\u5f3a\u9178\u4e0e\u5f3a\u78b1\u5728<\/p>\n<p>\u7a00\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u4e2d\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c 1 molH \uff0b\u4e0e 1 molOH \uff0d\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210 1 molH2O \uff0c\u90fd<\/p>\n<p>\u653e\u51fa 57 \uff0e 3kJ \u7684\u70ed\u91cf\uff0e\u5373\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>H \uff0b (aq) + OH \uff0d (aq) \uff1d H2O(1)<\/p>\n<p>\u25b3 H \uff1d\uff0d 57.3 kJ \u00b7 mol \uff0d 1<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u5229\u7528\u71c3\u70e7\u70ed\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u71c3\u70e7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u70ed\u91cf \u5f53\u5f3a\u9178\u4e0e\u5f31\u78b1\u6216\u5f31\u9178<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u5f3a\u78b1\u6216\u5f31\u9178\u4e0e\u5f31\u78b1\u53d1\u751f\u4e2d\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u751f\u6210\u7684\u76d0\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6c34\u89e3\u800c\u5438\u70ed\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u65f6\u4e2d\u548c<\/p>\n<p>\u70ed\u8981\u5c0f\u4e8e 57.3 kJ \u00b7 mol \uff0d 1<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u89c4\u5f8b\u5927\u5168<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e<\/p>\n<p>1 \uff0e\u94a0[ \u94a0\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28 ] \u5f88\u8f6f\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u5c0f\u5200\u5207\u5272\uff1b\u5177\u6709\u94f6\u767d\u8272\u91d1\u5c5e\u5149\u6cfd ( \u4f46\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u94a0\u7684\u8868\u9762<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u6de1\u9ec4\u8272 ) \uff1b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6bd4\u6c34\u5c0f\u800c\u6bd4\u7164\u6cb9\u5927 ( \u6545\u6d6e\u5728\u6c34\u9762\u4e0a\u800c\u6c89\u4e8e\u7164\u6cb9\u4e2d ) \uff1b\u7194\u70b9\u3001\u6cb8\u70b9<\/p>\n<p>\u4f4e\uff1b\u662f\u70ed\u548c\u7535\u7684\u826f\u5bfc\u4f53\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u94a0\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28 ]<\/p>\n<p>Na \u4e0e O2 \u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\uff1a 4Na + O2 \uff1d 2Na2O \uff0c 2Na2O + O2 \uff1d 2Na2O2 ( \u6240\u4ee5\u94a0\u8868\u9762\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u5c42\u65e2<\/p>\n<p>\u6709 Na2O \u4e5f\u6709 Na2O2 \uff0c\u4e14 Na2O2 \u6bd4 Na2O \u7a33\u5b9a ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u52a0\u70ed\u65f6\uff1a 2Na + O2Na2O2( \u94a0\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff0c\u53d1\u51fa\u9ec4\u8272\u706b\u7130\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u6de1\u9ec4\u8272\u56fa\u4f53 ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2)Na \u4e0e\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\u94a0\u53ef\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u751f\u6210 +1 \u4ef7\u7684\u94a0\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0e\u4f8b<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2Na + C122NaCl 2Na + SNa2S<\/p>\n<p>(3)Na \u4e0e H2O \u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ca\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u5206\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1a 2Na + 2H2O \uff1d 2Na \uff0b + 2OH \uff0d + H2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>Na \u4e0e H2O \u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a \u2460\u6d6e \u2461\u7194 \u2467\u6e38 \u2463\u9e23 \u2464\u7ea2\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(4)Na \u4e0e\u9178\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a 2Na + 2HCl \uff1d 2NaCl + H2 \u2191 2Na + H2SO4 \uff1d Na2SO4<\/p>\n<p>+ H2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u9178\u4e2d H \uff0b\u6d53\u5ea6\u6bd4\u6c34\u4e2d H \uff0b\u6d53\u5ea6\u5927\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 Na \u4e0e\u9178\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u8981\u6bd4\u6c34\u5267\u70c8\u5f97\u591a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u94a0\u4e0e\u9178\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u9178\u8db3\u91cf ( \u8fc7\u91cf ) \u65f6\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u6eb6\u8d28\u9178\u4e0e\u94a0\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u9178\u4e0d\u8db3\u91cf\u65f6\uff1a\u94a0\u9996\u5148\u4e0e\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5f53\u6eb6\u8d28\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\u5b8c\u540e\uff0c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u94a0\u518d\u4e0e\u6c34\u5e94\uff0e\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u751f\u6210\u7684 NaOH \u6216 H2 \u7684\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u5e94\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(5)Na \u4e0e\u76d0\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u5728\u4ee5\u76d0\u4e3a\u6eb6\u8d28\u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u9996\u5148\u8003\u8651\u94a0\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210<\/p>\n<p>NaOH \u548c H2 \uff0c\u518d\u5206\u6790 NaOH \u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u628a\u94a0\u6295\u5165 CuSO4 \u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2Na + 2H2O \uff1d 2NaOH + H2 \u2191 2NaOH + CuSO4 \uff1d Cu(OH)2 \u2193 + Na2SO4<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u94a0\u4e0e\u7194\u878d\u7684\u76d0\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u7f6e\u6362\u51fa\u76d0\u4e2d\u8f83\u4e0d\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>4Na + TiCl4( \u7194\u878d ) 4NaCl + Ti<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u94a0\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u65b9\u6cd5 ] \u7531\u4e8e\u94a0\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6bd4\u7164\u6cb9\u5927\u4e14\u4e0d\u4e0e\u7164\u6cb9\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u94a0\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u7164\u6cb9\u91cc\uff0c\u4ee5\u9694\u7edd\u4e0e\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u548c\u6c34\u63a5\u89e6\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u94a0\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u91cc\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u94a0\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u5f88\u6d3b\u6cfc\uff0c\u6545\u94a0\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u5316\u5408\u6001<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f ( \u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a NaCl \uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u6709 Na2SO4 \u3001 Na2CO3 \u3001 NaNO3 \u7b49 ) \u5b58\u5728\uff0e[ \u94a0\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u9014 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u5236\u5907\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\uff0e ( \u539f\u7406\uff1a 2Na + O2Na2O2)<\/p>\n<p>(2)Na \uff0d K \u5408\u91d1 ( \u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\u4e3a\u6db2\u6001 ) \u4f5c\u539f\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u7684\u5bfc\u70ed\u5242\uff0e ( \u539f\u56e0\uff1a Na \uff0d K \u5408\u91d1\u7194<\/p>\n<p>\u70b9\u4f4e\u3001\u5bfc\u70ed\u6027\u597d )<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u51b6\u70bc\u5982\u949b\u3001\u9506\u3001\u94cc\u3001\u94bd\u7b49\u7a00\u6709\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0e ( \u539f\u7406\uff1a \u91d1\u5c5e\u94a0\u4e3a\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u5242 )<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u5236\u9ad8\u538b\u94a0\u706f\uff0e ( \u539f\u56e0\uff1a \u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u9ec4\u8272\u5149\u5c04\u7a0b\u8fdc\uff0c\u900f\u96fe\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a )<\/p>\n<p>2 \uff0e\u94a0\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/p>\n<p>[ \u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u94a0 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28 \u6de1\u9ec4\u8272\u56fa\u4f53\u7c89\u672b<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28 \u4e0e H2O \u53cd\u5e94 2Na2O2 + 2H2O \uff1d 4NaOH + O2<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u53cd\u5e94\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u80fd\u4f7f\u4f59\u70ec\u7684\u6728\u6761\u590d\u71c3\uff1b\u53cd\u5e94\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u70ed\u80fd\u4f7f\u68c9\u82b1\u71c3\u70e7\u8d77\u6765<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e CO2 \u53cd\u5e94 2Na2O2 + 2CO2 \uff1d 2Na2CO3 + O2 \u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u4e3a\u653e\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u5242 \u80fd\u4f7f\u7ec7\u7269\u3001\u9ea6\u79c6\u3001\u7fbd\u6bdb\u7b49\u6709\u8272\u7269\u8d28\u892a\u8272<\/p>\n<p>\u7528 \u9014 \u547c\u5438\u9762\u5177\u548c\u6f5c\u6c34\u8247\u91cc\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff1b\u4f5c\u6f02\u767d\u5242<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e (1)Na2O2 \u4e0e H2O \u3001 CO2 \u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c Na2O2 \u65e2\u662f\u6c27\u5316\u5242\u53c8\u662f\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\uff0c H2O \u6216 CO2 \u53ea\u4f5c<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\uff0c\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u80fd\u591f\u4e0e Na2O2 \u53cd\u5e94\u4ea7\u751f O2 \u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f CO2 \u3001\u6c34\u84b8\u6c14\u6216 CO2 \u548c\u6c34\u84b8\u6c14\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u6c14<\/p>\n<p>\u4f53\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u6c27\u6c14\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u53d1\u751f\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201c\u56fa + \u6db2 \u2192<\/p>\n<p>\u6c14\u4f53\u201d\u578b\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u4e0e\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0 ]<\/p>\n<p>Na2CO3 NaHCO3<\/p>\n<p>\u4fd7\u540d \u7eaf\u78b1\u3001\u82cf\u6253 \u5c0f\u82cf\u6253<\/p>\n<p>\u989c\u8272\u3001\u72b6\u6001 \u767d\u8272\u7c89\u672b\uff0e\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u7ed3\u6676\u6c34\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u4e3a Na2CO3 \u00b7 10H2O \u767d\u8272\u6676<\/p>\n<p>\u4f53\uff0e\u65e0\u7ed3\u6676\u6c34\u5408\u7269<\/p>\n<p>\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027 \u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34 \u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u4f46\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u6bd4 Na2CO3 \u5c0f \u70ed\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027 \u52a0\u70ed\u4e0d\u5206\u89e3 \u52a0\u70ed\u6613\u5206\u89e3\uff0e\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 \u2191 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u9178\u53cd\u5e94 \u8f83\u7f13\u6162\uff0e\u53cd\u5e94\u5206\u4e24\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>CO32 \uff0d + H \uff0b = HCO3 \uff0d<\/p>\n<p>HCO3 \uff0d + H \uff0b = CO2 \u2191 + H2O \u8f83\u5267\u70c8\uff0c\u653e\u51fa CO2 \u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb<\/p>\n<p>HCO3 \uff0d + H \uff0b = CO2 \u2191 +H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e NaOH<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u5e94 \u4e0d\u53cd\u5e94 NaHCO3 + NaOH = Na2CO3 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u9178\u5f0f\u76d0\u4e0e\u78b1\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u751f\u6210\u76d0\u548c\u6c34<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e CaCl2<\/p>\n<p>\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94 CO32 \uff0d + Ca2 \uff0b = CaCO3 \u2193 \u4e0d\u53cd\u5e94\u3002 Ca(HCO3)2 \u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34<\/p>\n<p>\u9274\u522b\u65b9\u6cd5 \u2460\u56fa\u6001\u65f6\uff1a \u5206\u522b\u52a0\u70ed\uff0c\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4f7f\u6f84\u6e05\u77f3\u7070\u6c34\u53d8\u6d51\u6d4a\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u662f NaHCO3<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff1a \u5206\u522b\u52a0\u5165 CaCl2 \u6216 BaCl2 \u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u6709\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u662f Na2CO3<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u9014 \u2460\u7528\u4e8e\u73bb\u7483\u3001\u5236\u7682\u3001\u9020\u7eb8\u7b49<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5236\u70e7\u78b1 \u2460\u7528\u4f5c\u5236\u7cd5\u70b9\u7684\u53d1\u9175\u7c89\u2461\u7528\u4e8e\u6ce1\u6cab\u706d\u706b\u5668\u2462\u6cbb\u7597\u80c3\u9178\u8fc7\u591a<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e (1) \u7531\u4e8e NaHCO3 \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u5c0f\u4e8e Na2CO3 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5411\u9971\u548c\u7684 Na2CO3 \u6eb6<\/p>\n<p>\u6db2\u4e2d\u901a\u5165 CO2 \u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u80fd\u6790\u51fa NaHCO3 \u6676\u4f53\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u5229\u7528 Na2CO3 \u6eb6\u6db2\u4e0e\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u76f8\u4e92\u6ef4\u52a0\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u53ef<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u5916\u52a0\u8bd5\u5242\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9274\u522b Na2CO3 \u6eb6\u6db2\u4e0e\u76d0\u9178\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>*[ \u4faf\u6c0f\u5236\u78b1\u6cd5\u5236 NaHCO3 \u548c Na2CO3 \u7684\u539f\u7406 ] \u5728\u9971\u548c NaCl \u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u4f9d\u6b21\u901a\u5165\u8db3\u91cf\u7684<\/p>\n<p>NH3 \u3001 CO2 \u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u6709 NaHCO3 \u4ece\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6790\u51fa\uff0e\u6709\u5173\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>NH3 + H2O + CO2 \uff1d NH4HCO3 NH4HCO3 + NaCl \uff1d NaHCO3 \u2193 + NH4Cl<\/p>\n<p>2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>3 \uff0e\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n<p>[ \u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u9502 (Li) \u3001\u94a0 (Na) \u3001\u94be (K) \u3001\u94f7 (Rb) \u3001\u94ef (Cs) \u548c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u94ab (Fr) \uff0e(1) \u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff1a\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u5747\u4e3a 1 \u4e2a\uff0c\u6b21\u5916\u5c42\u4e3a 8 \u4e2a (Li \u539f\u5b50\u6b21\u5916\u5c42\u7535\u5b50\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a 2 \u4e2a ) \uff0e\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u6613\u5931\u53bb 1 \u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u800c\u663e +1 \u4ef7\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u9012\u53d8\u89c4\u5f8b\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u6838\u7535\u8377\u6570\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u6570\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u534a\u5f84\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u5931<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u529b\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6027\u589e\u5f3a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff1a\u2460\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u94f6\u767d\u8272\u91d1\u5c5e\u5149\u6cfd ( \u5176\u4e2d\u94ef\u7565\u5e26\u91d1\u9ec4\u8272 ) \uff1b\u2461\u67d4\u8f6f\uff1b\u2462\u7194\u70b9\u4f4e\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5c0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d Li \u3001 Na \u3001 K \u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6c34\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff1b\u2464\u5bfc\u7535\u3001\u5bfc\u70ed\u6027\u597d\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u9012\u53d8\u89c4\u5f8b\uff1a\u4ece Li \u2192 Cs \uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6838\u7535\u8377\u6570\u7684\u9012\u589e\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u5927 ( \u7279\u6b8a\uff1a K \u7684\u5bc6<\/p>\n<p>\u5ea6\u5c0f\u4e8e Na \u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6 ) \uff0c\u4f46\u7194\u70b9\u3001\u6cb8\u70b9\u9010\u6e10\u964d\u4f4e\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u4e0e\u94a0\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0e\u7531\u4e8e\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u5747\u4e3a 1 \u4e2a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u6613\u5931\u53bb 1 \u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\uff1b\u53c8\u7531\u4e8e\u4ece Li \u2192 Cs \uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u6838\u7535\u8377\u6570\u7684\u9012\u589e\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u6570\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u534a\u5f84\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5bf9\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u7535\u5b50\u5438\u5f15\u529b<\/p>\n<p>\u51cf\u5f31\uff0c\u6545\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u589e\u5f3a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u4e0e O2 \u7b49\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u4ece Li \u2192 Cs \uff0c\u4e0e O2 \u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5267\u70c8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2460 Li \u4e0e O2 \u53cd\u5e94\u53ea\u751f\u6210 Li2O \uff1a 4Li + O22Li2O<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5728\u5ba4\u6e29\u4e0b\uff0c Rb \u3001 Cs \u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6c14\u7acb\u5373\u71c3\u70e7\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2462 K \u3001 Rb \u3001 Cs \u4e0e O2 \u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8d85\u6c27\u5316\u7269 KO2 \u3001 RbO2 \u3001 CsO2 \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u4e0e H2O \u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2R + 2H2O = 2ROH + H2 \u2191 (R \u4ee3\u8868 Li \u3001 Na \u3001 K \u3001 Rb \u3001 Cs) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece Li \u2192 Na \uff0c\u4e0e H2O \u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5267\u70c8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\uff0e K \u4e0e H2O \u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u71c3\u70e7\u5e76\u53d1\u751f<\/p>\n<p>\u8f7b\u5fae\u7206\u70b8\uff1b Rb \u3001 Cs \u9047 H2O \u7acb\u5373\u71c3\u70e7\u5e76\u7206\u70b8\uff0e\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u7684\u78b1\u6027\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u5f3a<\/p>\n<p>( \u5176\u4e2d LiOH \u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34 ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u7130\u8272\u53cd\u5e94 ] \u662f\u6307\u67d0\u4e9b\u91d1\u5c5e\u6216\u91d1\u5c5e\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5728\u706b\u7130\u4e2d\u707c\u70e7\u65f6\uff0c\u706b\u7130\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u989c<\/p>\n<p>\u8272\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7130\u8272\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u989c\u8272\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u94a0\u2014\u2014\u9ec4\u8272\uff1b\u94be\u2014\u2014\u7d2b\u8272\uff1b\u9502\u2014\u2014\u7d2b\u7ea2\u8272\uff1b\u94f7\u2014\u2014\u7d2b\u8272\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u9499\u2014\u4e00\u7816\u7ea2\u8272\uff1b\u9536\u2014\u2014\u6d0b\u7ea2\u8272\uff1b\u94a1\u2014\u2014\u9ec4\u7eff\u8272\uff1b\u94dc\u2014\u2014\u7eff\u8272\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u7130\u8272\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u68c0\u9a8c\u94a0\u3001\u94be\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u89c4\u5f8b\u5927\u5168\u2014\u2014\u5364\u7d20<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6c2f\u6c14<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[ \u6c2f\u6c14\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e3a\u9ec4\u7eff\u8272\u6c14\u4f53\uff0e\u52a0\u538b\u6216\u964d\u6e29\u540e\u6db2\u5316\u4e3a\u6db2\u6c2f\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u538b\u6216\u964d\u6e29\u5219<\/p>\n<p>\u53d8\u6210\u56fa\u6001\u6c2f\uff0e (2) \u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c2f\u6c14\u53ef\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34 (1 \u4f53\u79ef\u6c34\u6eb6\u89e3 2 \u4f53\u79ef\u6c2f\u6c14 ) \uff0e (3) \u6c2f\u6c14\u6709<\/p>\n<p>\u6bd2\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\uff0c\u5438\u5165\u5c11\u91cf\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u80f8\u90e8\u75bc\u75db\u548c\u54b3\u55fd\uff0c\u5438\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u5219\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6bd2\u6b7b<\/p>\n<p>\u4ea1\uff0e\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u95fb\u6c2f\u6c14\u6c14\u5473\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\uff1a\u7528\u624b\u5728\u74f6\u53e3\u8f7b\u8f7b\u6247\u52a8\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f7f\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u6c2f<\/p>\n<p>\u6c14\u98d8\u8fdb\u9f3b\u5b54\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6c2f\u6c14\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u753b\u51fa\u6c2f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6c2f\u539f\u5b50\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u83b7\u5f97 1 \u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\uff0e\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6c2f\u6c14\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u975e\u5e38\u6d3b\u6cfc\uff0c\u662f\u4e00<\/p>\n<p>\u79cd\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u5242\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a Cu + C12CuCl2<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u94dc\u5728\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e2d\u5267\u70c8\u71c3\u70e7\uff0c\u96c6\u6c14\u74f6\u4e2d\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u68d5\u9ec4\u8272\u7684\u70df\uff0e\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\uff0c\u96c6\u6c14<\/p>\n<p>\u74f6\u5185\u58c1\u9644\u7740\u6709\u68d5\u9ec4\u8272\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u7c89\u672b\uff0e\u5411\u96c6\u6c14\u74f6\u5185\u52a0\u5165\u5c11\u91cf\u84b8\u998f\u6c34\uff0c\u68d5\u9ec4\u8272\u56fa\u4f53\u7c89\u672b\u6eb6<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u7eff\u8272\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u52a0\u6c34\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u53d8\u6210\u84dd\u8272\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>2Na + Cl22NaCl \u5b9e\u9a8c\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u6709\u767d\u70df\u4ea7\u751f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u2460\u5728\u70b9\u71c3\u6216\u707c\u70ed\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u90fd\u80fd\u4e0e\u6c2f\u6c14\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c2f\u5316\u7269\uff0e\u5176<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d8\u4ef7\u91d1\u5c5e\u5982 (Cu \u3001 Fe) \u4e0e\u6c2f\u6c14\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\u5448\u73b0\u9ad8\u4ef7\u6001 ( \u5206\u522b\u751f\u6210 CuCl2 \u3001 FeCl3) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5728\u5e38\u6e29\u3001\u5e38\u538b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e72\u71e5\u7684\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u94c1\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6545\u53ef\u7528\u94a2\u74f6\u50a8\u5b58\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u6db2\u6c2f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u201c\u70df\u201d\u662f\u56fa\u4f53\u5c0f\u9897\u7c92\u5206\u6563\u5230\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0e\u5982\u94dc\u5728\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u68d5\u9ec4\u8272<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u70df\u4e3a CuCl2 \u6676\u4f53\u5c0f\u9897\u7c92\uff1b\u94a0\u5728\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u767d\u70df\u4e3a NaCl \u6676\u4f53\u5c0f\u9897\u7c92\uff1b\u7b49<\/p>\n<p>\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u4e0e\u6c22\u6c14\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e H2 + Cl2 2HCl<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f \u2460\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c H2 \u4e0e C12 \u5747\u53ef\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u53cd\u5e94\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u73b0<\/p>\n<p>\u8c61\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0e\u70b9\u71c3\u65f6\uff0c\u7eaf\u51c0\u7684 H2 \u80fd\u5728 C12 \u4e2d\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u71c3\u70e7\uff0c\u53d1\u51fa\u82cd\u767d\u8272\u7684\u706b\u7130\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u767d\u96fe\u5e76\u6709\u5c0f\u6db2\u6ef4\u51fa\u73b0\uff1b\u5728\u5f3a\u5149\u7167\u5c04\u4e0b\uff0c H2 \u4e0e C12 \u7684\u6df7\u5408<\/p>\n<p>\u6c14\u4f53\u53d1\u751f\u7206\u70b8\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u71c3\u70e7\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u6c27\u6c14\u53c2\u52a0\uff0e\u4efb\u4f55\u53d1\u5149\u3001\u53d1\u70ed\u7684\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e<\/p>\n<p>\u71c3\u70e7\uff0e\u5982\u91d1\u5c5e\u94dc\u3001\u6c22\u6c14\u5728\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u201c\u96fe\u201d\u662f\u5c0f\u6db2\u6ef4\u60ac\u6d6e\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff1b\u201c\u70df\u201d\u662f\u56fa\u4f53\u5c0f\u9897\u7c92\u5206\u6563\u5230\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u8d28\uff0e\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u201c\u96fe\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u70df\u201d\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0e \u2463 H2 \u4e0e Cl2 \u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u7684 HCl \u6c14\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u6c14\u5473\uff0c\u6781\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0e HCl \u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u53eb<\/p>\n<p>\u6c22\u6c2f\u9178\uff0c\u4fd7\u79f0\u76d0\u9178\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1a C12 + H2O \uff1d HCl + HClO \u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1a Cl2 + H2O \uff1d H \uff0b + Cl \uff0d<\/p>\n<p>+ HClO<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u2460 C12 \u4e0e H2O \u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a C12 \u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c Cl2 \u65e2\u662f\u6c27<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5242\u53c8\u662f\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\uff0c H2O \u53ea\u4f5c\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5728\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\uff0c 1 \u4f53\u79ef\u6c34\u80fd\u6eb6\u89e3\u7ea6 2 \u4f53\u79ef\u7684\u6c2f\u6c14\uff0c\u6545\u65b0\u5236\u6c2f\u6c34\u663e\u9ec4\u7eff\u8272\uff0e\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6eb6<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u4e8e\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u5206 C12 \u4e0e H2O \u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210 HCl \u548c HClO \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u65b0\u5236\u6c2f\u6c34\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u542b\u6709<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u79cd\u5206\u5b50 (C12 \u3001 HClO \u3001 H2O) \u548c\u56db\u79cd\u79bb\u5b50 (H \uff0b\u3001 Cl \uff0d\u3001 ClO \uff0d\u548c\u6c34\u7535\u79bb\u4ea7\u751f\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u5c11\u91cf OH \uff0d ) \u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0e\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u65b0\u5236\u6c2f\u6c34\u5177\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u9178\u6027 (H \uff0b ) \uff0c\u6f02\u767d\u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n<p>( \u542b HClO) \uff0c Cl \uff0d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c C12 \u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u65b0\u5236\u6c2f\u6c34\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u8f83\u591a\u7684 C12 \u3001 HClO \uff0c\u4e45\u7f6e\u6c2f\u6c34\u7531\u4e8e C12 \u4e0d\u65ad\u8ddf H2O \u53cd\u5e94\u548c<\/p>\n<p>HClO \u4e0d\u65ad\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684 C12 \u3001 HClO \u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5c11\u3001 HCl \u9010\u6e10\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684 pH \u9010<\/p>\n<p>\u6e10\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6eb6\u6db2\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684 pH \uff1c 7 \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2463 C12 \u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u6f02\u767d\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u8d77\u6f02\u767d\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u662f C12 \u4e0e H2O \u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u7684<\/p>\n<p>HClO \uff0e\u6240\u4ee5\u5e72\u71e5\u7684 C12 \u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u5e72\u71e5\u7684\u6709\u8272\u5e03\u6761\u892a\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u6df7\u6709\u6c34\u84b8\u6c14\u7684 C12 \u80fd\u4f7f\u5e72<\/p>\n<p>\u71e5\u5e03\u6761\u892a\u8272\uff0c\u6216\u5e72\u71e5\u7684 C12 \u80fd\u4f7f\u6e7f\u5e03\u6761\u892a\u8272\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2464\u6ce8\u610f\u201c\u6c2f\u6c34\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6db2\u6c2f\u201d\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6c2f\u6c34\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u6db2\u6c2f\u662f\u7eaf\u51c0\u7269\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u4e0e\u78b1\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e0e\u78b1\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u901a\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6c2f\u6c14 + \u53ef\u6eb6\u78b1 \u2192 \u91d1\u5c5e\u6c2f\u5316\u7269 + \u6b21\u6c2f\u9178\u76d0 + \u6c34\uff0e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>C12 + 2NaOH \uff1d NaCl + NaClO + H2O \u6216 Cl2 + 2OH \uff0d\uff1d Cl \uff0d + ClO \uff0d + H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236 C12 \u65f6\uff0c\u591a\u4f59 Cl2 \u7684\u5438\u6536\uff08\u5c3e\u6c14\u5438\u6536\uff09\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>2Cl2 + 2Ca(OH)2 \uff1d Ca(C1O)2 \uff0b CaCl2 + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u2460 Cl2 \u4e0e\u77f3\u7070\u4e73 [Ca(OH)2 \u7684\u60ac\u6d4a\u6db2 ] \u6216\u6d88\u77f3\u7070\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0a\u751f\u4ea7\u6f02\u7c89\u7cbe\u6216<\/p>\n<p>\u6f02\u767d\u7c89\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0e\u6f02\u7c89\u7cbe\u548c\u6f02\u767d\u7c89\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206\u4e3a Ca(ClO)2 \u548c CaCl2 \uff0c\u6709<\/p>\n<p>\u6548\u6210\u5206\u662f Ca(C1O)2<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6b21\u6c2f\u9178\u76d0\u6bd4\u6b21\u6c2f\u9178\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u6f02\u7c89\u7cbe\u548c\u6f02\u767d\u7c89\u7528\u4e8e\u6f02\u767d\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5148\u8ddf\u5176\u4ed6\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Ca(ClO)2+2HCl \uff1d CaCl2+2HClO\u2463\u6f02\u7c89\u7cbe\u548c\u6f02\u767d\u7c89\u9732\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6f6e\u6e7f\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u6613\u53d8\u8d28\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u987b\u5bc6\u5c01\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0e\u6709\u5173\u53cd\u5e94\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a Ca(ClO)2 + CO2 + H2O \uff1d CaCO3 \u2193 + 2HClO 2HClO2HCl + O2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u6f02\u7c89\u7cbe\u548c\u6f02\u767d\u7c89\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u6f02\u767d\u3001\u6d88\u6bd2\u4f5c\u7528\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6c2f\u6c14\u7684\u7528\u9014 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u6740\u83cc\u6d88\u6bd2\uff1b\u2461\u5236\u76d0\u9178\uff1b\u2467\u5236\u6f02\u7c89\u7cbe\u548c\u6f02\u767d\u7c89\uff1b\u2463\u5236\u9020\u6c2f\u4eff\u7b49\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u519c<\/p>\n<p>\u836f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6b21\u6c2f\u9178 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u6b21\u6c2f\u9178 (HClO) \u662f\u4e00\u5143\u5f31\u9178 ( \u9178\u6027\u6bd4 H2CO3 \u8fd8\u5f31 ) \uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5f31\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u5236\u6c2f\u6c34<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5 HClO \u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4e66\u5199\u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u65f6\u5e94\u4fdd\u7559\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461 HClO \u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6613\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5149\u7167\u65f6\u5206\u89e3\u901f\u7387\u52a0\u5feb\uff0e\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2HClO \uff1d 2H \uff0b + 2Cl \uff0d + O2 \u2191\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 HClO \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u5242\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462 HClO \u80fd\u6740\u83cc\uff0e\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\u5e38\u7528\u6c2f\u6c14\u6740\u83cc\u6d88\u6bd2 ( \u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u9010\u6b65\u7528 C1O2 \u4ee3\u66ff ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2463 HClO \u80fd\u4f7f\u67d0\u4e9b\u67d3\u6599\u548c\u6709\u673a\u8272\u7d20\u892a\u8272\uff0e\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c06 Cl2 \u901a\u5165\u77f3\u854a\u8bd5\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bd5\u6db2\u5148\u53d8<\/p>\n<p>\u7ea2\u540e\u892a\u8272\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6c2f\u6c14\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u6cd5 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u53cd\u5e94\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u6bd4 C12 \u5f3a\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u5242 [ \u5982 MnO2 \u3001 KMnO4 \u3001<\/p>\n<p>KClO3 \u3001 Ca(ClO)2 \u7b49 ] \u5c06\u6d53\u76d0\u9178\u4e2d\u7684 Cl \uff0d\u6c27\u5316\u6765\u5236\u53d6 C12 \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>MnO2 + 4HCl( \u6d53 ) MnCl2 + C12 \u2191 + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p>2KMnO4 + 16HCl( \u6d53 ) = 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 \u2191 + 8H2O<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u88c5\u7f6e\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u53cd\u5e94\u7269 MnO2 \u4e3a\u56fa\u4f53\u3001\u6d53\u76d0\u9178\u4e3a\u6db2\u4f53\u53ca\u53cd\u5e94\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u70ed\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u9009\u7528\u201c\u56fa + \u6db2\u52a0\u70ed\u578b\u201d\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u53d1\u751f\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0e\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4eea\u5668\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5706\u5e95\u70e7\u74f6 ( \u6216\u84b8\u998f\u70e7<\/p>\n<p>\u74f6 ) \u3001\u5206\u6db2\u6f0f\u6597\u3001\u9152\u7cbe\u706f\u3001\u53cc\u5b54\u6a61\u80f6\u585e\u548c\u94c1\u67b6\u53f0 ( \u5e26\u94c1\u5939\u3001\u94c1\u5708 ) \u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u6536\u96c6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6c2f\u6c14\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u5e76\u8ddf\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e14\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6bd4\u7a7a\u6c14\u5927\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u9009\u7528\u5411\u4e0a\u6392\u6c14\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>\u6536\u96c6\u6c2f\u6c14\uff0e\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6c2f\u6c14\u5728\u9971\u548c NaCl \u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u6545\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e5f\u5e38\u7528\u6392\u9971\u548c\u98df<\/p>\n<p>\u76d0\u6c34\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6536\u96c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u9664\u53bb\u6df7\u6709\u7684 HCl \u6c14\u4f53\uff0e\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u5236\u53d6\u5e72\u71e5\u3001\u7eaf\u51c0\u7684<\/p>\n<p>Cl2 \uff0c\u5e38\u5c06\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u7684 C12 \u4f9d\u6b21\u901a\u8fc7\u76db\u6709\u9971\u548c NaCl \u6eb6\u6db2\u548c\u6d53\u786b\u9178\u7684\u6d17\u6c14\u74f6\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u591a\u4f59\u6c2f\u6c14\u7684\u5438\u6536\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6c2f\u6c14\u6709\u6bd2\uff0c\u591a\u4f59\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e0d\u80fd\u6392\u653e\u5230\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 NaOH<\/p>\n<p>\u6eb6\u6db2\u7b49\u5f3a\u78b1\u6eb6\u6db2\u5438\u6536\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u77f3\u7070\u6c34\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a Ca(OH)2 \u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u6c2f\u6c14\u5b8c\u5168\u5438\u6536\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(5) \u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u2460\u52a0\u70ed\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5730\u3001\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u79fb\u52a8\u706b\u7130\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u53cd\u5e94\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0e\u5f53\u6c2f\u6c14\u51fa\u6765\u8f83\u5feb\u65f6\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u6682\u505c\u52a0\u70ed\uff0e\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u52a0\u5f3a\u70ed\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6d53\u76d0\u9178\u91cc\u7684\u6c2f\u5316\u6c22\u6c14\u4f53\u5927\u91cf\u6325\u53d1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5236\u5f97\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e0d\u7eaf\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6536\u96c6\u6c2f\u6c14\u65f6\uff0c\u5bfc\u6c14\u7ba1\u5e94\u63d2\u5165\u96c6\u6c14\u74f6\u5e95\u90e8\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e2d\u6df7\u6709\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14<\/p>\n<p>\u8f83\u5c11\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u5229\u7528\u6d53\u76d0\u9178\u4e0e\u8db3\u91cf\u7684 MnO2 \u5171\u70ed\u5236\u53d6 C12 \u65f6\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4ea7\u751f\u7684 C12 \u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u603b\u662f\u6bd4\u7406<\/p>\n<p>\u8bba\u503c\u4f4e\uff0e\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u6d53\u76d0\u9178\u4f1a\u6e10\u6e10\u53d8\u7a00\uff0c\u800c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728<\/p>\n<p>\u52a0\u70ed\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e MnO2 \u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[Cl \uff0d\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c ]<\/p>\n<p>\u65b9\u6cd5 \u5411\u5f85\u68c0\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165 AgNO3 \u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u5165\u7a00 HNO3 \uff0c\u82e5\u4ea7\u751f\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u5219\u539f<\/p>\n<p>\u5f85\u68c0\u6db2\u4e2d\u542b\u6709 C1 \uff0d\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f (1) \u4e0d\u80fd\u52a0\u5165\u76d0\u9178\u9178\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5f15\u5165 C1 \uff0d\uff08\u82e5\u9178\u5316\u53ef\u7528\u7a00 HNO3 \uff09\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u82e5\u5f85\u68c0\u6db2\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u542b\u6709 SO42 \u2014\u6216 SO32 \u2014\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528 HNO3 \u9178\u5316\u7684 AgNO3 \u6eb6<\/p>\n<p>\u6db2\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c Cl \uff0d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u6210\u7684 Ag2SO4 \u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u7a00 HNO3 \u7684\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0 (SO32 \uff0d\u80fd<\/p>\n<p>\u88ab HNO3 \u6c27\u5316\u4e3a SO42 \uff0d ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>2 \uff0e\u5364\u65cf\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5364\u65cf\u5143\u7d20 ] \u7b80\u79f0\u5364\u7d20\uff0e\u5305\u62ec\u6c1f (F) \u3001\u6c2f (C1) \u3001\u6eb4 (Br) \u3001\u7898 (I) \u548c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u7839<\/p>\n<p>(At) \uff0e\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u5364\u7d20\u65e0\u6e38\u79bb\u6001\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u5316\u5408\u6001\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5364\u7d20\u5355\u8d28\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u989c\u8272 \u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<p>( \u5e38\u6001 ) \u7194\u70b9\u3001\u6cb8\u70b9 \u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6 ( \u6c34\u4e2d ) \u5bc6\u5ea6<\/p>\n<p>F2 \u6d45\u9ec4\u7eff\u8272 \u6d45<\/p>\n<p>\u6df1 \u6c14\u4f53 \u4f4e<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8 \u964d<\/p>\n<p>\u4f4e \u5c0f<\/p>\n<p>\u5927<\/p>\n<p>Cl2 \u9ec4\u7eff\u8272 \u6c14\u4f53 \u90e8\u5206\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u6c34\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>Br2 \u6df1\u7ea2\u68d5\u8272 \u6db2\u4f53 \u6613\u6325\u53d1<\/p>\n<p>I2 \u7d2b\u9ed1\u8272 \u56fa\u4f53 \u5347\u534e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e (1) \u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u76db\u6eb4\u7684\u8bd5\u5242\u74f6\u4e2d\u52a0\u6c34 ( \u5373\u201c\u6c34\u5c01\u201d ) \uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6eb4\u7684\u6325\u53d1\uff0e(2) \u56fa\u6001\u7269\u8d28\u4e0d\u7ecf\u6db2\u6001\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u53d8\u6210\u6c14\u6001\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u5347\u534e\uff0e\u5347\u534e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u53d8<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\uff0e\u5229\u7528\u7898\u6613\u5347\u534e\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u5206\u79bb\u3001\u63d0\u7eaf\u5355\u8d28\u7898\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3)Br2 \u3001 I2 \u8f83\u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u800c\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u5982\u6c7d\u6cb9\u3001\u82ef\u3001\u56db\u6c2f\u5316\u78b3\u3001\u9152\u7cbe\u7b49\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\uff0e\u533b<\/p>\n<p>\u7597\u4e0a\u7528\u7684\u7898\u9152\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7898 ( \u6eb6\u8d28 ) \u7684\u9152\u7cbe ( \u6eb6\u5242 ) \u6eb6\u6db2\uff0e\u5229\u7528\u4e0e\u6c34\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u6eb6\u7684\u6709\u673a\u6eb6<\/p>\n<p>\u5242\u53ef\u5c06 Br2 \u3001 I2 \u4ece\u6eb4\u6c34\u3001\u7898\u6c34\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u6765 ( \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53eb\u505a\u8403\u53d6 ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5364\u7d20\u5355\u8d28\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u5364\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5143\u7d20\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3001\u9012\u53d8\u6027\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u6c1f F \u6c2f Cl \u6eb4 Br \u7898 I<\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u7535\u8377\u6570 9 17 35 53<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027 \u6700\u5916\u5c42\u4e0a\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u90fd\u662f 7 \u4e2a<\/p>\n<p>\u5364\u7d20\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027 \u2460\u6c1f\u53ea\u6709\uff0d 1 \u4ef7\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5364\u7d20\u6709\uff0d l \u3001 +1 \u3001 +3 \u3001 +5 \u3001 +7<\/p>\n<p>\u4ef7\u2461\u5355\u8d28\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u5242\u2462\u5355\u8d28\u5747\u80fd\u4e0e H2 \u5316\u5408\u751f\u6210\u5364\u5316\u6c22\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28\u5316\u5408\u751f\u6210\u91d1\u5c5e\u5364\u5316\u7269\u2463\u5355\u8d28\u90fd\u80fd\u4e0e\u6c34\u3001\u5f3a\u78b1\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c Br2 \u3001 I2 \u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0e<\/p>\n<p>C12 \u7c7b\u4f3c<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9012\u53d8\u6027 \u6838\u7535\u8377\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u5c11 \u591a<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u5b50\u534a\u5f84 \u5c0f \u5927<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u9012\u53d8 \u6027 \u539f\u5b50\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n<p>\u5f3a \u5f31<\/p>\n<p>\u5355\u8d28\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u5355\u8d28\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c14\u5316\u5408 \u6613 \u96be<\/p>\n<p>\u5355\u8d28\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94 \u5267\u70c8 \u7f13\u6162 ( \u5fae\u5f31 )<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u5e94\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u6027 \u5f31 \u5f3a<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u5364\u7d20\u5355\u8d28\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c14\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>F2 Cl2 Br2 I2<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e H2 \u5316\u5408\u7684\u6761\u4ef6 \u51b7\u3001\u6697 \u70b9\u71c3\u6216\u5149\u7167 500 \u2103 \u6301\u7eed\u52a0\u70ed<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u5e94\u60c5\u51b5 \u7206\u70b8 \u5f3a\u5149\u7167\u5c04\u65f6\u7206\u70b8 \u7f13\u6162\u5316\u5408 \u7f13\u6162\u5316\u5408\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u7684 HI \u540c\u65f6\u5206\u89e3<\/p>\n<p>\u4ea7\u751f\u5364\u5316\u6c22\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027 HF \uff1e HCl \uff1e HBr \uff1e HI<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u5364\u7d20\u5355\u8d28\u4e0e\u6c34\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2460 2F2 + 2H2O \uff1d 4HF + O2( \u7f6e\u6362\u53cd\u5e94 )<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5c06 F2 \u901a\u5165\u67d0\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c F2 \u5148\u8ddf H2O \u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u5982\u5c06 F2 \u901a\u5165 NaCl \u7684\u6c34<\/p>\n<p>\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53d1\u751f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461 X2 + H2O = HX + HXO (X \uff1d C1 \u3001 Br \u3001 I) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u5364\u7d20\u5355\u8d28\u95f4\u7684\u7f6e\u6362\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>2NaBr + C12( \u65b0\u5236\u3001\u9971\u548c ) = 2NaCl + Br2 2Br \uff0d + C12 = 2C1 \uff0d + Br2<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u52a0\u5165 CCl4 \u5e76\u632f\u8361\u540e\uff0c\u6db2\u4f53\u5206\u5c42\uff0e\u4e0a\u5c42\u4e3a\u542b\u6709 NaCl \u7684\u6c34\u5c42\uff0c\u65e0\u8272\uff1b\u4e0b\u5c42\u4e3a\u6eb6<\/p>\n<p>\u6709 Br2 \u7684 CCl4 \u5c42\uff0c\u663e\u6a59\u8272\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>2NaI + C12( \u65b0\u5236\u3001\u9971\u548c ) \uff1d 2NaCl + I2 2I \uff0d + Cl2 \uff1d 2C1 \uff0d + I2<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u2460\u52a0\u5165 CCl4 \u5e76\u632f\u8361\u540e\uff0c\u6db2\u4f53\u5206\u5c42\uff0e\u4e0a\u5c42\u4e3a\u542b\u6709 NaI \u7684\u6c34\u5c42\uff0c\u65e0\u8272\uff1b\u4e0b\u5c42\u4e3a<\/p>\n<p>\u6eb6\u6709 I2 \u7684 CCl4 \u5c42\uff0c\u663e\u7d2b\u7ea2\u8272\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5c06\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u52a0\u70ed\u84b8\u5e72\u707c\u70e7\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u7684 I2 \u5347\u534e\uff0c\u6545\u6b8b\u7559\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u4e3a NaCl(C12 \u8db3<\/p>\n<p>\u91cf\u65f6 ) \u6216 NaCl \u548c NaI \u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269 (C12 \u4e0d\u8db3\u91cf\u65f6 ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>2NaI + Br2 \uff1d 2NaBr + I2 2I \uff0d + Br2 \uff1d 2Br \uff0d + I2<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u2460\u52a0\u5165 CCl4 \u5e76\u632f\u8361\u540e\uff0c\u6db2\u4f53\u5206\u5c42\uff0e\u4e0a\u5c42\u4e3a\u542b\u6709 NaBr \u7684\u6c34\u5c42\uff0c\u65e0\u8272\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c42\u4e3a<\/p>\n<p>\u6eb6\u6709 I2 \u7684 CCl4 \u5c42\uff0c\u663e\u7d2b\u7ea2\u8272\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5c06\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u52a0\u70ed\u84b8\u5e72\u707c\u70e7\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u7684 I2 \u5347\u534e\uff0c\u6545\u6b8b\u7559\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u4e3a NaBr(Br2 \u8db3<\/p>\n<p>\u91cf\u65f6 ) \u6216 NaBr \u548c NaI(Br2 \u4e0d\u8db3\u91cf\u65f6 ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>F2 + NaX( \u7194\u878d ) \uff1d 2NaF + X2 (X \uff1d C1 \u3001 Br \u3001 I)<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f \u5c06 F2 \u901a\u5165\u542b Cl \uff0d\u3001 Br \uff0d\u6216 I \uff0d\u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u5364\u7d20\u95f4\u7684\u7f6e\u6362\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u662f F2 \u4e0e H2O \u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(5) \u7898\u5355\u8d28 (I2) \u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7279\u6027\uff0e I2 + \u6dc0\u7c89\u6eb6\u6db2 \u2192 \u84dd\u8272\u6eb6\u6db2<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u2460\u5229\u7528\u7898\u9047\u6dc0\u7c89\u53d8\u84dd\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c I2 \u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u53ea\u6709\u5355\u8d28\u7898 (I2) \u9047\u6dc0\u7c89\u624d\u663e\u84dd\u8272\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4ef7\u6001\u7684\u7898\u65e0\u6b64\u6027\u8d28\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5411 NaI \u6eb6\u6db2<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u6ef4\u52a0\u6dc0\u7c89\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u989c\u8272\u65e0\u53d8\u5316\uff0e\u82e5\u518d\u6ef4\u52a0\u65b0\u5236\u6c2f\u6c34\uff0c\u56e0\u6709 I2 \u88ab\u7f6e\u6362\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u65f6<\/p>\n<p>\u6eb6\u6db2\u663e\u84dd\u8272\uff0e[ \u53ef\u9006\u53cd\u5e94 ] \u5411\u751f\u6210\u7269\u65b9\u5411\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u53eb\u6b63\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b\u5411\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u65b9\u5411\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u53eb\u9006\u53cd<\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\uff0e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u5411\u6b63\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u5411\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u80fd\u5411\u9006\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u5411\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u53eb\u505a\u53ef\u9006\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e (1) \u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u5426\u662f\u53ef\u9006\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u2460\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6b63\u3001\u9006\u53cd\u5e94\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\uff0e\u5982 H2 + I22HI \uff0c\u751f\u6210\u7684 HI \u5728\u6301\u7eed\u52a0\u70ed\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u540c\u65f6\u5206\u89e3\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u6545\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u4e3a\u53ef\u9006\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u800c\u5982\uff1a 2H2 + O2 2H2O 2H2O 2H2 \u2191 + O2 \u2191 \u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\u5c31\u4e0d<\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u53ef\u9006\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u5728\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u53ef\u9006\u7b26\u53f7\u201c\u201d\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u9006\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5364\u5316\u94f6 ]<\/p>\n<p>AgF AgCl AgBr AgI<\/p>\n<p>\u989c \u8272 \u767d\u8272 \u767d\u8272 \u6d45\u9ec4\u8272 \u9ec4\u8272<\/p>\n<p>\u9010 \u6e10 \u52a0 \u6df1<\/p>\n<p>\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027 \u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34 \u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u4e5f\u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u7a00 HNO3<\/p>\n<p>\u611f\u5149\u6027 \u89c1\u5149\u5206\u89e3\uff1a 2AgX 2Ag + X2 (X \uff1d Cl \u3001 Br \u3001 I)<\/p>\n<p>\u7528 \u9014 \u2460\u68c0\u9a8c X \uff0d\uff1a Ag \uff0b + X \uff0d\uff1d AgX \u2193 ( \u8bd5\u5242\u4e3a AgNO3 \u6eb6\u6db2\u548c\u7a00 HNO3)<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5236\u4f5c\u611f\u5149\u6750\u6599 ( \u5e38\u7528 AgBr) \u2462 AgI \u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u964d\u96e8<\/p>\n<p>[ \u7898\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269 ] \u7898\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6709 KIO3( \u7898\u9178\u94be ) \u3001 KI \u7b49\uff0e\u4eba\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u7898\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7532\u72b6<\/p>\n<p>\u817a\u5185\uff0c\u4eba\u4f53\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u7898\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u60a3\u7532\u72b6\u817a\u80bf\u75c7 ( \u5927\u8116\u5b50\u75c5 ) \uff0e\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u7898\u7f3a\u4e4f\u75c5\uff0c\u6700\u4e3a\u65b9<\/p>\n<p>\u4fbf\u3001\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u98df\u7528\u52a0\u7898\u76d0\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u662f\u7898\u9178\u94be\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>3 \uff0e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u539f\u7406\uff1a\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5404\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u8ba1\u91cf\u6570\u4e4b\u6bd4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u5404\u7269\u8d28\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u5fae\u7c92\u6570\u4e4b\u6bd4\uff1b\u2461\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u4e4b\u6bd4\uff1b\u2462\u540c\u6e29\u3001\u540c\u538b\u4e0b\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u4e4b\u6bd4\uff1b\u2463\u5e76\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97<\/p>\n<p>\u8d28\u91cf\u4e4b\u6bd4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2CO \uff0b O2 \uff1d 2CO2<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5b66\u8ba1\u91cf\u6570\u6bd4 2 \u2236 1 \u2236 2<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6bd4 2mol \u2236 1mol \u2236 2mol<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6e29\u3001\u540c\u538b\u4e0b\u6c14\u4f53\u4f53\u79ef\u6bd4 2 \u4f53\u79ef \u2236 1 \u4f53\u79ef \u2236 2 \u4f53\u79ef<\/p>\n<p>\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u6bd4 2 \u00d7 22.4L \u2236 1 \u00d7 22.4L \u2236 2 \u00d7 22.4L\u8d28\u91cf\u6bd4 2 \u00d7 28g \u2236 1 \u00d7 32g \u2236 2 \u00d7 44g<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u6ce8\u610f\u70b9\uff1a\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u8981\u4fdd<\/p>\n<p>\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u8981\u76f8\u4e92\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u5373\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8981\u201c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u5de6\u53f3<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u5f53\u201d\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u89c4\u5f8b\u5927\u5168<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784 \u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u5f8b<\/p>\n<p>1 \uff0e\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6838\u7535\u8377\u6570\u3001\u6838\u5185\u8d28\u5b50\u6570\u53ca\u6838\u5916\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u7684\u5173\u7cfb ] \u6838\u7535\u8377\u6570\uff1d\u6838\u5185\u8d28\u5b50\u6570\uff1d\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5916<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u5b50\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a (1) \u9634\u79bb\u5b50\uff1a\u6838\u5916\u7535\u5b50\u6570\uff1d\u8d28\u5b50\u6570\uff0b\u6240\u5e26\u7684\u7535\u8377\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\uff1a\u6838\u5916\u7535\u5b50\u6570\uff1d\u8d28\u5b50\u6570\uff0d\u6240\u5e26\u7684\u7535\u8377\u6570<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u201c\u6838\u7535\u8377\u6570\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u7535\u8377\u6570\u201d\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5982 Cl \uff0d\u7684\u6838\u7535\u8377\u6570\u4e3a 17 \uff0c\u7535\u8377\u6570\u4e3a 1 \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u8d28\u91cf\u6570 ] \u7528\u7b26\u53f7 A \u8868\u793a\uff0e\u5c06\u67d0\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8d28\u5b50\u548c\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8d28\u91cf\u53d6\u8fd1\u4f3c<\/p>\n<p>\u6574\u6570\u503c\u76f8\u52a0\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u8be5\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u6570\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e (1) \u8d28\u91cf\u6570 (A) \u3001\u8d28\u5b50\u6570 (Z) \u3001\u4e2d\u5b50\u6570 (N) \u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a A \uff1d Z + N \uff0e (2) \u7b26\u53f7 X<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5143\u7d20\u7b26\u53f7\u4e3a X \uff0c\u8d28\u91cf\u6570\u4e3a A \uff0c\u6838\u7535\u8377\u6570 ( \u8d28\u5b50\u6570 ) \u4e3a Z \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c Na \u4e2d\uff0c Na \u539f\u5b50\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u6570\u4e3a 23 \u3001\u8d28\u5b50\u6570\u4e3a 11 \u3001\u4e2d\u5b50\u6570\u4e3a 12 \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5916\u7535\u5b50\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7279\u5f81 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u5f53\u7535\u5b50\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5916\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u4f5c\u9ad8\u901f\u8fd0\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u51c6<\/p>\n<p>\u786e\u5730\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7535\u5b50\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u6240\u5904\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u63cf\u7ed8\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u8f68<\/p>\n<p>\u8ff9\uff0e\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u6838\u5916\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u6307\u51fa\u5b83\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u67d0\u5904\u51fa\u73b0\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u591a\u5c11\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u63cf\u8ff0\u7535\u5b50\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u67d0\u5904\u51fa\u73b0\u51e0\u7387\u591a\u5c11\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u7535\u5b50\u4e91\uff0e\u7535\u5b50\u4e91\u56fe\u4e2d<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u5c0f\u9ed1\u70b9\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u7535\u5b50\u6570\uff0c\u53ea\u8868\u793a\u7535\u5b50\u5728\u6838\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u51e0\u7387\uff0e\u7535\u5b50\u4e91\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u5728\u6838\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u5355\u4f4d\u4f53\u79ef\u5185\u51fa\u73b0\u51e0\u7387\u7684\u591a\u5c11\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u5728\u901a\u5e38\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4e91\u5448\u7403\u5f62\u5bf9\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u79bb\u6838\u8d8a\u8fd1\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7535\u5b50\u4e91\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8d8a<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\uff0c\u79bb\u6838\u8d8a\u8fdc\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7535\u5b50\u4e91\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5916\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u6392\u5e03\u89c4\u5f8b ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u5728\u591a\u7535\u5b50\u539f\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u662f\u5206\u5c42\u6392\u5e03\u7684\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u6570\uff08 n \uff09 1 2 3 4 5 6 7<\/p>\n<p>\u8868\u793a\u7b26\u53f7 K L M N O P Q \u79bb\u6838\u8fdc\u8fd1\u80fd\u91cf\u9ad8\u4f4e n \u503c\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u79bb\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u8d8a\u8fdc\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8d8a\u9ad8<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u4f4e\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u7535\u5b50\u603b\u662f\u5c3d\u5148\u6392\u5e03\u5728\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u91cc\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u4f4e<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u6392\u6ee1\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u4f9d\u6b21\u8fdb\u5165\u80fd\u91cf\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u4e2d\uff0e\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5728\u6392\u5e03\u65f6\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>K \u2192 L \u2192 M \u2026\u2026<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u5404\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u89c4\u5f8b\uff1a\u2460\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u6700\u591a\u5bb9\u7eb3 2n2 \u4e2a\u7535\u5b50 (n \uff1d 1 \u3001<\/p>\n<p>2 \u2026\u2026 ) \uff0e\u2461\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u2264 8 \u4e2a (K \u5c42\u4e3a\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u65f6\u2264 2 \u4e2a ) \uff0c\u6b21\u5916\u5c42\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7684\u7535<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\u6570\u2264 18 \u4e2a\uff0c\u5012\u6570\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u2264 32 \u4e2a\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5f53 M \u5c42\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u65f6\uff0c\u6700<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u6392\u5e03\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u00d7 32 \uff1d 18 \u4e2a\uff1b\u800c\u5f53\u5b83\u662f\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u6392\u5e03 8 \u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u539f\u5b50\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u4e2d\u6709 8 \u4e2a\u7535\u5b50 ( \u6700\u5916\u5c42\u4e3a K \u5c42\u65f6\u6709 2 \u4e2a\u7535\u5b50 ) \u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2a\u89c4\u5f8b\u53eb\u201c\u516b\u9685\u5f8b\u201d\uff0e\u4f46\u5982 PCl5 \u4e2d\u7684 P \u539f\u5b50\u3001 BeCl2 \u4e2d\u7684 Be \u539f\u5b50\u3001 XeF4 \u4e2d\u7684 Xe \u539f<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u201c\u516b\u9685\u5f8b\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u4e5f\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>2 \uff0e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u5f8b<\/p>\n<p>[ \u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570 ] \u6309\u6838\u7535\u8377\u6570\u7531\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u7ed9\u5143\u7d20\u7f16\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\uff1d\u6838\u7535\u8377\u6570\uff1d\u8d28\u5b50\u6570\uff1d\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6838\u5916\u7535\u5b50\u6570<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u7535\u5b50\u6392\u5e03\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u534a\u5f84\u548c\u5143\u7d20\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b ]<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u6570\u76f8\u540c\uff08\u540c\u5468\u671f\uff09\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\u7684\u9012\u589e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u6700\u5916\u5c42\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u9012\u589e\u81f3 8 \u4e2a (K \u5c42\u4e3a\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u9012\u589e\u81f3 2 \u4e2a ) \u800c\u5448<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5468\u671f\u6027\u53d8\u5316\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5b50\u534a\u5f84\u4ece\u5927\u81f3\u5c0f\u800c\u5448\u73b0\u5468\u671f\u6027\u53d8\u5316 ( \u6ce8\uff1a\u7a00\u6709\u6c14\u4f53\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u534a\u5f84\u56e0\u6d4b<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9a\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8be5\u5468\u671f\u4e2d\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684 ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u6b63\u4ef7\u4ece +1 \u4ef7\u9012\u589e\u81f3 +5 \u4ef7 ( \u6216 +7 \u4ef7 ) \uff0c\u8d1f\u4ef7\u4ece\uff0d 4 \u4ef7\u9012\u589e\u81f3\uff0d 1<\/p>\n<p>\u4ef7\u518d\u81f3 0 \u4ef7\u800c\u5448\u5468\u671f\u6027\u53d8\u5316\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\uff3b\u5143\u7d20\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u5f3a\u5f31\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e\uff3d<\/p>\n<p>\u5143\u7d20\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u5f3a\u5f31\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e\uff1a\u2460\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28\u8ddf\u6c34 ( \u6216\u9178 ) \u53cd\u5e94\u7f6e\u6362\u51fa\u6c22\u7684\u96be\u6613\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>\u5ea6\uff0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28\u8ddf\u6c34 ( \u6216\u9178 ) \u53cd\u5e94\u7f6e\u6362\u51fa\u6c22\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u5219\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u8d8a<\/p>\n<p>\u5f31\uff0e\u2461\u6700\u9ad8\u4ef7\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6c34\u5316\u7269\u2014\u2014\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u7684\u78b1\u6027\u5f3a\u5f31\uff0e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u7684\u78b1\u6027\u8d8a<\/p>\n<p>\u5f3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u8d8a\u5f31\uff0e\u2462\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u5bf9<\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u8d8a\u5f31\uff0e\uff08\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u7f6e\u6362\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5143\u7d20\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u5f3a\u5f31\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e\uff1a\u2460\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28\u8ddf\u6c22\u6c14\u5316\u5408\u7684\u96be\u6613\u7a0b\u5ea6 ( \u6216\u751f\u6210\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027 ) \uff0c\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28\u8ddf\u6c22\u6c14\u5316\u5408\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613 ( \u6216\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u8d8a\u7a33\u5b9a ) \uff0c\u5143<\/p>\n<p>\u7d20\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u8d8a\u5f31\uff0e\u2461\u6700\u9ad8\u4ef7\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6c34\u5316\u7269 ( \u5373\u6700\u9ad8\u4ef7\u542b\u6c27\u9178 )<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u9178\u6027\u5f3a\u5f31\uff0e\u6700\u9ad8\u4ef7\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u7684\u9178\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u8d8a\u5f31\uff0e\u2462\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u5355\u8d28\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u53cd<\/p>\n<p>\u4e4b\u8d8a\u5f31\uff0e\uff08\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u76f8\u4e92\u7f6e\u6362\uff09<\/p>\n<p>[ \u4e24\u6027\u6c27\u5316\u7269 ] \u65e2\u80fd\u8ddf\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u76d0\u548c\u6c34\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u8ddf\u78b1\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u76d0\u548c\u6c34\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u53eb<\/p>\n<p>\u505a\u4e24\u6027\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff0e\u5982 A12O3 \u4e0e\u76d0\u9178\u3001 NaOH \u6eb6\u6db2\u90fd\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a A12O3+6H \uff0b\uff1d<\/p>\n<p>2A13 \uff0b +3H2O A12O3+2OH \uff0d\uff1d 2A1O2 \uff0d +H2O<\/p>\n<p>[ \u4e24\u6027\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u7269 ] \u65e2\u80fd\u8ddf\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\u53c8\u80fd\u8ddf\u78b1\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u4e24\u6027\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff0e\u5982<\/p>\n<p>A1(OH)3 \u4e0e\u76d0\u9178\u3001 NaOH \u6eb6\u6db2\u90fd\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a Al(OH)3+3H \uff0b\uff1d 2A13 \uff0b +3H2O<\/p>\n<p>A1(OH)3+OH \uff0d\uff1d A1O2 \uff0d +2H2O<\/p>\n<p>[ \u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\u4e3a 11 \u2014 17 \u53f7\u4e3b\u65cf\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u9012\u53d8\u89c4\u5f8b ]<\/p>\n<p>Na Mg Al Si P S Cl<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570 11 12 13 14 15 16 17<\/p>\n<p>\u5355\u8d28\u4e0e\u6c34 ( \u6216\u9178 )<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u60c5\u51b5 \u4e0e\u51b7\u6c34\u5267\u70c8\u53cd\u5e94 \u4e0e\u51b7\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u4e0e\u6cb8\u6c34\u5267\u70c8\u53cd\u5e94 \u4e0e\u6cb8\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\u5f88\u7f13<\/p>\n<p>\u6162\uff0c\u4e0e\u51b7\u6c34\u4e0d\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c \u90e8\u5206\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c14\u5316\u5408\u60c5\u51b5 \u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u6761\u4ef6 \u9ad8\u6e29 \u78f7\u84b8\u6c7d\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c14\u80fd\u53cd\u5e94 \u52a0\u70ed \u5149\u7167\u6216\u70b9\u71c3<\/p>\n<p>\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027 SiH4<\/p>\n<p>\u6781\u4e0d<\/p>\n<p>\u7a33\u5b9a PH3<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u6e29<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u89e3 H2S<\/p>\n<p>\u53d7\u70ed<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u89e3 HCl<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u7a33\u5b9a<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u9ad8\u4ef7\u6c27\u5316\u7269<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u5e94\u6c34\u5316\u7269<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u78b1 ( \u9178 ) \u6027\u5f3a\u5f31 NaOH<\/p>\n<p>\u5f3a\u78b1 Mg(OH)2<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u5f3a\u78b1 Al(OH)3\u6216 H3AlO3 \u4e24\u6027\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u7269 H4SiO4<\/p>\n<p>\u6781\u5f31\u9178 H3PO4<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u5f3a\u9178 H2SO4<\/p>\n<p>\u5f3a\u9178 HClO4<\/p>\n<p>\u5f3a\u9178<\/p>\n<p>\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u9012\u53d8\u89c4\u5f8b \u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5f31\u3001\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u5f3a<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u5f8b ] \u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u968f\u7740\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\u7684\u9012\u589e\u800c\u5448\u5468\u671f\u6027\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5f8b\u53eb\u505a\u5143<\/p>\n<p>\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u5f8b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>3 \uff0e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868 ] \u628a\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6309\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\u9012\u589e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u6392\u6210<\/p>\n<p>\u6a2a\u884c\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u4e0d\u540c\u6a2a\u884c\u4e2d\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6309\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u6570\u9012\u589e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u7531\u4e0a\u81f3\u4e0b<\/p>\n<p>\u6392\u6210\u7eb5\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u53eb\u505a\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5468\u671f ] \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6309\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\u9012\u589e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u800c\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a2a\u884c\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u53eb\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5468\u671f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u5171\u6709 7 \u4e2a\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u5176\u5206\u7c7b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u77ed\u5468\u671f (3 \u4e2a ) \uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542b\u6709 2 \u3001 8 \u3001 8 \u79cd\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n<p>\u5468\u671f\uff08 7 \u4e2a\uff09 \u957f\u5468\u671f (3 \u4e2a ) \uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u7b2c\u56db\u3001\u4e94\u3001\u516d\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u542b\u6709 18 \u3001 18 \u3001 32<\/p>\n<p>\u79cd\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5468\u671f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e03\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u5171 26 \u79cd\u5143\u7d20 (1999 \u5e74\u53c8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86 114 \u3001 116 \u3001 118 \u53f7\u4e09<\/p>\n<p>\u79cd\u5143\u7d20 )<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u67d0\u4e3b\u65cf\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u6570\uff1d\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6570\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u7b2c\u516d\u5468\u671f\u4e2d\u7684 57 \u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u9567 (La) \u5230 71 \u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u9565 (Lu) \u5171 15 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\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u53ea\u542b\u6709\u77ed\u5468\u671f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65cf\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u526f\u65cf\uff0e\u7528\u7b26\u53f7\u201c B \u201d\u8868\u793a\uff0e\u526f\u65cf\u6709 7 \u4e2a\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a I<\/p>\n<p>B \u3001\u2161 B \u3001\u2162 B \u3001\u2163 B \u3001 VB \u3001\u2165 B \u3001\u2166 B \u65cf ( \u5206\u522b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u7684\u7b2c<\/p>\n<p>11 \u3001 12 \u3001 3 \u3001 4 \u3001 5 \u3001 6 \u3001 7 \u7eb5\u884c ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u5728\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c 8 \u3001 9 \u3001 10 \u7eb5\u884c\u5171 12 \u79cd\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u2167\u65cf\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u7a00\u6709\u6c14\u4f53\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u5f88\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ee5\u5355\u8d28\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u4e3a<\/p>\n<p>0 \uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a 0 \u65cf ( \u4f4d\u4e8e\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u7684\u7b2c 18 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\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\u4e3a\u5947\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u5947\u6570\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u6709\u5947\u6570\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5904\u4e8e\u5947\u6570\u65cf\uff0e\u5982\u6c2f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\u4e3a 17 \uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u6709\uff0d 1 \u3001 +1 \u3001 +3 \u3001 +5 \u3001<\/p>\n<p>+7 \u4ef7\uff0c\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u6709 7 \u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u6c2f\u5143\u7d20\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7b2c\u2166 A \u65cf\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\u4e3a\u5076\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u5076\u6570\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u6709\u5076\u6570\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5904\u4e8e\u5076\u6570\u65cf\uff0e\u5982\u786b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\u4e3a 16 \uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u6709\uff0d 2 \u3001 +4 \u3001 +6 \u4ef7\uff0c\u6700\u5916<\/p>\n<p>\u5c42\u6709 6 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\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u5bf9\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u201d\u3001\u201c\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u201d\u3001\u201c\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u6570\u201d\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u201d\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8fa8\u6790\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u5f8b\u548c\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u7684\u610f\u4e49 ]<\/p>\n<p>1869 \u5e74\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u95e8\u6377\u5217\u592b\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u5f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u7f16\u5236\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u5f20\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f<\/p>\n<p>\u8868\uff0e\u5230 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u5f8b\u548c\u5468\u671f\u8868\u624d\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0e(1) 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\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u5f8b\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u529b\u5730\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u7269\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\u91cf\u53d8\u5f15\u8d77\u8d28\u53d8\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>4 \uff0e\u5316\u5b66\u952e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u79bb\u5b50\u952e ] \u4f7f\u9634\u3001\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u7ed3\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u9759\u7535\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u79bb\u5b50\u952e\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e (1) \u9634\u3001\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u95f4\u7684\u9759\u7535\u4f5c\u7528\u5305\u62ec\u9759\u7535\u6392\u65a5\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u5438\u5f15\u4f5c\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u9634\u3001\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u8fc7\u9759\u7535\u4f5c\u7528\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u79bb\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u7535\u5b50\u5f0f ] \u5728\u5143\u7d20\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u5468\u56f4\u7528\u5c0f\u9ed1\u70b9 ( \u00b7\u6216\u00d7 ) 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\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5f0f\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>b \uff0e\u7531\u539f\u5b50\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4e0e\u7531\u9634\u3001\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u6784\u6210\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0e\u5982\uff1a HCl \u3001<\/p>\n<p>NaCl<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\uff0e\u7528\u77ed\u7ebf ( \u4e00\u6839\u77ed\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u5bf9\u5171\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9 ) \u5c06\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u5404\u539f\u5b50\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u6240\u542b\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6392\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u7ed3\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0e\u5982 H \uff0d C1 \u3001 N \u2261 N \u3001 O \uff1d C \uff1d O<\/p>\n<p>\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u5171\u4ef7\u952e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\u65e2\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7531\u539f\u5b50\u76f4\u63a5\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5355\u8d28\u5206\u5b50\uff08 H2 \u3001 N2 \uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6216\u5171\u4ef7\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5206\u5b50\uff08 H2O \u3001 CH4 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\u79bb\u5b50\u952e\u3001\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5316\u5b66\u952e\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u65e7\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u7684\u65ad\u88c2\u548c\u65b0\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>5 \uff0e\u975e\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>[ \u975e\u6781\u6027\u952e ] \u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5b50\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u5982 C12 \u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684 Cl \uff0d C1 \u952e\u5373\u4e3a\u975e\u6781\u6027\u952e\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u975e\u6781\u6027\u952e\u662f\u975e\u6781\u6027\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\u7684\u7b80\u79f0\uff0e\u975e\u6781\u6027\u952e\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u540c\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6781\u6027\u952e ] \u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5b50\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u5982 HCl \u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684 H \uff0d C1 \u952e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6781\u6027\u952e\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u6781\u6027\u952e\u662f\u6781\u6027\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\u7684\u7b80\u79f0\uff0e\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\u90fd\u5c5e<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8e\u6781\u6027\u952e\uff0e[ \u975e\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50 ] \u6307\u6574\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7535\u8377\u5206\u5e03\u5747\u5300\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u5206\u5b50\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u5982 H2 \u3001 O2 \u3001 N2 \u7b49\u5355\u8d28\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca CO2 \u3001 CH4 \u7b49\u5747\u5c5e\u4e8e\u975e\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50 ] \u6307\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u8377\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u5206\u5b50\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u5982 H2O \u3001 H2S \u3001 HCl \u5206\u5b50\u7b49\u5747\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u952e\u7684\u6781\u6027\u4e0e\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6781\u6027 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u952e\u7684\u6781\u6027 \u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6781\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u7c7b \u6781\u6027\u952e\u548c\u975e\u6781\u6027\u952e \u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u975e\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20 \u662f\u5426\u7531\u540c\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5f62\u6210 \u5206\u5b50\u5185\u7535\u8377\u5206\u5e03\u662f\u5426\u5747\u5300\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5426<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u79f0<\/p>\n<p>\u8054\u7cfb \u2460\u4ee5\u975e\u6781\u6027\u952e\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u53cc\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u5fc5\u4e3a\u975e\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5982 H2 \u3001 C12 \u3001 N2 \u7b49<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u4ee5\u6781\u6027\u952e\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u53cc\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5982 HCl \u3001 CO \u7b49<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u4ee5\u6781\u6027\u952e\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u8fd8\u662f\u975e\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7136\u540e\u786e\u5b9a\uff0e\u5982 H2O \u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u201c\u2227\u201d\u578b\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6781\u6027\u5206<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\uff1b\u800c CO2 \u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u76f4\u7ebf\u5f62\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u975e\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u952e\u6709\u6781\u6027\uff1b\u5206\u5b50\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u6781\u6027<\/p>\n<p>ABn \u578b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6781\u6027\u7684\u7b80\u6613\u5224\u65ad\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u82e5 ABn \u4e2d A \u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e A \u5143\u7d20\u6240\u5728\u65cf\u7684\u5e8f\u6570\uff0c\u5219 ABn \u4e3a\u975e\u6781\u6027\u5206<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c CO2 \u5206\u5b50\u4e2d C \u5143\u7d20\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u4e3a +4 \u4ef7\uff0c C \u5143\u7d20\u5c5e\u4e8e\u2163 A \u65cf\uff0c\u6545 CO2 \u5206\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u975e\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50\uff1b CCl4 \u5206\u5b50\u4e2d C \u5143\u7d20\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u4e3a +4 \u4ef7\uff0c C \u5143\u7d20\u5c5e\u4e8e\u2163 A \u65cf\uff0c\u6545 CCl4<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u5b50\u4e3a\u975e\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u82e5 ABn \u4e2d A \u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u6570\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e A \u5143\u7d20\u6240\u5728\u65cf\u7684\u5e8f\u6570\uff0c\u5219 ABn \u4e3a\u6781\u6027\u5206<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c H2O \u5206\u5b50\u4e2d O \u5143\u7d20\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u4e3a\uff0d 2 \u4ef7\uff0c O \u5143\u7d20\u5c5e\u4e8e\u2165 A \u65cf\uff0c\u6545 H2O \u5206\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50\uff1b NH3 \u5206\u5b50\u4e2d N \u5143\u7d20\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u4e3a\uff0d 3 \u4ef7\uff0c N \u5143\u7d20\u5c5e\u4e8e\u2164 A \u65cf\uff0c\u6545 NH3<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u5b50\u4e3a\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u4f5c\u7528\u529b ] \u6307\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4e0e\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e (1) \u8377\u5170\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8303\u5fb7\u534e\u9996\u5148\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u53c8\u53eb\u8303<\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u534e\u529b\uff1b (2) \u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u8981\u6bd4\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u5f31\u5f97\u591a\uff1b (3) \u5316\u5b66\u952e\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff1b\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5bf9\u7531\u5206\u5b50\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\u5982\u7194\u70b9\u3001\u6cb8\u70b9\u3001\u6eb6\u89e3<\/p>\n<p>\u5ea6\u7b49\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u89c4\u5f8b\u5927\u5168\u2014\u2014\u786b\u548c\u786b\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269 \u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4<\/p>\n<p>1 \uff0e\u6c27\u65cf\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6c27\u65cf\u5143\u7d20 ] \u5305\u62ec\u6c27\uff08 8O) \u3001\u786b (16S) \u3001\u7852 (34Se) \u3001\u78b2 (52Te) \u548c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u948b<\/p>\n<p>(84Po) \uff0e\u6c27\u65cf\u5143\u7d20\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u7b2c\u2165 A \u65cf\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6c27\u65cf\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff1a\u2460\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u5747\u4e3a 6 \u4e2a\uff1b\u2461\u4e3b\u8981\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\uff1a\u6c27\u4e3a\uff0d 2 \u4ef7\uff0c\u786b\u3001\u7852\u3001\u78b2<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\uff0d 2 \u3001 +4 \u3001 +6 \u4ef7\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u9012\u53d8\u89c4\u5f8b\uff1a\u6309\u6c27\u3001\u786b\u3001\u7852\u3001\u78b2\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6838\u7535\u8377\u6570\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u6570\u589e\u591a\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u5b50\u534a\u5f84\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u5931\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u529b\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u529b\u51cf\u5f31\uff0c\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u51cf\u5f31\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u589e\u5f3a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6c27\u65cf\u5143\u7d20\u5355\u8d28\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28 ]<\/p>\n<p>O2 S Se Te<\/p>\n<p>\u989c \u8272 \u65e0\u8272 \u9ec4\u8272 \u7070\u8272 \u94f6\u767d\u8272<\/p>\n<p>\u72b6 \u6001 \u6c14\u4f53 \u56fa\u4f53 \u56fa\u4f53 \u56fa\u4f53<\/p>\n<p>\u5bc6\u5ea6 \u9010\u6e10\u589e\u5927<\/p>\n<p>\u7194\u70b9\u3001\u6cb8\u70b9 \u9010\u6e10\u5347\u9ad8<\/p>\n<p>\u5bfc\u7535\u6027 \u4e0d\u5bfc\u7535 \u4e0d\u5bfc\u7535 \u534a\u5bfc\u4f53 \u5bfc\u7535<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6c27\u65cf\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28 ]<\/p>\n<p>O2 S Se Te<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e H2 \u5316\u5408\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u53ca\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027 \u53cd\u5e94\u6761\u4ef6 \u70b9\u71c3 \u52a0\u70ed \u9ad8\u6e29 \u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5316\u5408<\/p>\n<p>\u6c22\u5316\u7269<\/p>\n<p>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027 H2O \u5f88\u7a33\u5b9a H2S \u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a H2Se \u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a H2Te<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f SO2 \u3001 SO3 SeO2 \u3001 SeO3 TeO2 \u3001 TeO3<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u4ef7\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f H2SO4 H2SeO4 H2TeO4<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u540c\u5468\u671f\u2163 A \u3001 VA \u3001\u2166 A \u65cf\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u5f3a\u5f31\u6bd4\u8f83 \u540c\u5468\u671f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2163 A \uff1c VA \uff1c\u2165 A \uff1c\u2166 A<\/p>\n<p>[ \u540c\u7d20\u5f02\u5f62\u4f53 ] \u7531\u540c\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5355\u8d28\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u540c\u7d20\u5f02\u5f62<\/p>\n<p>\u4f53\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c O2 \u4e0e O3 \uff0c\u91d1\u521a\u77f3\u3001\u77f3\u58a8\u4e0e C60 \uff0c\u767d\u78f7\u4e0e\u7ea2\u78f7\uff0c\u5747\u5206\u522b\u4e92\u4e3a\u540c\u7d20\u5f02\u5f62<\/p>\n<p>\u4f53\uff1b\u786b\u5143\u7d20\u4e5f\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u540c\u7d20\u5f02\u5f62\u4f53\uff0e\u6ce8\u610f \u201c\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u540c\u7d20\u5f02\u5f62\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0e\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u7d20<\/p>\n<p>\u5f02\u5f62\u4f53\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u5355\u8d28\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u81ed\u6c27 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u5728\u5e38\u6e29\u3001\u5e38\u538b\u4e0b\uff0c\u81ed\u6c27\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u81ed\u5473\u7684\u6de1\u84dd\u8272\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6bd4<\/p>\n<p>\u6c27\u6c14\u5927\uff0c\u4e5f\u6bd4\u6c27\u6c14\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0e\u6db2\u6001\u81ed\u6c27\u5448\u6df1\u84dd\u8272\uff0c\u56fa\u6001\u81ed\u6c27\u5448\u7d2b\u9ed1\u8272\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0e O3 \u5728\u5e38\u6e29\u65f6\u80fd\u7f13\u6162\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u9ad8\u6e29\u65f6\u5206\u89e3\u52a0\u901f\uff1a 2O3 =3O2 \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a a \uff0e Ag \u3001 Hg \u7b49\u4e0d\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\u80fd\u4e0e O3 \u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>b \uff0e O3+2KI+H2O \uff1d O2+I2+2KOH \uff0e ( \u6b64\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e O3 \u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790 )<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u7528\u9014\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u4f5c\u6f02\u767d\u5242\uff0e O3 \u80fd\u4f7f\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u8272\u7d20\u548c\u67d3\u6599\u892a\u8272 ( \u5176\u892a\u8272\u539f\u7406\u4e0e HClO \u7c7b\u4f3c ) \uff0e\u5982<\/p>\n<p>\u5c06 O3 \u901a\u5165\u77f3\u854a\u8bd5\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u53d8\u4e3a\u65e0\u8272\uff0e\u2461\u6d88\u6bd2\u5242\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u5236\u6cd5\uff1a 3O22O3<\/p>\n<p>(5) \u81ed\u6c27\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u5b58\u5728\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u81ed\u6c27\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 90 \uff05\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8ddd\u79bb\u5730\u9762 15 km \uff5e 50 km \u7684\u5927\u6c14<\/p>\n<p>\u5e73\u6d41\u5c42\u4e2d ( \u5373\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u81ed\u6c27\u5c42 ) \uff0e\u2461\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u91cf\u81ed\u6c27\u80fd\u523a\u6fc0\u4e2d<\/p>\n<p>\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u8840\u6db2\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u723d\u5feb\u548c\u632f\u594b\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0e\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u81ed\u6c27\u5c42\u80fd\u5438\u6536\u592a\u9633<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\uff0c\u4f7f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u514d\u906d\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0e\u4f46\u6c1f\u6c2f\u70c3 ( \u5546\u54c1\u540d\u4e3a\u6c1f\u5229\u6602 ) \u7b49\u6c14\u4f53<\/p>\n<p>\u80fd\u7834\u574f\u81ed\u6c27\u5c42\uff0e\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5e94\u51cf\u5c11\u5e76\u9010\u6b65\u505c\u6b62\u6c1f\u6c2f\u70c3\u7b49\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ed\u6c27\u5c42\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u6c22 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u6c22\u4fd7\u79f0\u53cc\u6c27\u6c34\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u8272\u7c98\u7a20\u6db2\u4f53\uff0e\u5e02\u552e\u53cc\u6c27\u6c34\u4e2d H2O2<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u4e00\u822c\u7ea6\u4e3a 30 \uff05\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460 H2O2 \u663e\u5f31\u9178\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u4e8c\u5143\u5f31\u9178\uff0e\u5176\u7535\u79bb\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>H2O2H \uff0b + HO2 \uff0d HO2 \uff0d H \uff0b + O22 \uff0d<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0e H2O2 \u8d2e\u5b58\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u5206\u89e3\uff0e\u5728\u5176\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165 MnO2 \u7b49\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u5206\u89e3<\/p>\n<p>\u901f\u5ea6\u5927\u5927\u52a0\u5feb\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>2H2O2 2H2O+O2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236 O2 \u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0e\u5176\u53d1\u751f\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e3a\u201c\u56fa + \u6db2\u4e0d\u52a0\u70ed\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u578b\uff0e \u2462 H2O2 \u65e2\u5177\u6709\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff0e H2O2 \u4e2d\u7684\u6c27\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\uff0d 1 \u4ef7\uff0c\u4ecb\u4e8e 0 \u4ef7\u4e0e<\/p>\n<p>\uff0d 2 \u4ef7\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5f53 H2O2 \u9047\u5230\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u5242\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\u65f6\u5219\u8868\u73b0<\/p>\n<p>\u51fa\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2KMnO4 + 5H2O2 + 3H2SO4 \uff1d K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 5O2 \u2191 + 8H2O (H2O2 \u8868\u73b0<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u539f\u6027 )<\/p>\n<p>H2O2 + 2KI \uff1d 2KOH + I2 (H2O2 \u8868\u73b0\u6c27\u5316\u6027 )<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u91cd\u8981\u7528\u9014\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u533b\u7597\u4e0a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7a00\u53cc\u6c27\u6c34 ( \u542b H2O2 \u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u4e3a 3 \uff05\u6216\u66f4\u5c0f ) \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d88\u6bd2\u6740\u83cc<\/p>\n<p>\u5242\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0a\u7528 10 \uff05\u7684\u53cc\u6c27\u6c34\u4f5c\u6f02\u767d\u5242 ( \u6f02\u767d\u6bdb\u3001\u4e1d\u53ca\u7fbd\u6bdb\u7b49 ) \u3001\u8131\u6c2f\u5242\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u53d6\u6c27\u6c14\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>*[ \u786b\u5316\u6c22 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u786b\u5316\u6c22\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u8272\u3001\u6709\u81ed\u9e21\u86cb\u6c14\u5473\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6bd4\u7a7a\u6c14\u5927\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u786b\u5316\u6c22\u6709\u5267\u6bd2\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5927\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\uff0e\u5728\u5236\u53d6\u548c\u4f7f\u7528 H2S \u6c14\u4f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5bc6\u95ed\u7cfb<\/p>\n<p>\u7edf\u5982\u901a\u98ce\u6a71\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u5728\u5e38\u6e29\u3001\u5e38\u538b\u4e0b\uff0c 1 \u4f53\u79ef\u6c34\u4e2d\u80fd\u6eb6\u89e3 2.6 \u4f53\u79ef\u7684\u786b\u5316\u6c22\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a H2S \u53d7\u70ed ( \u9694\u7edd\u7a7a\u6c14 ) \u80fd\u5206\u89e3\uff1a H2S H2 + S<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u53ef\u71c3\u6027\uff1a H2S \u6c14\u4f53\u80fd\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2H2S + 3O2( \u5145\u8db3 ) 2H2O + 2SO2 2H2S + O2( \u4e0d\u8db3 ) 2H2O + 2S<\/p>\n<p>( \u53d1\u51fa\u6de1\u84dd\u8272\u706b\u7130 ) ( \u6790\u51fa\u9ec4\u8272\u56fa\u4f53 )<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff1a H2S \u4e2d\u7684\u786b\u4e3a\uff0d 2 \u4ef7\uff0c\u5904\u5728\u6700\u4f4e\u4ef7\u6001\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u6c27\u5316\u5242\u65f6\uff0c\u786b\u88ab\u6c27\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a 0 \u4ef7\u3001 +4 \u4ef7\u6216 +6 \u4ef7\uff0e\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>H2S +X2 \uff1d 2HX + S \u2193 (X \uff1d Cl \u3001 Br \u3001 I)<\/p>\n<p>H2S + H2SO4( \u6d53 ) \uff1d S \u2193 + SO2 + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u663e\u5f31\u9178\u6027\uff0e\u786b\u5316\u6c22\u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u53eb\u6c22\u786b\u9178\uff0e\u6c22\u786b\u9178\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e8c\u5143\u5f31\u9178\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9178<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u901a\u6027\uff0e\u6c22\u786b\u9178\u6613\u6325\u53d1\uff0c\u5f53\u6c22\u786b\u9178\u53d7\u70ed\u65f6\uff0c\u786b\u5316\u6c22\u4f1a\u4ece\u6eb6\u6db2\u91cc\u9038\u51fa\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u6cd5\uff1a\u53cd\u5e94\u539f\u7406\uff1a FeS + 2H \uff0b\uff1d Fe2 \uff0b + H2S \u2191 ( \u56e0 H2S \u6709\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528 HNO3 \u6216<\/p>\n<p>\u6d53 H2SO4 \u5236\u53d6 H2S \u6c14\u4f53 ) \u53d1\u751f\u88c5\u7f6e\uff1a\u56fa + \u6db2 \u2192 \u6c14\u4f53\u578b\u88c5\u7f6e<\/p>\n<p>\u5e72\u71e5\u5242\uff1a\u7528 P2O5 \u6216 CaCl2( \u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6d53 H2SO4 \u6216\u78b1\u6027\u5e72\u71e5\u5242 ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>2 \uff0e\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b<\/p>\n<p>[ \u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u8272\u3001\u6709\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u6c14\u5473\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u6709\u6bd2\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6bd4\u7a7a\u6c14\u5927\uff0c\u6613\u6db2\u5316\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0e\u5728\u5e38\u6e29\u3001\u5e38\u538b\u4e0b\uff0c 1 \u4f53\u79ef\u6c34\u80fd\u6eb6\u89e3 40 \u4f53\u79ef\u7684 SO2 \u6c14\u4f53\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a SO2 + H2OH2SO3( \u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u4e3a\u53ef\u9006\u53cd\u5e94 )<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e a \uff0e\u5c06\u88c5\u6ee1 SO2 \u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u8bd5\u7ba1\u5012\u7acb\u5728\u6ef4\u6709\u7d2b\u8272\u77f3\u854a\u8bd5\u6db2\u7684\u6c34\u69fd\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u6c34\u5145\u6ee1\u8bd5\u7ba1\uff0c\u8bd5\u7ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\u53d8\u4e3a\u7ea2\u8272\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>b \uff0e\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u7684 H2SO3 \u4e3a\u4e8c\u5143\u4e2d\u5f3a\u9178\uff0c\u5f88\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6613\u5206\u89e3\uff1a H2SO3H2O + SO2<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a 2SO2 + O22SO3<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e a \uff0e\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0a\u5236\u9020\u786b\u9178\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u539f\u7406\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>b \uff0e\u53cd\u5e94\u4ea7\u7269 SO3 \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u8272\u56fa\u4f53\uff0c\u7194\u70b9 (16.8 \u2103 ) \u548c\u6cb8\u70b9 (44.8 \u2103 ) \u90fd\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0e SO3<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e H2O \u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210 H2SO4 \uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u653e\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u70ed\uff1a SO3 + H2O \uff1d H2SO4 + \u70ed\u91cf<\/p>\n<p>c \uff0e SO2 \u4e2d\u7684\u786b\u5904\u4e8e +4 \u4ef7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 SO2 \u65e2\u5177\u6709\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>SO2 + 2H2S \uff1d 3S + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p>SO2 + X2 + 2H2O \uff1d 2HX + H2SO4 (X \uff1d C1 \u3001 Br \u3001 I)<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u7684\u6f02\u767d\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e a \uff0e SO2 \u548c C12( \u6216 O3 \u3001 H2O2 \u3001 Na2O2 \u7b49 ) \u867d\u7136\u90fd\u6709\u6f02\u767d\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u6f02\u767d\u539f\u7406\u548c\u73b0\u8c61\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0e Cl2 \u7684\u6f02\u767d\u539f\u7406\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a C12 \u4e0e H2O \u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u7684<\/p>\n<p>HClO \u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u6027 (O3 \u3001 H2O2 \u3001 Na2O2 \u7b49\u4e0e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c ) \uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u8272\u7269\u8d28 ( \u5982\u6709\u8272\u5e03<\/p>\n<p>\u6761\u3001\u77f3\u854a\u8bd5\u6db2\u3001\u54c1\u7ea2\u8bd5\u6db2\u7b49 ) \u6c27\u5316\u6210\u65e0\u8272\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u892a\u8272\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u6062\u590d\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u989c\u8272\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u800c SO2 \u662f\u56e0\u5b83\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u7684 H2SO3 \u8ddf\u54c1\u7ea2\u5316\u5408\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u65e0\u8272\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b ( \u5982\u52a0\u70ed\u6216\u4e45\u7f6e ) \u892a\u8272\u540e\u53c8\u80fd\u6062\u590d\u539f\u6765\u7684\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u7528 SO2 \u6f02\u767d<\/p>\n<p>\u8fc7\u7684\u8349\u5e3d\u8fab\u65e5\u4e45\u53c8\u6e10\u6e10\u53d8\u6210\u9ec4\u8272\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f18\u6545\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>b \uff0e SO2 \u80fd\u4f7f\u6a59\u8272\u7684\u6eb4\u6c34\u3001\u9ec4\u7eff\u8272\u7684\u6c2f\u6c34\u3001\u7d2b\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u9178\u6027 KMnO4 \u6eb6\u6db2\u7b49\u892a\u8272\uff0c\u8fd9<\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a SO2 \u5177\u6709\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u4e0e SO2 \u7684\u6f02\u767d\u4f5c\u7528\u65e0\u5173\uff0ec \uff0e\u5229\u7528 SO2 \u6c14\u4f53\u4f7f\u54c1\u7ea2\u6eb6\u6db2\u892a\u8272\u3001\u52a0\u70ed\u540e\u7ea2\u8272\u53c8\u590d\u73b0\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c SO2 \u6c14<\/p>\n<p>\u4f53\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u9274\u522b SO2 \u6c14\u4f53\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u80fd\u6740\u83cc\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u98df\u7269\u548c\u6c34\u679c\u7684\u9632\u8150\u5242\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u548c\u6cbb\u7406 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1)SO2 \u7684\u6c61\u67d3\uff1a\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u662f\u6c61\u67d3\u5927\u6c14\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5bb3\u7269\u8d28\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0e\u5b83\u5bf9\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5371\u5bb3<\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u5f15\u8d77\u547c\u5438\u9053\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u65f6\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u9178\u96e8\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u5371\u5bb3\uff1a\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684 SO2 \u5728 O2 \u548c H2O \u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u751f\u6210 H2SO3 \u3001<\/p>\n<p>H2SO4 \u3002<\/p>\n<p>2SO2 + O2 \uff1d 2SO3 SO2 + H2O \uff1d H2SO3 SO3 + H2O \uff1d H2SO4<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u96e8\u65f6\uff0c\u786b\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269 ( \u548c\u6c2e\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269 ) \u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u786b\u9178 ( \u548c\u785d\u9178 ) \u968f\u96e8\u6c34\u964d\u4e0b\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u9178\u96e8\uff0e\u9178\u96e8\u7684 pH \u5c0f\u4e8e 5.6( \u6b63\u5e38\u96e8\u6c34\u56e0\u6eb6\u89e3\u4e86 CO2 \uff0c\u5176 pH \u7ea6\u4e3a 5.6) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u9178\u96e8\u80fd\u4f7f\u6e56\u6cca\u6c34\u8d28\u9178\u5316\uff0c\u6bd2\u5bb3\u9c7c\u7c7b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6c34\u751f\u751f\u7269\uff1b\u4f7f\u571f\u58e4\u9178\u5316\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u519c\u7530\uff0c\u635f\u5bb3<\/p>\n<p>\u519c\u4f5c\u7269\u548c\u68ee\u6797\uff1b\u9178\u96e8\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8150\u8680\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u540d\u80dc\u53e4\u8ff9\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u6cbb\u7406\uff1a\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599 ( \u7164\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9 ) \u7684\u71c3\u70e7\uff0e\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709<\/p>\n<p>\u542b\u786b\u77ff\u77f3\u7684\u51b6\u70bc\u548c\u786b\u9178\u3001\u78f7\u80a5\u3001\u7eb8\u6d46\u751f\u4ea7\u7b49\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e9f\u6c14\uff0e\u6d88\u9664\u5927\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981<\/p>\n<p>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u7684\u6392\u653e\u3001\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u786b\u9178\u5382\u3001\u5316\u5de5\u5382\u3001\u51b6\u70bc\u5382\u7b49\u7684\u5c3e\u6c14\u5728\u6392\u653e\u524d<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u6536\u5904\u7406\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>3 \uff0e\u786b\u9178<\/p>\n<p>[ \u786b\u9178 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u7eaf\u786b\u9178\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u8272\u900f\u660e\u3001\u7c98\u7a20\u7684\u6cb9\u72b6\u6db2\u4f53\uff0e\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6d53\u786b\u9178\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u4e3a 98.3 \uff05\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a 1.84 g \u00b7 cm \uff0d 3 ( \u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e3a 18.4 mol \u00b7 L \uff0d 1 ) \uff0c\u6cb8\u70b9\u4e3a 338 \u2103 ( \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u6d53\u786b\u9178\u5c5e\u9ad8\u6cb8\u70b9\u3001\u96be\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u9178 ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u786b\u9178\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u80fd\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6bd4\u4e0e\u6c34\u6df7\u6eb6\uff0e\u6d53\u786b\u9178\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u65f6\u653e\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u70ed\uff0e\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7a00\u91ca\u6d53\u786b\u9178\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u5c06\u6d53\u786b\u9178\u7f13\u6162\u5012\u5165\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u8fb9\u52a0\u8fb9\u6405\u62cc\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u786b\u9178\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5f3a\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff0c\u662f\u4e8c\u5143\u5f3a\u9178\uff0c\u7a00 H2SO4 \u5177\u6709\u9178\u7684\u901a\u6027\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Zn + 2H \uff0b\uff1d Zn2 \uff0b + H2 \u2191 ( \u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236 H2 \u539f\u7406 )<\/p>\n<p>Fe2O3 + 6H \uff0b\uff1d 2Fe3 \uff0b + 3H2O( \u9664\u94c1\u9508\u539f\u7406 )<\/p>\n<p>H2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 \uff1d BaSO4 \u2193 + 2H2O\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u6d53\u786b\u9178\u4e2d\u542b\u6c34\u91cf\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6d53 H2SO4 \u7684\u7535\u79bb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u542b<\/p>\n<p>H2SO4 \u5206\u5b50\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5438\u6c34\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>a \uff0e\u6d53 H2SO4 \u80fd\u5438\u6536\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u6c34\u5206\u6216\u5404\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u6df7\u6709\u7684\u6e38\u79bb\u6001\u7684 H2O \uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb<\/p>\n<p>\u5217\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5982 H2SO4 \u00b7 H2O \u3001 H2SO4 \u00b7 2H2O \u548c H2SO4 \u00b7 4H2O \u7b49\uff0e\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u6d53 H2SO4 \u53ef\u7528\u6765\u4f5c\u6c14\u4f53\u5e72\u71e5\u5242\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e72\u71e5\u53ef\u4e0e\u6d53 H2SO4 \u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u78b1\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u6c14\u4f53 ( \u5982 NH3 \u7b49 ) \u548c\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u6c14\u4f53 ( \u5982 H2S \u3001 HI \u3001 HBr \u7b49 ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>b \uff0e\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d53 H2SO4 \u80fd\u5438\u6536\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u6c34\u5206\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4fdd\u5b58\u6d53 H2SO4 \u65f6\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u5bc6\u5c01\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6d53 H2SO4 \u5438\u6536\u6c34\u5206\u800c\u53d8\u7a00\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u8131\u6c34\u6027\uff1a\u6d53 H2SO4 \u80fd\u5c06\u6709\u673a\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u6c22\u3001\u6c27\u5143\u7d20\u6309 2 \u2236 1 \u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u6bd4\u8131\u51fa\u751f\u6210\u6c34\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u6709\u673a\u7269\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u9ed1\u8272\u7684\u70ad\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a C12H22O11( \u8517\u7cd6 ) 12C + 11H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u53c8\u5982\u5c06\u6d53 H2SO4 \u6ef4\u5230\u84dd\u8272\u77f3\u854a\u8bd5\u7eb8\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bd5\u7eb8\u5148\u53d8\u7ea2\u8272\u7136\u540e\u53d8\u9ed1\u8272\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f \u6d53 H2SO4 \u7684\u8131\u6c34\u6027\u53ca\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u65f6\u653e\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u70ed\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4f7f\u6d53 H2SO4 \u5bf9\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5177<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u8150\u8680\u6027\uff0e\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u76ae\u80a4\u4e0a\u4e0d\u614e\u6cbe\u4e0a\u6d53 H2SO4 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5148\u7528\u6c34\u51b2\u6d17\uff0c\u800c\u5148<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u7528\u5e72\u5e03\u8fc5\u901f\u64e6\u53bb\uff0c\u518d\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u6c34\u51b2\u6d17\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff1a\u6d53 H2SO4 \u4e2d\u7684\u786b\u4e3a\uff0b 6 \u4ef7\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u786b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4ef7\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6d53 H2SO4<\/p>\n<p>\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff0e\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d53 H2SO4 \u88ab\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\uff0b 4 \u4ef7\u786b\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3001\u5355\u8d28\u786b\u6216\uff0d 2<\/p>\n<p>\u4ef7\u786b\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>a \uff0e\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\uff0c\u6d53 H2SO4 \u4f7f Fe \u3001 A1 \u53d1\u751f\u949d\u5316 (Fe \u3001 A1 \u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u51b7\u7684\u6d53 H2SO4 \u4e2d ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u6d53\u786b\u9178\u8ddf\u67d0\u4e9b\u91d1\u5c5e\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u4f7f\u91d1\u5c5e\u8868\u9762\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u8584\u5c42\u81f4\u5bc6\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u819c\uff0c\u963b\u6b62<\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u90e8\u91d1\u5c5e\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ddf\u786b\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u53eb\u505a\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u949d\u5316\uff0e\u949d\u5316\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u53d8\u5316\uff0e\u5229\u7528 Fe \u3001<\/p>\n<p>A1 \u5728\u51b7\u7684\u6d53 H2SO4 \u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u949d\u5316\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u94c1\u6216\u94dd\u5236\u5bb9\u5668\u88c5\u76db\u6d53\u786b\u9178\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>b \uff0e\u52a0\u70ed\u65f6\uff0c\u6d53 H2SO4 \u80fd\u8ddf\u9664 Pt \u3001 Au \u5916\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u901a\u5f0f\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u91d1\u5c5e (Pt \u3001 Au \u9664\u5916 ) + H2SO4( \u6d53 ) \u786b\u9178\u76d0 + SO2 \u2191 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a 2H2SO4( \u6d53 ) + Cu CuSO4 + 2H2O + SO2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e Cu \u4e0e\u6d53 H2SO4 \u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e H2SO4 \u4e2d\u7684\u786b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5408\u4ef7\u53ea\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u6539\u53d8\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u6d53\u786b\u9178\u540c\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u548c\u9178\u6027\uff0e\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u6d53 H2SO4 \u4f1a\u6e10<\/p>\n<p>\u6e10\u53d8\u7a00\uff0c\u800c\u7a00 H2SO4 \u662f\u4e0d\u4e0e Cu \u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\uff0e\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u7269 Cu \u548c H2SO4 \u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd<\/p>\n<p>\u5269\u4f59\uff0c\u4e14\u5b9e\u9645\u4ea7\u751f\u7684 SO2 \u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u8981\u6bd4\u7406\u8bba\u503c\u5c0f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>c \uff0e\u52a0\u70ed\u65f6\uff0c\u6d53 H2SO4 \u80fd\u4f7f\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28 C \u3001 S \u3001 P \u7b49\u6c27\u5316\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2H2SO4( \u6d53 ) + C CO2 \u2191 + 2SO2 \u2191 + 2H2O ( \u5728\u6b64\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c H2SO4 \u53ea\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6c27\u5316\u6027 )<\/p>\n<p>d \uff0e\u6d53 H2SO4 \u80fd\u6c27\u5316\u67d0\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aH2SO4( \u6d53 ) + H2S \uff1d S + SO2 + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p>2HBr + H2SO4( \u6d53 ) \uff1d Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p>8HI + H2SO4( \u6d53 ) \uff1d 4I2 + H2S + 4H2O<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6c27\u5316\u6027\u9178\u4e0e\u9178\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6027 ] \u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u9178\u201d\u662f\u6307\u9178\u6839\u90e8\u5206\u6613\u4e8e\u83b7\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u9178\uff0c\u5982\u6d53<\/p>\n<p>H2SO4 \u3001 HNO3 \u7b49\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u3001\u6613\u83b7\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u800c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff1b\u800c\u76d0\u9178\u3001\u7a00<\/p>\n<p>\u786b\u9178\u7b49\u9178\u6839\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u80fd\u6216\u4e0d\u6613\u83b7\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u975e\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u9178\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u9178\u90fd\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u7535\u79bb\u51fa H \uff0b\uff0c H \uff0b\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u5f62<\/p>\n<p>\u6210 H2 \uff0e\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u770b\uff0c\u9178\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f H \uff0b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u6c27<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u6027\u9178\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5143\u7d20\u5904\u4e8e\u9ad8\u4ef7\u6001\u6613\u83b7\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u533a\u522b\u201c\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u9178\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u9178\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u9178\u6839\u90e8\u5206\u6613\u83b7\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u2192\u6709<\/p>\n<p>\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u2192\u662f\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u9178<\/p>\n<p>\u9178\u7535\u79bb\u51fa\u7684 H \uff0b\u2192\u6709\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u2192\u9178\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u2192\u662f\u975e\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u9178<\/p>\n<p>[SO42 \uff0d\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c ] \u6b63\u786e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5f85\u68c0\u6eb6\u6db2\u65e0\u73b0\u8c61\u4ea7\u751f\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u539f\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u542b SO42 \u2014\u79bb\u5b50\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1a SO42 \uff0d + Ba2 \uff0b\uff1d BaSO4 \u2193<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f \u2460\u52a0\u5165\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5c06\u5f85\u68c0\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3001\u5bf9\u68c0\u9a8c SO42 \uff0d\u6709\u5e72\u6270\u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n<p>\u7684 CO32 \uff0d\u3001 SO32 \uff0d\u7b49\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u5e94\u800c\u9664\u53bb\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>CO32 \uff0d + 2H \uff0b\uff1d CO2 \u2191 + H2O SO32 \uff0d + 2H \uff0b\uff1d SO2 \u2191 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>AgCl \u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u7a00 HNO3 \u7684\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0e\u5411\u5f85\u68c0\u6db2\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u76d0\u9178\u65f6\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\u4ea7<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\uff0c\u9700\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u624d\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5728\u52a0\u5165 BaCl2 \u6216 Ba(NO3)2 \u6eb6\u6db2\u524d\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528 HNO3 \u9178\u5316\u5f85\u68c0\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0e\u56e0\u4e3a\u82e5\u5f85\u68c0\u6eb6<\/p>\n<p>\u6db2\u4e2d\u542b\u6709 SO32 \uff0d\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab HNO3 \u6c27\u5316\u4e3a SO42 \uff0d\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>*[ \u786b\u9178\u9499\u548c\u786b\u9178\u94a1 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u786b\u9178\u9499 (CaSO4) \u786b\u9178\u94a1 (BaSO4)<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f \u77f3\u818f (CaSO4 \u00b7 2H2O) \u91cd\u6676\u77f3<\/p>\n<p>\u6027 \u8d28 \u2460\u767d\u8272\u56fa\u4f53\uff0c\u5fae\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u2461 2(CaSO4 \u00b7 2H2O) 2CaSO4 \u00b7 H2O( \u719f\u77f3\u818f )+3H2O \uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u719f\u77f3\u818f\u4e0e\u6c34\u6df7\u5408\u540e\u5f88\u5feb\u51dd\u56fa\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u53d8\u6210\u751f\u77f3\u818f \u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u9178\uff0e\u4e0d\u6613\u88ab X<\/p>\n<p>\uff0d\u5c04\u7ebf\u900f\u8fc7<\/p>\n<p>\u7528 \u9014 \u2460\u5236\u4f5c\u5404\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u533b\u7597\u7528\u7684\u77f3\u818f\u7ef7\u5e26\u2461\u8c03\u8282\u6c34\u6ce5\u7684\u51dd\u56fa\u901f\u5ea6 \u2460\u4f5c X \uff0d\u5c04\u7ebf\u900f\u89c6\u80a0\u80c3\u7684\u5185\u670d\u836f\u5242 ( \u4fd7\u79f0\u201c\u94a1\u9910\u201d ) \u2461\u4f5c\u767d<\/p>\n<p>\u8272\u989c\u6599<\/p>\n<p>4 \uff0e\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4<\/p>\n<p>*[ \u5927\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u53ca\u5176\u9632\u6cbb ] \u5f53\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u6709\u6bd2\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u542b\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7\u6b63\u5e38\u503c\u6216\u5927\u6c14\u7684\u81ea\u51c0\u80fd<\/p>\n<p>\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\uff0e\u5927\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u65e2\u5371\u5bb3\u4eba\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u53c8\u5f71\u54cd\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u7684\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f1a<\/p>\n<p>\u7834\u574f\u5efa\u7b51\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u65f6\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u5730\u7403\u7684\u6c14\u5019\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u6696\u3001\u7834\u574f\u81ed\u6c27\u5c42\uff0c\u5f62\u6210<\/p>\n<p>\u9178\u96e8\u7b49\uff0e\u5927\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u9632\u6cbb\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u7efc\u5408\u63aa\u65bd\uff0e\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u8c03\u6574\u80fd\u6e90\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u89c4\u5212\u5de5<\/p>\n<p>\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u5efa\u8bbe\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u8fd0\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u9632\u6cbb\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u6280\u672f\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u5927\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u52a0\u5f3a\u5927\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u76d1\u6d4b\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u751f\u7269\u63aa\u65bd\u3001\u6539\u5584\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u690d\u6811\u9020\u6797\u3001\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u73af\u5883\u7684\u81ea<\/p>\n<p>\u51c0\u80fd\u529b\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>*[ \u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u65e5\u62a5\u3001\u5468\u62a5 ] \u4ece 1997 \u5e74 5 \u6708\u8d77\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u6709\u51e0\u5341\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u5148\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9a\u671f\u53d1\u5e03<\/p>\n<p>\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u5468\u62a5\uff0e\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u57ce\u5e02\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u5e03\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u65e5\u62a5\uff0e\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf<\/p>\n<p>\u65e5\u62a5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u6307\u6570\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u7ea7\u522b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9996\u8981\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u201d\u7b49\uff0e\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61<\/p>\n<p>\u67d3\u6307\u6570 ( \u7b80\u79f0 APT) \u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u5e38\u89c4\u76d1\u6d4b\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u6570\u503c\u5f62<\/p>\n<p>\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u7ea7\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u72b6\u51b5\uff0e\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u7a7a<\/p>\n<p>\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u72b6\u51b5\u548c\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0e\u6839\u636e\u6211\u56fd\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u6c61\u67d3\u9632\u6cbb\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8ba1\u5165\u7a7a\u6c14<\/p>\n<p>\u6c61\u67d3\u6307\u6570\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u6682\u5b9a\u4e3a\uff1a\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u6c2e\u548c\u53ef\u5438\u5165\u9897\u7c92\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u7ea7\u6807\u51c6\u662f\uff1a\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u6307\u6570 50 \u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e3a\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u65e5\u5747\u503c\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u7ea7\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u4f18\uff1b 100 \u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8c\u7ea7\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u826f\u597d\uff1b 200 \u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e09\u7ea7<\/p>\n<p>\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c14\u8f7b\u5ea6\u6c61\u67d3\uff1b 300 \u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u56db\u7ea7\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u4e2d\u5ea6\u6c61\u67d3\uff1b\u8d85\u8fc7 300 \u70b9\u5219<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e94\u7ea7\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u5c5e\u91cd\u5ea6\u6c61\u67d3\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>*[ \u6c34\u6c61\u67d3\u53ca\u5176\u9632\u6cbb ] \u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u6392\u653e\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c34\u7684\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u53d1\u751f\u53d8<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u6216\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u843d\u7ec4\u6210\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u6c34\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u6c34\u6c61\u67d3\uff0e\u6c34\u6c61<\/p>\n<p>\u67d3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7269\u8d28\u6709\u91cd\u91d1\u5c5e\u3001\u9178\u3001\u78b1\u3001\u76d0\u7b49\u65e0\u673a\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\uff0c\u8017\u6c27\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u8425\u517b\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u77f3<\/p>\n<p>\u6cb9\u548c\u96be\u964d\u89e3\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7b49\uff0e\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u6c34\u4f53\u9020\u6210\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u6c61\u67d3\u3001\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6c61\u67d3\u3001\u60ac<\/p>\n<p>\u6d6e\u56fa\u4f53\u7269\u6c61\u67d3\u3001\u70ed\u6c61\u67d3\u7b49\uff0e\u65e5\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5408\u6210\u6d17\u6da4\u5242\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6c34\u4f53\u9020\u6210\u6c61\u67d3\uff0e\u9632\u6cbb\u6c34\u6c61<\/p>\n<p>\u67d3\u7684\u6839\u672c\u63aa\u65bd\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u6c61\u6c34\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u6392\u653e\uff0e\u6c61\u6c34\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6392\u653e\u6807\u51c6<\/p>\n<p>\u540e\u518d\u6392\u653e\uff0e\u6c61\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u822c\u53ef\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u6cd5\u3001\u751f\u7269\u6cd5\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u6cd5\uff0e\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u5404<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u9002\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e S \u3001 X2 \u7b49\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u53cd\u5e94 Mg + SMgS<\/p>\n<p>Mg + C12MgCl2 2Al + 3SA12S3<\/p>\n<p>2Al + 3Cl22AlCl3<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u9178\u7684\u53cd\u5e94 \u975e\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u9178 \u4f8b Mg + 2H \uff0b \uff1d Mg2 \uff0b +H2 \u2191 \u4f8b 2A1 + 6H \uff0b \uff1d<\/p>\n<p>2A13 \uff0b +3 H2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u9178 \u4f8b 4Mg + 10HNO3( \u6781\u7a00 ) \uff1d 4Mg(NO3)2 + N2O \u2191 + 5H2O \u94dd\u5728\u51b7\u7684\u6d53<\/p>\n<p>HNO3 \u3001\u6d53 H2SO4 \u4e2d\u56e0\u53d1\u751f\u949d\u5316\u800c\u96be\u6eb6 \u4e0e\u78b1\u7684\u53cd\u5e94 \u4e0d\u53cd\u5e94 2A1 + 2NaOH + 2H2O \uff1d 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u7684\u53cd\u5e94 2Mg + CO2 2MgO + C<\/p>\n<p>( \u91d1\u5c5e\u9541\u80fd\u5728 CO2 \u6c14\u4f53\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7 ) 2A1 + Fe2O3 2Fe + A12O3<\/p>\n<p>[ \u94dd\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u94dd\u4e0e\u6bd4\u94dd\u4e0d\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269 ( \u5982 CuO \u7b49 ) \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\u94dd\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>[ \u94dd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5316\u5408\u7269 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u6c27\u5316\u94dd (A12O3) \u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94dd [A1(OH)3] \u786b\u9178\u94dd\u94be [KAl(SO4)2]<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28 \u767d\u8272\u56fa\u4f53\uff0c\u7194\u70b9\u9ad8\uff0c\u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34 \u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u7684\u767d\u8272\u80f6\u72b6\u56fa\u4f53\uff1b\u80fd\u51dd\u805a\u6c34\u4e2d<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u60ac\u6d6e\u7269\uff0c\u6709\u5438\u9644\u8272\u7d20\u7684\u6027\u80fd \u786b\u9178\u94dd\u94be\u6676\u4f53 [KAl(SO4)2 \u00b7 12H2O] \u4fd7\u79f0\u660e\u77fe\uff0e\u660e<\/p>\n<p>\u77fe\u662f\u65e0\u8272\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u5c5e\u7c7b\u522b \u4e24\u6027\u6c27\u5316\u7269 \u4e24\u6027\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u7269 \u590d\u76d0 ( \u7531\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u4e00\u79cd\u9178\u6839\u79bb\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec4\u6210 )<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u79bb\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u7535\u79bb A13 \uff0b +3OH \uff0d A1(OH)3AlO2 \uff0d +H \uff0b +H2O<\/p>\n<p>KAl(SO4)2 \uff1d K \uff0b +A13 \uff0b +2SO42 \uff0d<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28 \u65e2\u80fd\u4e0e\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u94dd\u76d0\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u4e0e\u78b1\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u504f\u94dd\u9178\u76d0\uff1a Al2O3 + 6H \uff0b\uff1d<\/p>\n<p>2A13 \uff0b + 3H2O \uff0c Al2O3 + 2OH \uff0d\uff1d 2 AlO2 \uff0d + H2O \u2460\u65e2\u80fd\u6eb6\u4e8e\u9178\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u6eb6\u4e8e<\/p>\n<p>\u5f3a\u78b1\u4e2d\uff1a A1(OH)3 + 3H \uff0b\uff1d A13 \uff0b + 3H2O \uff0c A1(OH)3 + OH \uff0d\uff1d 2AlO2 \uff0d +<\/p>\n<p>2H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u53d7\u70ed\u5206\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2A1(OH)3 Al2O3 + 3H2O \u2460\u540c\u65f6\u517c\u6709 K \uff0b\u3001 A13 \uff0b\u3001 SO42 \uff0d\u4e09\u79cd\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u2461<\/p>\n<p>\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u56e0 A1 3 \uff0b\u6c34\u89e3\u800c\u663e\u9178\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>A13 \uff0b +3H2OA1(OH)3 + 3H \uff0b<\/p>\n<p>\u5236 \u6cd5 2A1(OH)3 Al2O3 + 3H2O \u53ef\u6eb6\u6027\u94dd\u76d0\u4e0e\u6c28\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a A13 \uff0b + 3NH3 \u00b7 H2O<\/p>\n<p>A1(OH)3 \u2193 + 3NH4 \uff0b<\/p>\n<p>\u7528 \u9014 \u2460\u4f5c\u51b6\u70bc\u94dd\u7684\u539f\u6599\u2461\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u8010\u706b\u5769\u57da\u3001\u8010\u706b\u7ba1\u3001\u8010\u9ad8\u6e29\u4eea\u5668 \u5236\u53d6\u6c27\u5316\u94dd<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u51c0\u6c34\u5242<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5408\u91d1 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u5408\u91d1\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u7531\u4e24\u79cd\u6216\u4e24\u79cd\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e ( \u6216\u91d1\u5c5e\u8ddf\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e ) \u7194\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u800c\u6210\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u5177\u6709\u91d1\u5c5e\u7279\u6027\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0e(2) \u5408\u91d1\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u2460\u5408\u91d1\u7684\u786c\u5ea6\u6bd4\u5b83\u7684\u5404\u6210\u5206\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u786c\u5ea6\u5927\uff1b\u2461\u5408\u91d1\u7684\u7194\u70b9\u6bd4\u5b83\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u5404\u6210\u5206\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u7194\u70b9\u4f4e\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>*[ \u786c\u6c34\u53ca\u5176\u8f6f\u5316 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u786c\u6c34\u548c\u8f6f\u6c34\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u786c\u6c34\uff1a\u542b\u6709\u8f83\u591a\u7684 Ca2 \uff0b\u548c Mg2 \uff0b\u7684\u6c34\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8f6f\u6c34\uff1a\u4e0d\u542b\u6216\u53ea\u542b\u5c11\u91cf Ca2 \uff0b\u548c Mg2 \uff0b\u7684\u6c34\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6682\u65f6\u786c\u5ea6\u548c\u6c38\u4e45\u786c\u5ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6682\u65f6\u786c\u5ea6\uff1a\u7531\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u9499\u6216\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u9541\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6c34\u7684\u786c\u5ea6\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u6c38\u4e45\u786c\u5ea6\uff1a\u7531\u9499\u548c\u9541\u7684\u786b\u9178\u76d0\u6216\u6c2f\u5316\u7269\u7b49\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6c34\u7684\u786c\u5ea6\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u6682\u65f6\u786c\u6c34\u548c\u6c38\u4e45\u786c\u6c34\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6682\u65f6\u786c\u6c34\uff1a\u542b\u6709\u6682\u65f6\u786c\u5ea6\u7684\u6c34\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u6c38\u4e45\u786c\u6c34\uff1a\u542b\u6709\u6c38\u4e45\u786c\u5ea6\u7684\u6c34\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u786c\u6c34\u7684\u8f6f\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u716e\u6cb8\u6cd5\uff0e\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9664\u53bb\u6682\u65f6\u786c\u5ea6\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Ca(HCO3)2CaCO3 \u2193 +CO2 \u2191 +H2O<\/p>\n<p>Mg(HCO3)2MgCO3 \u2193 +CO2 \u2191 +H2O<\/p>\n<p>MgCO3 + H2OMg(OH)2 \u2193 +CO2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u6cd5\uff0e\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u9664\u53bb\u6682\u65f6\u786c\u5ea6\u548c\u6c38\u4e45\u786c\u5ea6\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u836f\u5242\u8f6f\u5316\u6cd5\uff0e\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u836f\u5242\u6cd5\u6709\u77f3\u7070\u2014\u2014\u7eaf\u78b1\u6cd5\u548c\u78f7\u9178\u94a0\u6cd5\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u5929\u7136\u6c34\u7684\u786c\u5ea6\uff1a\u5929\u7136\u6c34\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u6682\u65f6\u786c\u5ea6\u548c\u6c38\u4e45\u786c\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u786c\u5ea6\u662f\u6307\u4e24\u79cd<\/p>\n<p>\u786c\u5ea6\u4e4b\u548c\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u786c\u6c34\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u957f\u671f\u996e\u7528\u786c\u5ea6\u8fc7\u9ad8\u6216\u8fc7\u4f4e\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u5747\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u7528\u786c\u6c34\u6d17\u6da4\u8863\u7269\uff0c\u6d6a\u8d39\u80a5\u7682\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6613\u6d17\u51c0\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u9505\u7089\u7528\u6c34\u786c\u5ea6\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff0c\u6613\u5f62\u6210\u9505\u57a2 [ \u6ce8\uff1a\u9505\u57a2\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206\u4e3a CaCO3 \u548c Mg(OH)2] \uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6d6a\u8d39\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u7206\u70b8\u4e8b\u6545\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>3 \uff0e\u94c1\u548c\u94c1\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269[ \u94c1 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u94c1\u5728\u5730\u58f3\u4e2d\u7684\u542b\u91cf\uff1a\u94c1\u5728\u5730\u58f3\u4e2d\u7684\u542b\u91cf\u5c45\u7b2c\u56db\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u6c27\u3001\u7845\u548c\u94dd\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u94c1\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u94c1\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\u4e3a 26 \uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u7b2c\u56db\u5468\u671f\u2166\u65cf\uff0c\u5c5e<\/p>\n<p>\u8fc7\u6e21\u5143\u7d20\uff0e\u94c1\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u4e2a\uff0c\u53ef\u5931\u53bb 2 \u4e2a\u6216 3 \u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u800c\u663e +2 \u4ef7\u6216 +3<\/p>\n<p>\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f46 +3 \u4ef7\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u8f83\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u94c1\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u4e0e\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>3Fe + 2O2Fe3O4<\/p>\n<p>2Fe + 3C122FeCl3<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u94c1\u4e1d\u5728\u6c2f\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7\u65f6\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u68d5\u9ec4\u8272\u7684\u70df\uff0c\u52a0\u6c34\u632f\u8361\u540e\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u663e\u9ec4\u8272\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>Fe + SFeS<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u94c1\u8ddf\u6c2f\u6c14\u3001\u786b\u53cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u751f\u6210 +2 \u4ef7\u548c +3 \u4ef7\u7684\u94c1\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff1a\u6c2f\u6c14\uff1e\u786b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>a \uff0e\u5728\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u6c34\u548c\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684 O2 \u3001 CO2 \u7b49\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c Fe \u6613\u88ab\u8150\u8680 ( \u94c1\u751f<\/p>\n<p>\u9508 ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>b \uff0e\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u4e0b\uff0c\u94c1\u80fd\u4e0e\u6c34\u84b8\u6c14\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210 H2 \uff1a 3Fe + 4H2O(g) Fe3O4 + 4H2<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u4e0e\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>a \uff0e\u4e0e\u975e\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u9178 ( \u5982\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u3001\u7a00 H2SO4 \u7b49 ) \u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a Fe + 2H \uff0b \uff1d Fe2<\/p>\n<p>\uff0b + H2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>b \uff0e\u94c1\u9047\u5230\u51b7\u7684\u6d53 H2SO4 \u3001\u6d53 HNO3 \u65f6\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u949d\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u91d1\u5c5e\u94c1\u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u51b7\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u6d53 H2SO4 \u6216\u6d53 HNO3 \u4e2d\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u4e0e\u6bd4\u94c1\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u6027\u5f31\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u76d0\u6eb6\u6db2\u53d1\u751f\u7f6e\u6362\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a Fe + Cu2 \uff0b \uff1d Fe2<\/p>\n<p>\uff0b + Cu<\/p>\n<p>\u5f52\u7eb3\uff1a\u94c1\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u53ca\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u7684\u751f\u6210\u7269\u4e2d\u663e +2 \u4ef7\u6216 +3 \u4ef7\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>[ \u94c1\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u94c1\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269 \u6c27\u5316\u4e9a\u94c1 \u6c27\u5316\u94c1 \u56db\u6c27\u5316\u4e09\u94c1<\/p>\n<p>\u4fd7 \u79f0 \u94c1\u7ea2 \u78c1\u6027\u6c27\u5316\u94c1<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f FeO Fe2O3 Fe3O4<\/p>\n<p>\u94c1\u7684\u4ef7\u6001 +2 \u4ef7 +3 \u4ef7 +2 \u4ef7\u548c +3 \u4ef7 \u989c\u8272\u3001\u72b6\u6001 \u9ed1\u8272\u7c89\u672b \u7ea2\u68d5\u8272\u7c89\u672b \u9ed1\u8272\u6676\u4f53<\/p>\n<p>\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027 \u90fd\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28 \u2460\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u52a0\u70ed\u65f6\uff0c\u88ab\u8fc5\u901f\u6c27\u5316\uff1b 6FeO + O2 2Fe3O4 \u2461\u4e0e\u76d0\u9178\u7b49\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>FeO + 2H \uff0b\uff1d Fe2 \uff0b + H2O \u2460\u4e0e\u76d0\u9178\u7b49\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a Fe2O3 + 6H \uff0b\uff1d 2Fe3 \uff0b + 3H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u65f6\uff0c\u88ab CO \u3001 C \u3001 A1 \u7b49\u8fd8\u539f\uff1a Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2 \u517c\u6709 FeO \u548c<\/p>\n<p>Fe2O3 \u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5982 Fe3O4 + 8H \uff0b\uff1d 2Fe3 \uff0b + Fe2 \uff0b + 4H2O<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u4e9a\u94c1\u548c\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94c1\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83 ]<\/p>\n<p>Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3<\/p>\n<p>\u989c\u8272\u3001\u72b6\u6001 \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u4e3a\u767d\u8272\u7d6e\u72b6\u6c89\u6dc0 \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u4e3a\u7ea2\u8910\u8272\u7d6e\u72b6\u6c89\u6dc0<\/p>\n<p>\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027 \u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34 \u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34<\/p>\n<p>\u5236 \u6cd5 \u53ef\u6eb6\u6027\u4e9a\u94c1\u76d0\u4e0e\u5f3a\u78b1\u6eb6\u6db2\u6216\u6c28\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\uff1a\u5236\u53d6\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62 F e2 \uff0b\u88ab\u6c27\u5316\uff0c\u5e94\u5c06\u88c5\u6709 NaOH \u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u6ef4\u7ba1\u63d2\u5165 FeSO4 \u6eb6\u6db2<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u6db2\u9762\u4e0b<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u6eb6\u6027\u94c1\u76d0\u4e0e\u5f3a\u78b1\u6eb6\u6db2\u3001\u6c28\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28 \u2460\u6781\u6613\u88ab\u6c27\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6c89\u6dc0\u989c\u8272\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u767d\u8272\u2192\u7070\u7eff\u8272\u2192\u7ea2\u8910\u8272<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u4e0e\u975e\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u9178\u5982\u76d0\u9178\u7b49\u4e2d\u548c\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u53d7\u70ed\u5206\u89e3\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u56fa\u4f53\u989c\u8272\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u7ea2\u8910\u8272\u2192\u7ea2\u68d5\u8272<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u4e0e\u9178\u53d1\u751f\u4e2d\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>[Fe3 \uff0b\u548c Fe2 \uff0b\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a 2Fe3 \uff0b + Fe \uff1d 3Fe2 \uff0b<\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u2460\u9664\u53bb\u4e9a\u94c1\u76d0 ( \u542b Fe2 \uff0b ) \u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6df7\u6709\u7684 Fe3 \uff0b\uff1b\u2461\u4e9a\u94c1\u76d0\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u7a7a\u6c14<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u7684 O2 \u6c27\u5316\u6210\u94c1\u76d0\uff0c\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u6c27\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u5411\u4e9a\u94c1\u76d0\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u94c1\u5c51\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a 2Fe2 \uff0b + Cl2 \uff1d 2Fe3 \uff0b + 2Cl \uff0d<\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u6c2f\u5316\u94c1\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6df7\u6709\u6c2f\u5316\u4e9a\u94c1\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u5411\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u901a\u5165\u8db3\u91cf\u6c2f\u6c14\u6216\u6ef4\u52a0\u65b0\u5236\u7684\u6c2f\u6c34\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u53bb Fe2 \uff0b\u79bb\u5b50\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>Fe2 \uff0b Fe3 \uff0b[Fe2 \uff0b\u3001 Fe3 \uff0b\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c ]<\/p>\n<p>(1)Fe2 \uff0b\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u542b\u6709 Fe2 \uff0b\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u5448\u6d45\u7eff\u8272\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5411\u5f85\u68c0\u6db2\u4e2d\u6ef4\u52a0 NaOH \u6eb6\u6db2\u6216\u6c28\u6c34\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u767d\u8272\u7d6e\u72b6\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u9732\u7f6e\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6<\/p>\n<p>\u95f4\u540e\uff0c\u6c89\u6dc0\u53d8\u4e3a\u7070\u7eff\u8272\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u53d8\u4e3a\u7ea2\u8910\u8272\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u542b Fe2 \uff0b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u5411\u5f85\u68c0\u6db2\u4e2d\u5148\u6ef4\u52a0 KSCN \u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u65e0\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u518d\u6ef4\u52a0\u65b0\u5236\u7684\u6c2f\u6c34\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u663e\u7ea2\u8272\uff0c\u8bf4<\/p>\n<p>\u660e\u542b Fe2 \uff0b\uff0e\u6709\u5173\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2Fe2 \uff0b + Cl2 \uff1d 2Fe3 \uff0b + 2Cl \uff0d Fe3 \uff0b + 3SCN \uff0d \uff1d Fe(SCN)3<\/p>\n<p>(2)Fe3 \uff0b\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u542b\u6709 Fe3 \uff0b\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u5448\u9ec4\u8272\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5411\u5f85\u68c0\u6db2\u4e2d\u6ef4\u52a0 NaOH \u6eb6\u6db2\u6216\u6c28\u6c34\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7ea2\u8910\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u542b Fe3 \uff0b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u5411\u5f85\u68c0\u6db2\u4e2d\u6ef4\u52a0 KSCN \u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u5448\u8840\u7ea2\u8272\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u542b Fe3 \uff0b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u884c\u94c1\u53ca\u5176\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e8b\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u94c1\u5143\u7d20\u6709\u53d8\u4ef7\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u5224\u65ad\u4ea7\u7269\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u94c1\u53ca\u5176\u5316\u5408\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u53c2\u52a0\u591a\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u9009\u62e9\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u53ca\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u94c1\u5316\u5408\u7269\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u8fc7\u91cf\u7684\u94c1\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u94c1\u53ca\u5176\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u662f\u8fc7\u91cf\u3001\u9002\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u8db3\u91cf\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u5f53\u6839\u636e\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6216\u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u5df2\u77e5\u91cf\u4e0e\u672a\u77e5\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u65b9<\/p>\n<p>\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6216\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7ec4\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>(5) \u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u5230\u5dee\u91cf\u6cd5\u3001\u5b88\u6052\u6cd5\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>4 \uff0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u51b6\u70bc<\/p>\n<p>[ \u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u51b6\u70bc ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u4ece\u77ff\u77f3\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6b65\u9aa4\u6709\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u2460\u77ff\u77f3\u7684\u5bcc\u96c6\uff0e\u9664\u53bb\u6742\u8d28\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u77ff\u77f3\u4e2d<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u7528\u6210\u5206\u7684\u542b\u91cf\uff1b\u2461\u51b6\u70bc\uff0e\u5229\u7528\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\u5c06<\/p>\n<p>\u91d1\u5c5e\u77ff\u77f3\u4e2d\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\u8fd8\u539f\u6210\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28\uff1b\u2467\u7cbe\u70bc\uff0e\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u63d0\u70bc\u7eaf\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u51b6\u70bc\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\uff1a\u7528\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u91d1\u5c5e\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\u5f97\u5230\u7535\u5b50\u53d8\u6210\u91d1<\/p>\n<p>\u5c5e\u539f\u5b50\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u91d1\u5c5e\u51b6\u70bc\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u2460\u52a0\u70ed\u6cd5\uff0e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u51b6\u70bc\u5728\u91d1\u5c5e\u6d3b\u52a8\u987a\u5e8f\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6c22\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e ( \u5982 Hg \u3001 Ag<\/p>\n<p>\u7b49 ) \uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2HgO2Hg + O2 \u2191 HgS + O2Hg + SO2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>2Ag2O4Ag + O2 \u2191 2AgNO32Ag + 2NO2 \u2191 + O2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u70ed\u8fd8\u539f\u6cd5\uff0e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u51b6\u70bc\u91d1\u5c5e\u6d3b\u52a8\u987a\u5e8f\u8868\u4e2d Zn \u3001 Fe \u3001 Sn \u3001 Pb \u7b49\u4e2d\u7b49\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u91d1<\/p>\n<p>\u5c5e\uff0e\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\u6709 C \u3001 CO \u3001 H2 \u3001 Al \u7b49\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Fe2O3 + 3CO2Fe + 3CO2( \u70bc\u94c1 ) ZnO + CZn + CO \u2191 ( \u4f34\u751f CO2)<\/p>\n<p>WO3 + 3H2W + 3H2O Cr2O3 + 2Al2Cr + A12O3( \u5236\u9ad8\u7194\u70b9\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e )<\/p>\n<p>\u2467\u7194\u878d\u7535\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u51b6\u70bc\u6d3b\u52a8\u6027\u5f3a\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u5982 K \u3001 Ca \u3001 Na \u3001 Mg \u3001 A1 \u7b49\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u89e3\u5176\u7194\u878d\u76d0\u6216\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5236\u5f97\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2A12O3 4Al + 3O2 \u2191 2NaCl 2Na + C12 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u6e7f\u6cd5\u51b6\u91d1 ( \u53c8\u53eb\u6c34\u6cd5\u51b6\u91d1 ) \uff0e\u5229\u7528\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94 ( \u5982\u7f6e\u6362\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u548c\u3001\u6c34\u89e3\u7b49 ) \uff0c\u5bf9\u539f\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u8fdb\u884c\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u51b6\u91d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0e\u6e7f\u6cd5\u51b6\u91d1\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0<\/p>\n<p>\u53d6 Zn \u3001 U( \u94c0 ) \u53ca\u7a00\u571f\u91d1\u5c5e\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u56de\u6536 ] 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\u91d1\u5c5e\u9676\u74f7\u548c\u8d85\u5bfc\u6750\u6599 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u91d1\u5c5e\u9676\u74f7\uff0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u9676\u74f7\u662f\u7531\u9676\u74f7\u548c\u7c98\u7ed3\u91d1\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u975e\u5747\u8d28\u7684\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\uff0e\u9676\u74f7\u4e3b\u8981<\/p>\n<p>\u662f Al2O3 \u3001 ZrO2 \u7b49\u8010\u9ad8\u6e29\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u7b49\uff0c\u7c98\u7ed3\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e3b\u8981\u662f Cr \u3001 Mo \u3001 W \u3001 Ti 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\u8d85\u5bfc\u6750\u6599\uff0e\u5f53\u7535\u6d41\u901a\u8fc7\u91d1\u5c5e ( \u6216\u5408\u91d1 ) \u65f6\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u4f1a\u53d1\u70ed\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5185\u90e8\u5b58<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7535\u963b\uff0c\u5b83\u963b\u788d\u7535\u6d41\u901a\u8fc7\uff0e\u7528\u91d1\u5c5e\u5bfc\u7ebf\u8f93\u9001\u7535\u6d41\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6709\u7535\u963b\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f1a\u767d\u767d\u6d88\u8017<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u91cf\u7535\u80fd\uff0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7535\u963b\u901a\u5e38\u968f\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u800c\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u6c5e\u51b7\u5374\u5230\u4f4e\u4e8e 4.2 K \u65f6\uff0c\u7535\u963b\u7a81\u7136\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u5927<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u5916\u52a0\u78c1\u573a\u63a5\u8fd1\u56fa\u6001\u6c5e\u968f\u4e4b\u53c8\u64a4\u53bb\u540e\uff0c\u7535\u78c1\u611f\u5e94\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u4f1a\u5728\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c5e\u5185\u90e8\u957f<\/p>\n<p>\u4e45\u5730\u6d41\u52a8\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8870\u51cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d85\u5bfc\u73b0\u8c61\uff0e\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u5bfc\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d85\u5bfc<\/p>\n<p>\u4f53\uff0e\u8d85\u5bfc\u4f53\u7535\u963b\u7a81\u7136\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e34\u754c\u6e29\u5ea6 (Tc) \uff0e\u5728\u4e34\u754c\u6e29\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65f6\uff0c\u8d85\u5bfc\u4f53<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u7535\u963b\u4e3a 0 \uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7535\u6d41\u5728\u8d85\u5bfc\u4f53\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u635f\u5931\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8d85\u5bfc\u6750\u6599\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u4e3a\u7eaf\u91d1\u5c5e\u3001\u5408\u91d1\u548c\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e09\u7c7b\uff0e\u5177\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u4e34\u754c\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u7eaf\u91d1\u5c5e\u662f\u9567\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>Tc \uff1d 12.5 K \uff0e\u5408\u91d1\u578b\u76ee\u524d\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u94cc\u2014\u949b\u5408\u91d1\uff0c Tc \uff1d 9.5 K \uff0e\u5316\u5408\u7269\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u94cc\u4e09<\/p>\n<p>\u9521 (Nb3Sn) \uff0c Tc \uff1d 18.3K \uff1b\u9492\u4e09\u9553 (V3Ga) \uff0c Tc \uff1d 16.5 K \u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8d85\u5bfc\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u5236\u6210\u5927\u529f\u7387\u53d1\u7535\u673a\u3001\u78c1\u6d41\u53d1\u7535\u673a\u3001\u8d85\u5bfc\u50a8\u80fd\u5668\u3001\u8d85\u5bfc\u7535\u7f06\u3001\u8d85\u5bfc\u78c1\u60ac<\/p>\n<p>\u6d6e\u5217\u8f66\u7b49\uff0e\u7528\u8d85\u5bfc\u6750\u6599\u5236\u6210\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4f53\u79ef\u5c0f\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u9ad8\u3001\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>5 \uff0e\u539f\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n<p>[ \u539f\u7535\u6c60 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u539f\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u628a\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u7535\u80fd\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u53eb\u505a\u539f\u7535\u6c60\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u6784\u6210\u539f\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u6709\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\uff0c\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7535\u6781\uff0e\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u7535\u6781\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u6781\u7684\u6750\u6599\u4e3a\u8f83\u6d3b<\/p>\n<p>\u6cfc\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u6781\u7684\u6750\u6599\u4e3a\u8f83\u4e0d\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u6216\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u5bfc\u4f53\u6216\u77f3\u58a8\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u4e24\u4e2a\u7535\u6781\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u4e0e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u76f8\u63a5\u89e6\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u56de\u8def\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u4f5c\u8d1f\u6781\u7684\u8f83\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\u80fd\u4e0e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u53d1\u751f\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u8f83\u4e0d\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e0d<\/p>\n<p>\u80fd\u4e0e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u539f\u7535\u6c60\u539f\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u8f83\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\uff1a\u4f5c\u8d1f\u6781\u7535\u5b50\u6d41\u51fa\u53d1\u751f\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94 ( \u7535\u6781\u672c\u8eab\u5931\u7535\u5b50\u540e\u800c\u6eb6\u89e3 )<\/p>\n<p>\u8f83\u4e0d\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u6216\u77f3\u58a8\uff1a\u4f5c\u6b63\u6781\u7535\u5b50\u6d41\u5165\u53d1\u751f\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94 ( \u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u9633\u79bb<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u540e\u6790\u51fa )<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u6d41\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u6b63\u6781\u5bfc\u7ebf\u8d1f\u6781<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u539f\u7535\u6c60\u539f\u7406\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u5236\u4f5c\u5404\u79cd\u7535\u6c60\uff0c\u5982\u5e72\u7535\u6c60\u3001\u84c4\u7535\u6c60\u3001\u5145\u7535\u7535\u6c60\u3001\u9ad8\u80fd\u7535\u6c60<\/p>\n<p>\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5316\u5b66\u7535\u6e90 ](1) \u5b9e\u7528\u7535\u6e90\u4e00\u822c\u5e94\u5177\u6709\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7a33\u5b9a\u800c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7535\u538b\u7684\u7535\u6d41\uff1b\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u8010\u7528<\/p>\n<p>\u4e14\u4fbf\u4e8e\u643a\u5e26\uff1b\u80fd\u591f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u9014\uff1b\u4fbf\u4e8e\u56de\u6536\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u6c61\u67d3\u73af\u5883\u6216\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd<\/p>\n<p>\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7535\u6c60\u548c\u65b0\u578b\u7535\u6c60\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6784 \u9020 \u6027 \u80fd \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u9014<\/p>\n<p>\u5e72<\/p>\n<p>\u7535<\/p>\n<p>\u6c60 \u950c\u2014\u9530\u5e72\u7535\u6c60 \u63d2\u5728\u7535\u6c60\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u4f5c\u6b63\u6781\uff0c\u9876\u7aef\u6709\u4e00\u94dc\u5e3d\uff1b\u5728\u77f3\u58a8\u68d2\u7684\u5468\u56f4<\/p>\n<p>\u586b\u6ee1\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u9530\u548c\u70ad\u9ed1\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u79bb\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u957f\u7ea4\u7ef4\u4f5c\u9694\u819c\uff1b\u9694\u819c\u5916\u662f\u8c03\u6210<\/p>\n<p>\u7cca\u72b6\u7684\u6c2f\u5316\u94f5\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\uff1b\u6700\u5916\u9762\u662f\u7531\u950c\u7b52\u5236\u6210\u7684\u5e72\u7535\u6c60\u5916\u58f3\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d1f\u6781\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u6c60\u9876\u90e8\u7528\u8721\u548c\u706b\u6f06\u5c01\u53e3 \u7535\u91cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u5728\u653e\u7535\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u6c14\u6da8\u6216\u6f0f\u6db2 \u624b\u7535\u7b52\u4e2d<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u4f5c\u7167\u660e<\/p>\n<p>\u78b1\u6027\u950c\u2014\u9530\u7535\u6c60 \u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u7531\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u6027\u53d8\u4e3a\u79bb\u5b50\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u78b1\u6027\uff0c\u8d1f\u6781\u7531\u950c\u7247<\/p>\n<p>\u6539\u4e3a\u950c\u7c89 \u53cd\u5e94\u9762\u79ef\u6210\u500d\u589e\u957f\uff0e\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u653e\u7535\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u950c\u2014\u9530\u7535\u6c60\u589e\u52a0\u51e0\u500d<\/p>\n<p>\u84c4<\/p>\n<p>\u7535<\/p>\n<p>\u6c60 \u94c5\u84c4\u7535\u6c60 \u7528\u542b\u9511 5 \uff05\uff5e 8 \uff05\u7684\u94c5\u9511\u5408\u91d1\u94f8\u6210\u683c\u677f\uff0c\u5728\u683c\u677f\u4e0a\u5206\u522b\u586b\u5145 PbO2<\/p>\n<p>\u548c Pb \u4f5c\u6b63\u6781\u548c\u8d1f\u6781\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4ea4\u66ff\u6392\u5217\u800c\u6210\uff0e\u5728\u7535\u6781\u4e4b\u95f4\u5145\u6709\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a 1.25 g \u00b7 cm \uff0d<\/p>\n<p>3 \uff5e 1.28 g \u00b7 cm \uff0d 3 \u7684 H2SO4 \u6eb6\u6db2 \u7535\u538b\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u53ef\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 \u7528\u4e8e\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u6469\u6258\u8f66\u7b49\u7684\u52a8\u529b<\/p>\n<p>\u954d\u2014\u9549\u53ef\u5145\u7535\u7535\u6c60 \u7528\u9549 (Cd) \u4e3a\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u8d1f\u6781\uff0c NiO(OH) \u4e3a\u7535\u6c60\u6b63\u6781\uff0c\u78b1\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e3a<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u89e3\u6db2 \u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u7535\u8bdd\u673a\u3001\u6536\u5f55\u673a\u7b49<\/p>\n<p>\u94f6\u2014\u950c\u84c4\u7535\u6c60 \u7528\u950c\u4e3a\u8d1f\u6781\uff0c\u6c27\u5316\u94f6 (Ag2O) \u4e3a\u6b63\u6781 \u4f53\u79ef\u5c0f\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u8f7b \u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u9020\u5730<\/p>\n<p>\u7403\u536b\u661f\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u706b\u7bad\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7535\u89c6\u8f6c\u64ad\u7ad9\u7b49<\/p>\n<p>\u65b0\u578b\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60 \u6c22\u6c27\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60 \u6c22\u6c14\u3001\u6c27\u6c14\u3001\u7532\u70f7\u3001\u7164\u6c14\u3001\u7a7a\u6c14\u3001\u6c2f\u6c14\u7b49\u5747\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a<\/p>\n<p>\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u539f\u6599 \u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u5316\u7387\u9ad8\u3001\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\uff1b\u71c3\u70e7\u4ea7\u7269\u4e3a\u6c34\uff0c\u4e0d\u6c61\u67d3\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n<p>\u94dd\u2014\u7a7a\u6c14\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60 \u7528\u94dd\u4e3a\u7535\u6c60\u8d1f\u6781\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u7b49\u76d0\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e3a\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\uff0c\u9760\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u6c27\u6c14\u4f7f\u94dd\u4e0d\u65ad\u6c27\u5316\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u6d41 \u4f53\u79ef\u5c0f\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u5927\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u8017\u80fd\u5c11 \u4ee3\u66ff\u6c7d\u6cb9\u4f5c<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u3001\u7167\u660e\u7535\u6e90\u3001\u91ce\u8425\u708a\u5177\u3001\u91ce\u5916\u4f5c\u4e1a\u5de5\u5177\u7b49<\/p>\n<p>\u9502\u7535\u6c60 \u7528\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u9502\u4f5c\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u8d1f\u6781 \u8d28\u91cf\u8f7b\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u3001\u8d2e\u5b58\u5bff\u547d\u957f \u7528<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8e\u7535\u8111\u3001\u7167\u76f8\u673a\u3001\u624b\u8868\u3001\u5fc3\u810f\u8d77\u640f\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u706b\u7bad\u3001\u5bfc\u5f39\u7b49\u7684\u52a8\u529b<\/p>\n<p>[ \u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u8150\u8680 ](1) \u91d1\u5c5e\u8150\u8680\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u91d1\u5c5e\u8150\u8680\u662f\u6307\u91d1\u5c5e\u6216\u5408\u91d1\u4e0e\u5468\u56f4\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u6216\u6db2\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u800c\u8150\u8680\u635f\u8017\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u91d1\u5c5e\u8150\u8680\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u91d1\u5c5e\u539f\u5b50\u5931\u53bb\u7535\u5b50\u53d8\u6210\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0e\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u5728\u8150<\/p>\n<p>\u8680\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u4e24\u79cd\u91d1\u5c5e\u8150\u8680\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5b66\u8150\u8680 \u7535\u5316\u5b66\u8150\u8680<\/p>\n<p>\u4ea7\u751f\u539f\u56e0 \u91d1\u5c5e\u8ddf\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684\u7269\u8d28 ( \u5982 O2 \u3001 Cl2 \u3001 SO2 \u7b49 ) \u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u751f\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94 \u4e0d\u7eaf<\/p>\n<p>\u91d1\u5c5e\u6216\u5408\u91d1\u4e0e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u63a5\u89e6<\/p>\n<p>\u7279 \u70b9 \u65e0\u7535\u6d41\u4ea7\u751f\uff0e\u4e3a\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94 \u5f62\u6210\u65e0\u6570\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u539f\u7535\u6c60\uff0c\u6709\u5fae\u5f31<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u6d41\u4ea7\u751f\uff0e\u4e3a\u539f\u5b50\u4e0e\u79bb\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3 \u679c \u91d1\u5c5e\u5931\u53bb\u7535\u5b50\u88ab\u6c27\u5316\u800c\u8150\u8680 \u8f83\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\u5931\u53bb\u7535\u5b50\u88ab\u6c27\u5316\u800c\u8150\u8680<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3e \u4f8b \u94c1\u8ddf\u6c2f\u6c14\u76f4\u63a5\u53cd\u5e94\u800c\u8150\u8680\uff1b\u94a2\u7ba1\u88ab\u539f\u6cb9\u4e2d\u7684\u542b\u786b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u8150\u8680 \u94a2\u94c1\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66<\/p>\n<p>\u8150\u8680\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u8d1f\u6781 (Fe) \uff1a 2Fe \uff0d 4e \uff0d\uff1d 2Fe2 \uff0b<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u6781 (C) \uff1a 2H2O + O2 + 4e \uff0d\uff1d 4OH \uff0d\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4 \u660e \u5728\u5316\u5b66\u8150\u8680\u548c\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u8150\u8680\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u8150\u8680\u662f\u9020\u6210\u94a2\u94c1\u8150\u8680\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u9632\u62a4\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u9009\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u6216\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5236\u6210\u5408\u91d1 ( \u5982\u4e0d\u9508\u94a2 ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u91c7\u7528\u55b7\u6f06\u3001\u6d82\u6cb9\u8102\u3001\u7535\u9540\u3001\u55b7\u9540\u6216\u8868\u9762\u949d\u5316\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e0e\u4ecb\u8d28\u9694\u79bb\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u89c4\u5f8b\u5927\u5168<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u70c3<\/p>\n<p>1 \uff0e\u70c3\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n<p>2 \uff0e\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6709\u673a\u7269 ] \u542b\u78b3\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u79f0\u4e3a\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u6709\u673a\u7269\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u6709\u673a\u7269\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u542b\u6709\u78b3\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269 ( \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u542b\u6709 H \u3001 O \u3001 N \u3001 S \u3001 P \u7b49 ) \uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u542b\u6709\u78b3\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5374\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6709\u673a\u7269\uff0c\u5982 CO \u3001 CO2 \u3001 H2CO3 \u3001\u78b3\u9178\u76d0\u3001<\/p>\n<p>CaC2 \u7b49\u5c11\u6570\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u6027\u8d28\u8ddf\u65e0\u673a\u7269\u5f88\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e0\u673a\u7269\uff0e \u6709\u673a\u7269\u79cd\u7c7b\u7e41\u591a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u6709 4 \u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u56db\u4e2a<\/p>\n<p>\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e0e\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u80fd\u4ee5\u5171\u4ef7\u952e ( \u78b3\u78b3\u5355\u952e\u3001\u78b3\u78b3\u53cc\u952e\u3001\u78b3\u78b3\u53c1<\/p>\n<p>\u952e ) \u5f62\u6210\u542b\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u78b3\u94fe\u6216\u73af\u72b6\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u70c3 ] \u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u78b3\u6c22\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u6307\u4ec5\u7531\u78b3\u548c\u6c22\u4e24\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0e\u6839\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u70c3\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u70f7\u70c3\u3001\u70ef\u70c3\u3001\u7094\u70c3\u3001\u82b3\u9999\u70c3\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f ] \u7528\u4e00\u6839\u77ed\u7ebf\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u5bf9\u5171\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u5404\u539f\u5b50\u7528\u77ed\u7ebf\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u5404\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6b21\u5e8f\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5f0f\u5b50\uff0e\u5982\u7532\u70f7\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u4e59\u70ef\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>H \uff0d C \uff0d H H H H \uff0d C \uff1d C \uff0d H<\/p>\n<p>[ \u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5f0f ] \u5c06\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u201c C \u2014 C \u201d\u952e\u548c\u201c C \u2014 H \u201d\u952e\u7701\u7565\u4e0d\u5199\u6240\u5f97\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5f0f\uff0e\u5982\u4e19\u70f7\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5f0f\u4e3a CH3CH2CH3 \uff0c\u4e59\u70ef\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a CH2 \uff1d CH2 \uff0c\u82ef\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5f0f\u4e3a \u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u70f7\u70c3 ] \u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u9971\u548c\u94fe\u70c3\uff0e\u6307\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e0e\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u90fd\u4ee5 C \u2014 C \u5355\u952e ( \u5373 1 \u4e2a<\/p>\n<p>\u5171\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9 ) \u7ed3\u5408\u6210\u94fe\u72b6\uff0c\u4e14\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u4ef7\u952e\u5168\u90e8\u8ddf\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b<\/p>\n<p>\u70c3\uff0e\u201c\u70f7\u201d\u5373\u9971\u548c\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0e CH4 \u3001 CH3CH3 \u3001 CH3CH2CH3 \u2026\u2026\u7b49\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u70f7\u70c3\uff0e\u70f7\u70c3<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u662f\u7532\u70f7\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u540c\u7cfb\u7269 ] \u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u4e0a\u76f8\u5dee\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a CH2 \u539f\u5b50\u56e2\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\uff0c\u4e92\u79f0<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u7cfb\u7269\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u5224\u65ad\u6709\u673a\u7269\u4e92\u4e3a\u540c\u7cfb\u7269\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8981\u70b9\uff1b\u2460\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5373\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u7269<\/p>\n<p>\u8d28\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684\u70f7\u70c3 ( \u6216\u5355\u70ef\u70c3\u3001\u7094\u70c3\u3001\u82ef\u7684\u540c\u7cfb\u7269 ) \u5747\u4e92\u4e3a\u540c<\/p>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7269\uff0e\u7531\u4e8e\u540c\u7cfb\u7269\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5219\u540c\u7cfb\u7269\u4e00\u5b9a\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u901a\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5206<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\u5f0f\u901a\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u540c\u7cfb\u7269\uff0e\u7531\u4e8e\u540c\u7cfb\u7269\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5316\u5b66<\/p>\n<p>\u6027\u8d28\u4e5f\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0e\u2461\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u4e0a\u76f8\u5dee\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a CH2 \u539f\u5b50\u56e2\uff0e\u7531\u4e8e\u540c\u7cfb\u7269\u5728\u5206\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec4\u6210\u4e0a\u76f8\u5dee CH2 \u539f\u5b50\u56e2\u7684\u500d\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u540c\u7cfb\u7269\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u540c\u7cfb\u7269\u6784\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7269\u8d28\u53eb\u505a\u540c\u7cfb\u5217 ( \u7c7b\u4f3c\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u5217 ) \uff0c\u70f7\u70c3\u3001\u70ef\u70c3\u3001\u7094\u70c3\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u82ef\u7684\u540c\u7cfb\u7269\u7b49\u5404\u81ea\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u7cfb\u5217\uff0e\u5728\u540c\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u5448\u4e00\u5b9a\u89c4\u5f8b\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2a\u901a\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94 ] \u6709\u673a\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u539f\u5b50\u56e2\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u539f\u5b50\u56e2\u6240\u4ee3\u66ff\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u53eb<\/p>\n<p>\u505a\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u6839\u636e\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u539f\u5b50\u56e2\u88ab\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u539f\u5b50\u56e2 [ \u5982\uff0d<\/p>\n<p>X( \u5364\u539f\u5b50 ) \u3001\uff0d NO2( \u785d\u57fa ) \uff0c\uff0d SO3H( \u78fa\u9178\u57fa ) \uff0c\u7b49\u7b49 ] \u6240\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94\u53c8\u5206<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u5364\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u785d\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u78fa\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u5364\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>CH4 + C12 \u2192 CH3C1 + HCl( \u53cd\u5e94\u8fde\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u751f\u6210 CH2C12 \u3001 CHCl3 \u3001<\/p>\n<p>CCl4)( \u4e00 NO2 \u53eb\u785d\u57fa )<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u785d\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u78fa\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u5982\uff1a ( \u4e00 SO3H \u53eb\u78fa\u9178\u57fa )<\/p>\n<p>[ \u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0e\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u73b0\u8c61\uff0e\u5177\u6709<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e92\u4e3a\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u2460\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u7684\u901a\u5f0f\u76f8<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\uff0e\u4f46\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\u65f6<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\uff0e\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7b80\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u540c<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6700\u7b80\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u76f8\u540c\uff0e\u2461\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5373\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u539f\u5b50\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0e\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u7269\u8d28\uff0e\u5f53\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u8d28\u65f6\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b\u5f53\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u7269\u8d28\u65f6\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7269<\/p>\n<p>\u7406\u6027\u8d28\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u70c3\u57fa ] \u70c3\u5206\u5b50\u5931\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u51e0\u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u540e\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0e\u70c3\u57fa\u7684\u901a\u5f0f\u7528\u201c R \uff0d\u201d\u8868<\/p>\n<p>\u793a\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\uff0d CH3( \u7532\u57fa ) \u3001\uff0d CH2CH3( \u4e59\u57fa ) \u3001\uff0d CH \uff1d CH2( \u4e59\u70ef\u57fa ) \u3001\uff0d<\/p>\n<p>C6H5 \u6216 f \u4eca\u80c3 ( \u82ef\u57fa ) \u7b49\uff0e\u70f7\u57fa\u662f\u70f7\u70c3\u5206\u5b50\u5931\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u540e\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u56e2\uff0c\u5176<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff0d CnH2n+1 \uff0e\u70c3\u57fa\u662f\u542b\u6709\u672a\u6210\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u56e2\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\uff0d CH3 \u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5f0f\u4e3a<\/p>\n<p>1 mol \uff0d CH3 \u4e2d\u542b\u6709 9 mol \u7535\u5b50\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u70c3 ] \u5206\u5b50\u91cc\u542b\u6709\u78b3\u78b3\u53cc\u952e (C \uff1d C) \u6216\u78b3\u78b3\u53c1\u952e (C \u2261 C) \u7684\u70c3\uff0c\u53cc\u952e\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6216<\/p>\n<p>\u53c1\u952e\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6240\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u6570\u5c11\u4e8e\u70f7\u70c3\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u6570\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u518d\u7ed3\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u539f\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>\u6216\u539f\u5b50\u56e2\uff0e\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u70c3\u5305\u62ec\u70ef\u70c3\u3001\u7094\u70c3\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94 ] \u6709\u673a\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u53cc\u952e\u6216\u53c1\u952e\u4e24\u7aef\u7684\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u539f\u5b50\u56e2\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3<\/p>\n<p>\u5408\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u952e\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u952e\u4e0a\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u79f0\u4e3a<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\u603b\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0e\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\u80fd\u4f7f\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u53d8\u6210\u9971\u548c\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\uff0e\u70ef\u70c3\u3001\u7094\u70c3\u3001\u82ef\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u7cfb\u7269\u5747\u53ef\u53d1\u751f\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>(1 \uff0c 2 \uff0d\u4e8c\u6eb4\u4e59\u70f7 )<\/p>\n<p>(1 \uff0c 2 \uff0d\u4e8c\u6eb4\u4e59\u70ef )<\/p>\n<p>(1 \uff0c 1 \uff0c 2 \uff0c 2 \uff0d\u56db\u6eb4\u4e59\u70f7 )[ \u805a\u5408\u53cd\u5e94 ] \u805a\u5408\u53cd\u5e94\u53c8\u53eb\u505a\u52a0\u805a\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u662f\u7531\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u5c0f\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5206\u5b50 ( \u5373\u5355<\/p>\n<p>\u4f53 ) \u4e92\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u6210\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u5927\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50 ( \u5373\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269 ) \u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u52a0\u805a\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u5408\u6210\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53cd\u5e94\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0e\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u52a0\u805a\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e00\u5b9a<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u6709\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u952e\uff0e\u52a0\u805a\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u539f\u7406\u662f\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u952e\u6253\u5f00\u540e\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u94fe\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>( \u805a\u4e59\u70ef )<\/p>\n<p>( \u805a\u6c2f\u4e59\u70ef )<\/p>\n<p>[ \u70ef\u70c3 ] \u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u78b3\u78b3\u53cc\u952e (C \uff1d C \u952e ) \u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u70c3\uff0e\u6839\u636e\u70c3\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u6240\u542b\u78b3\u78b3<\/p>\n<p>\u53cc\u952e\u6570\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u70ef\u70c3\u53c8\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5355\u70ef\u70c3 ( \u542b\u4e00\u4e2a C \uff1d C \u952e ) \u3001\u4e8c\u70ef\u70c3 ( \u542b\u4e24\u4e2a C \uff1d C<\/p>\n<p>\u952e ) \u7b49\uff0e\u70ef\u70c3\u4e2d\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u662f\u4e59\u70ef\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u7094\u70c3 ] \u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u78b3\u78b3\u53c1\u952e (C \u2261 C \u952e ) \u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u70c3\uff0e\u7094\u70c3\u4e2d\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u662f\u4e59\u7094\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u82b3\u9999\u70c3 ] \u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u82ef\u73af\u7684\u78b3\u6c22\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u82b3\u9999\u70c3\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u82b3\u70c3\uff0e\u82ef<\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u82b3\u70c3\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u77f3\u6cb9\u7684\u5206\u998f ] \u662f\u6307\u7528\u84b8\u53d1\u548c\u51b7\u51dd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u628a\u77f3\u6cb9\u5206\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u6cb8\u70b9\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u84b8\u998f\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u8fc7<\/p>\n<p>\u7a0b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u2460\u77f3\u6cb9\u7684\u5206\u998f\u662f\u7269\u7406\u53d8\u5316\uff1b\u2461\u77f3\u6cb9\u7684\u5206\u998f\u5206\u4e3a\u5e38\u538b\u5206\u998f\u548c\u51cf\u538b\u5206\u998f\u4e24<\/p>\n<p>\u79cd\uff0e\u5e38\u538b\u5206\u998f\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5e38\u538b (1.0l \u00d7 l05Pa) \u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5206\u998f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u6599\u662f\u539f\u6cb9\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ea7<\/p>\n<p>\u54c1\u6709\u6eb6\u5242\u6cb9\u3001\u6c7d\u6cb9\u3001\u7164\u6cb9\u3001\u67f4\u6cb9\u548c\u91cd\u6cb9\uff0e\u51cf\u538b\u5206\u998f\u662f\u5229\u7528\u201c\u538b\u5f3a\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6cb8\u70b9<\/p>\n<p>\u8d8a\u4f4e\u201d\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4f7f\u91cd\u6cb9\u5728\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5e38\u538b\u4e0b\u7684\u6cb8\u70b9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6cb8\u817e\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u998f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u77f3\u6cb9\u7684\u88c2\u5316\u548c\u88c2\u89e3 ] \u88c2\u5316\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\u3001\u6cb8\u70b9\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u70c3<\/p>\n<p>\u65ad\u88c2\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u3001\u6cb8\u70b9\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u70c3\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0e\u5728\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u7684\u88c2\u5316\uff0c\u53c8\u53eb\u505a<\/p>\n<p>\u50ac\u5316\u88c2\u5316\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>C16H34 C8H18 + C8H16<\/p>\n<p>\u88c2\u89e3\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u6bd4\u88c2\u5316\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u77f3\u6cb9\u5206\u998f\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u957f\u94fe\u70c3\u65ad\u88c2\u6210\u4e59\u70ef\u3001\u4e19\u70ef\u7b49\u77ed<\/p>\n<p>\u94fe\u70c3\u7684\u52a0\u5de5\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0e\u88c2\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6df1\u5ea6\u88c2\u5316\uff0c\u88c2\u89e3\u6c14\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4ea7\u54c1\u662f\u4e59\u70ef\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u7164\u7684\u5e72\u998f ] \u53c8\u53eb\u505a\u7164\u7684\u7126\u5316\uff0e\u662f\u5c06\u7164\u9694\u7edd\u7a7a\u6c14\u52a0\u5f3a\u70ed\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u2460\u7164\u7684\u5e72\u998f\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u53d8\u5316\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u7164\u5e72\u998f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4ea7\u54c1\u6709\u7126\u70ad\u3001\u7164\u7126\u6cb9\u3001\u7126\u7089\u6c14 ( \u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206\u4e3a\u6c22\u6c14\u3001\u7532\u70f7\u7b49 ) \u3001\u7c97\u6c28<\/p>\n<p>\u6c34\u548c\u7c97\u82ef\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u7164\u7684\u6c14\u5316\u548c\u6db2\u5316 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u7164\u7684\u6c14\u5316\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u628a\u7164\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u53ef\u71c3\u6027\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0e\u2461\u4e3b\u8981\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g)<\/p>\n<p>\u2467\u7164\u6c14\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3001\u70ed\u503c\u548c\u7528\u9014\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u7164\u6c14\u79cd\u7c7b \u4f4e\u70ed\u503c\u6c14 \u4e2d\u70ed\u503c\u6c14 \u9ad8\u70ed\u503c\u6c14 ( \u5408\u6210\u5929\u7136\u6c14 )<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u6210\u6761\u4ef6 \u78b3\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7 \u78b3\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u4e2d\u71c3\u70e7 CO + 3H2 C H4 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u6210 \u5206 CO \u3001 H2 \u3001\u76f8\u5f53\u91cf\u7684 N2 CO \u3001 H2 \u3001\u5c11\u91cf CH4 \u4e3b\u8981\u662f CH4<\/p>\n<p>\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u7528\u9014 \u70ed\u503c\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0e\u7528\u4f5c\u51b6\u91d1\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u71c3\u6599\u6c14 \u70ed\u503c\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u77ed\u8ddd\u79bb\u8f93<\/p>\n<p>\u9001\uff0e\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u5c45\u6c11\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7164\u6c14\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u5408\u6210\u6c28\u3001\u7532\u9187\u7684\u539f\u6599\u7b49 \u70ed\u503c\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u8fdc\u8ddd<\/p>\n<p>\u79bb\u8f93\u9001<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u7164\u7684\u6db2\u5316\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u628a\u7164\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u6db2\u4f53\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u7164\u7684\u6db2\u5316\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>a \uff0e\u76f4\u63a5\u6db2\u5316\uff1a\u628a\u7164\u4e0e\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6eb6\u5242\u6df7\u5408\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u3001\u9ad8\u538b\u4e0b ( \u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u4f7f\u7528\u50ac\u5316\u5242 ) \uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7164\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c14\u4f5c\u7528\u751f\u6210\u6db2\u4f53\u71c3\u6599\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>b \uff0e\u95f4\u63a5\u6db2\u5316\uff1a\u5982\u56fe 3 \u2014 11 \u2014 1 \u6240\u793a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>3 \uff0e\u70f7\u70c3\u3001\u70ef\u70c3\u7684\u547d\u540d<\/p>\n<p>[ \u70f7\u70c3\u7684\u547d\u540d ]<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u4e60\u60ef\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\uff0e\u5f53\u70f7\u70c3\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u6240\u542b\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e60\u60ef\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\uff0e\u5176\u547d\u540d\u6b65<\/p>\n<p>\u9aa4\u8981\u70b9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a a \uff0e\u6570\u51fa\u70f7\u70c3\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u603b\u6570\uff0e\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u603b\u6570\u5728 10 \u4ee5\u5185\u7684\uff0c\u4ece<\/p>\n<p>1 \uff5e 10 \u4f9d\u6b21\u7528\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u3001\u4e19\u3001\u4e01\u3001\u620a\u3001\u5df1\u3001\u5e9a\u3001\u8f9b\u3001\u58ec\u3001\u7678\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0e b \uff0e\u5f53\u70f7\u70c3\u5206<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\u4e2d\u65e0\u652f\u94fe\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u201c\u6b63\u201d\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5982\uff1a CH3CH2CH2CH3 \u53eb\u6b63\u4e01\u70f7\uff1b\u5f53\u70f7\u70c3\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u542b<\/p>\n<p>\u201c CHa&#8211;CH&#8211; \u201d\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\uff0c\u7528<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a a \uff0e\u9009\u4e3b\u94fe\uff0e\u9009\u62e9\u652f\u94fe\u6700\u591a\u4e14\u542b\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6570\u6700\u591a\u7684\u78b3\u94fe\u4f5c\u4e3b\u94fe\uff0c\u5e76\u79f0\u201c\u67d0\u70f7\u201d\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>b \uff0e\u5b9a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0e\u9009\u62e9\u79bb\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u652f\u94fe ( \u5373\u542b\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6570\u6700\u5c11 ) \u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u94fe\u7684\u8d77<\/p>\n<p>\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u6570\u4e4b\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\uff1b c \uff0e\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\uff0c\u5199\u5728\u524d\uff0c\u6ce8\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u77ed\u7ebf\u8fde\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>d \uff0e\u76f8\u540c\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u8981\u5408\u5e76\uff0e\u4e0d\u540c\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5176\u4f4d\u6b21\u5927\u5c0f\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u5728\u524d\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5728\u540e\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u70ef\u70c3\u7684\u547d\u540d ] \u5728\u7ed9\u70ef\u70c3\u547d\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u59cb\u7ec8\u6ce8\u610f\u5230 C \uff1d C \u952e\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a\u2460\u9009\u62e9\u542b\u6709<\/p>\n<p>C \uff1d C \u5728\u5185\u7684\u6700\u957f\u78b3\u94fe\u4f5c\u4e3b\u94fe ( \u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u65f6\u4e3b\u94fe\u4e0a\u542b\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6570\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6700\u591a ) \uff1b\u2461\u4ece\u79bb<\/p>\n<p>C \uff1d C \u952e\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u5f00\u59cb\u7ed9\u4e3b\u94fe\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7f16\u53f7\uff1b\u2467\u5728\u201c\u67d0\u70ef\u201d\u5b57\u6837\u524d\u7528\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6570<\/p>\n<p>\u5b57\u201c 1 \u3001 2 \u2026\u201d\u7ed9\u70ef\u70c3\u7f16\u53f7\uff0e\u5176\u4f59\u4e0e\u70f7\u70c3\u7684\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u540c\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>CH3&#8211;CHz&#8211;&#8216;&lt;3&#8211;&lt;3H2&#8211;K3H3\uff0c l<\/p>\n<p>CHc<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a 2 \u2014\u4e59\u57fa\u2014 l \u2014\u4e01\u70ef\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>4 \uff0e\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u6709\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6<\/p>\n<p>[ \u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u7194\u70b9\u3001\u6cb8\u70b9\u9ad8\u4f4e\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b ]<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u5f53\u4e3a\u8102\u80aa\u70c3\u7684\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u65f6\uff0c\u652f\u94fe\u8d8a\u591a ( \u5c11 ) \uff0c\u6cb8\u70b9\u8d8a\u4f4e ( \u9ad8 ) \uff1b\u2461\u5f53\u4e3a\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a<\/p>\n<p>\u4fa7\u94fe\u7684\u82ef\u7684\u540c\u7cfb\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u4fa7\u94fe\u76f8\u9694\u8d8a\u8fdc ( \u8fd1 ) \uff0c\u6cb8\u70b9\u8d8a\u9ad8 ( \u4f4e ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b ]<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7c7b\u522b\u5f02\u6784\uff0c\uff1f\uff1f\uff1f\u5982\u70f7\u70c3\u4e0e\u70ef\u70c3\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\uff1b\u2461\u78b3\u94fe\u5f02\u6784 ( \u82ef<\/p>\n<p>\u73af\u4e0a\u6709\u90bb\u3001\u95f4\u3001\u5bf9\u4f4d\u4e09\u79cd\u5f02\u6784 ) \uff1b\u2462\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f02\u6784 ( \u5728\u201c\u70c3\u7684\u884d\u751f\u7269\u201d\u4e2d\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60<\/p>\n<p>\u5230 ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u89c4\u5f8b 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X2<\/p>\n<p>\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u751f\u6210 CH3X \u3001 CH2X2 \u3001 CHX3 \u3001 CX4 \u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff1b\u2462\u70ed\u5206\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>9u \u9ad8\u6e29 \u2014 ( \u9694\u7edd\u7a7a\u6c14 ) \u2014 C+2H2( \u6ce8\uff1a X \u4e3a\u5364\u7d20 ) \u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u6d3b\u6cfc\u2460\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e X2 \u3001 HX \u3001 H2 \u3001 H2O \u7b49\u52a0\u6210\uff0c\u80fd\u4f7f\u6eb4\u6c34\u892a\u8272\u2461\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\u80fd\u4f7f\u9178\u6027 KMnO4<\/p>\n<p>\u6eb6\u6db2\u892a\u8272\u2462\u52a0\u805a\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>nCH2 \uff1d CH2 \u50ac\u5316\u5242 \u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u6d3b\u6cfc\u2460\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\u4e0e X2 \u3001 HX \u3001 H2 \u3001 H2O \u7b49\u52a0\u6210\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u80fd\u4f7f\u6eb4\u6c34\u892a\u8272\uff0e\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\u80fd\u4f7f\u9178\u6027 KMnO4 \u6eb6\u6db2\u892a\u8272 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\uff0e\u70f7\u70c3\u3001\u70ef\u70c3\u3001\u7094\u70c3\u53ca\u82ef\u7684\u540c\u7cfb\u7269\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/p>\n<p>\u70c3\u7684\u7c7b\u522b \u70f7 \u70c3 \u70ef \u70c3 \u7094 \u70c3 \u82ef\u7684\u540c\u7cfb\u7269<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u901a\u5f0f CnH2n+2<\/p>\n<p>(n \u2265 1) CnH2n<\/p>\n<p>(n \u2265 2) CnH2n \uff0d 2<\/p>\n<p>(n \u2265 2) CnH2n \uff0d 6<\/p>\n<p>(n \u2265 6)<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u70b9 \u5206\u5b50\u4e2d C \u539f\u5b50\u95f4\u5747\u4ee5 C \uff0d C \u5355\u952e\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u94fe\u72b6\uff1b\u78b3\u94fe\u4e3a\u952f\u9f7f\u5f62\uff1b C \uff0d<\/p>\n<p>C \u952e\u53ef\u65cb\u8f6c \u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u542b C \uff1d C \u952e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u952e\u80fd\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u6613\u65ad\u88c2\uff1b C \uff1d C \u952e\u4e0d\u80fd<\/p>\n<p>\u65cb\u8f6c \u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u542b C \u2261 C \u952e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u952e\u952e\u80fd\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u6613\u65ad\u88c2\uff0c C \u2261 C 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\uff0e\u91cf\u7b52\u5185\u6c34\u9762\u4e0a\u5347 ( \u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u6c14\u4f53\u603b\u4f53\u79ef\u51cf\u5c0f\u4e14\u751f\u6210\u7684 HCl \u6c14\u4f53\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34 ) \uff1b<\/p>\n<p>c \uff0e\u6c34\u69fd\u4e2d\u6709\u6676\u4f53\u6790\u51fa ( \u751f\u6210\u7684 HCl \u6c14\u4f53\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u540e\u4f7f NaCl \u6eb6\u6db2\u8fc7\u9971\u548c ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9\uff1a a \uff0e\u4e0d\u8981\u5c06\u6df7\u5408\u6c14\u4f53\u653e\u5728\u65e5\u5149\u76f4\u5c04\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u5f15\u8d77\u7206\u70b8\uff1b b \uff0e\u53cd<\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u4ea7\u7269\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u6c14\u4f53 (HCl \u3001 CH3Cl) \u548c\u4e09\u79cd\u6db2\u4f53 (CH2Cl2 \u3001 CHCl3 \u3001 CCl4) \u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u4e59\u70ef\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u6cd5 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u53cd\u5e94\u539f\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>CH3CH2OH CH \uff1d CH2++H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6240\u9700\u4e3b\u8981\u4eea\u5668\u548c\u7528\u54c1\uff1a\u9152\u7cbe\u706f\uff0c\u5706\u5e95\u70e7\u74f6\uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6\u8ba1\uff0c\u53cc\u5b54\u6a61\u80f6\u585e\uff0c\u788e\u74f7\u7247\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u53d1\u751f\u88c5\u7f6e\uff1a\u6db2 + \u6db2\u4e8c \u6c14\u4f53\u578b\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0e\u4e0e\u5236 C12 \u3001 HCl \u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u88c5\u7f6e\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700<\/p>\n<p>\u5c06\u5236 C12 \u3001 HCl \u6c14\u4f53\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u6db2\u6f0f\u6597\u6539\u4e3a\u6e29\u5ea6\u8ba1\u5373\u53ef\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u6536\u96c6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6392\u6c34\u6cd5 ( \u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6392\u7a7a\u6c14\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e59\u70ef\u4e0e\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1 ) \uff0e\u2464\u53cd\u5e94\u6db2\u4e2d\u65e0\u6c34\u9152\u7cbe\u4e0e\u6d53 H2SO4 \u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u6bd4\u4e3a 1 \u2236 3 \uff0e\u5e94\u9996\u5148\u5411\u70e7\u74f6\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u9152\u7cbe\uff0c\u518d<\/p>\n<p>\u6162\u6162\u5730\u6ce8\u5165\u6d53 H2SO4( \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6d53 H2SO4 \u52a0\u6c34\u7a00\u91ca ) \u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u91cf\u6d53 H2SO4 \uff0c\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8<\/p>\n<p>\u4e59\u70ef\u7684\u4ea7\u7387\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e59\u70ef\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2465\u6d53 H2SO4 \u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u548c\u8131\u6c34\u5242\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2466\u6e29\u5ea6\u8ba1\u6c34\u94f6\u7403\u653e\u7f6e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u63d2\u5165\u53cd\u5e94\u6db2\u4e2d ( \u4ee5\u51c6\u786e\u6d4b\u5b9a\u53cd\u5e94\u6db2\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6 ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2467\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u526f\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2CH3CH2OH C2H5OC2H5 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e59\u919a\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u52a0\u70ed\u5236\u4e59\u70ef\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u8fc5\u901f\u4f7f\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\u5230 170 \u2103\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e59\u919a\u7684\u751f\u6210\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e59\u70ef\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>C2H5OH + 4H2SO4( \u6d53 ) \uff1d 4SO2 \u2191 + CO2 \u2191 + C \u2193 + 7H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u52a0\u70ed\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u6db2\u7684\u989c\u8272\u7531\u65e0\u8272\u53d8\u4e3a\u68d5\u8272\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53d8\u4e3a\u9ed1\u8910\u8272\uff0e\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d53<\/p>\n<p>H2SO4 \u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u90e8\u5206\u4e59\u9187\u6c27\u5316\u4e3a\u70ad\uff0e\u7531\u4e8e\u6709\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u526f\u53cd\u5e94\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5236\u5f97\u7684\u4e59\u70ef\u4e2d\u4f1a\u6df7\u6709 CO2 \u3001 SO2 \u7b49\u6742\u8d28\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d SO2 \u4e5f\u80fd\u4f7f\u9178\u6027 KMnO4 \u6eb6<\/p>\n<p>\u6db2\u6216\u6eb4\u6c34\u892a\u8272\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u505a\u4e59\u70ef\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5e94\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u6c14\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u78b1\u77f3\u7070\u6216\u78b1\u6db2<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u9664\u53bb SO2 \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2468\u5728\u5706\u5e95\u70e7\u74f6\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u788e\u74f7\u7247\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u9632\u6b62\u6db2\u4f53\u53d7\u70ed\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u66b4\u6cb8\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u4e59\u7094\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u6cd5 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u53cd\u5e94\u539f\u7406\uff1a CaC2 + 2H2O \u2192 Ca(OH)2 \u2193 + CH \u2261 CH \u2191<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u88c5\u7f6e\uff1a\u56fa + \u6db2 \u2192 \u6c14\u4f53\u578b\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e0e\u5236 H2 \u3001 CO2 \u7b49\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u88c5\u7f6e\u76f8\u540c\uff0e\u7528\u6392<\/p>\n<p>\u6c34\u96c6\u6c14\u6cd5\u6536\u96c6\u4e59\u7094\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u6240\u9700\u4e3b\u8981\u4eea\u5668\uff1b\u5206\u6db2\u6f0f\u6597\uff0c\u5e73\u5e95\u70e7\u74f6 ( \u6216\u5927\u8bd5\u7ba1\u3001\u5e7f\u53e3\u74f6\u3001\u9525\u5f62\u74f6\u7b49 ) \uff0c\u53cc\u5b54\u6a61<\/p>\n<p>\u80f6\u585e\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u542f\u666e\u53d1\u751f\u5668\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a a \uff0e\u78b3\u5316\u9499\u4e0e\u6c34\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u8f83\u5267\u70c8\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u542f\u666e\u53d1\u751f\u5668\u96be<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\uff1b b \uff0e\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u653e\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u70ed\uff0c\u6613\u4f7f\u542f\u666e\u53d1\u751f\u5668\u70b8\u88c2\uff1b c \uff0e\u53cd\u5e94\u751f<\/p>\n<p>\u6210\u7684 Ca(OH)2 \u4e3a\u6d46\u72b6\u7269\uff0c\u6613\u5835\u585e\u5bfc\u7ba1\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2464\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff1a a \uff0e\u4e3a\u51cf\u7f13\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5e73\u7a33\u7684\u4e59\u7094\u6c14\u6d41\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u9971\u548c NaCl \u6eb6\u6db2\u4ee3<\/p>\n<p>\u66ff\u6c34\uff0c\u7528\u5757\u72b6\u7535\u77f3\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u7c89\u672b\u72b6\u7684\u7535\u77f3\uff0e b \uff0e\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u53cd\u5e94\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6ce1\u6cab\u5835\u585e\u5bfc\u7ba1\uff0c\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5bfc\u6c14\u7ba1\u53e3\u9644\u8fd1\u585e\u4e0a\u5c11\u91cf\u68c9\u82b1\uff0e c \uff0e\u7535\u77f3\u4e2d\u6df7\u6709 CaS \u3001 Ca3P2 \u7b49\u6742\u8d28\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u8ddf<\/p>\n<p>\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210 H2S \u3001<\/p>\n<p>PH3 \u7b49\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7528\u7535\u77f3\u5236\u5f97\u7684\u4e59\u7094 ( \u4fd7\u79f0\u7535\u77f3\u6c14 ) \u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u81ed\u5473\uff0e\u628a\u6df7\u6709\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6df7<\/p>\n<p>\u5408\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u4e59\u7094\u6c14\u901a\u8fc7\u76db\u6709 CuSO4 \u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u6d17\u6c14\u74f6\uff0c\u53ef\u9664\u53bb H2S \u3001 PH3 \u7b49\u6742\u8d28\u6c14\u4f53\uff0e[ \u77f3\u6cb9\u7684\u5206\u998f ]<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u77f3\u6cb9\u4e2d\u6240\u542b\u5404\u79cd\u70c3\u7684\u6cb8\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u70ed\u548c\u51b7\u51dd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u77f3\u6cb9\u5206<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u6cb8\u70b9\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u84b8\u998f\u4ea7\u7269\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u4eea\u5668\uff1a\u9152\u7cbe\u706f\uff0c\u84b8\u998f\u70e7\u74f6 ( \u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u9632\u6b62\u77f3\u6cb9\u66b4\u6cb8\u7684\u788e\u74f7\u7247 ) \uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6\u8ba1\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u51b7\u51dd\u7ba1\uff0c\u5c3e\u63a5\u7ba1\uff0c\u9525\u5f62\u74f6\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u6e29\u5ea6\u8ba1\u6c34\u94f6\u7403\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a\u84b8\u998f\u70e7\u74f6\u652f\u7ba1\u53e3 ( \u7528\u4ee5\u6d4b\u5b9a\u84b8\u6c14\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6 ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u51b7\u51dd\u7ba1\u4e2d\u6c34\u6d41\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u7531\u4e0b\u5f80\u4e0a ( 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\uff1d\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u6c42\u5f97\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e a \uff0e\u5df2\u77e5 C \u3001 H \u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u6bd4 ( \u6216 C \u3001 H \u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\uff0c\u6216\u71c3\u70e7\u4ea7\u7269\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u91cf ) \uff0c\u5747\u53ef\u6c42\u51fa\u8be5\u70c3\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5f0f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>b \uff0e\u6c42\u6709\u673a\u7269\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\uff1d m \uff0f n<\/p>\n<p>\u6216<\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u6c14\u6001\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\uff1d\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\u8be5\u6c14\u4f53\u5bc6\u5ea6\u00d7 22.4<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u673a\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\uff1d W \u603b\uff0f n \u603b<\/p>\n<p>\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6c42\u7b97\uff1a M \u672a\u77e5\uff1d D \u00b7 M \u5df2\u77e5\uff0c\u5373 \u03c1 A\/ \u03c1 B \uff1d MA \uff0f MB \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\uff1a\u2460\u4e5f\u53ef\u5148\u6c42\u51fa\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u518d\u6839\u636e\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u76f4\u63a5<\/p>\n<p>\u6c42\u5f97\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u4f9d\u5404\u7c7b\u70c3\u7684\u901a\u5f0f\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf ( \u6216\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u6240\u542b\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u603b\u6570 ) \u6c42\u7b97\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u5546\u4f59\u6cd5\uff1a\u70c3\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\uff0f 12 \u2192 \u5546\u4e3a C \u539f\u5b50\u6570\uff0c\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a H \u539f\u5b50\u6570\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f \u4e00\u4e2a C \u539f\u5b50\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e 12 \u4e2a H \u539f\u5b50\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b \u67d0\u70c3\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a 128 \uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u70c3\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u4e3a\u6216\uff0e\u2463\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u6cd5\uff1a\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6df7\u5408\u70c3\u7684\u6709\u5173\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5404\u7ec4\u5206\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u5e73\u5747\u503c<\/p>\n<p>\u6765\u63a8\u65ad\u70c3\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0e\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u6cd5\u7279\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7f3a\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6c42\u89e3\u7684\u8ba1<\/p>\n<p>\u7b97\uff0e\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a\u5e73\u5747\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u6cd5\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6cd5\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u6cd5\u548c\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u70c3\u7684\u71c3\u70e7\u8ba1\u7b97 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u70c3\u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u901a\u5f0f\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>a \uff0e\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u65f6 (O2 \u5145\u8db3 ) \uff1a + (+\/4)O2 \u2192 CO2 + \/ 2H2O<\/p>\n<p>b \uff0e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u65f6 (O2 \u4e0d\u5145\u8db3 ) \uff1a<\/p>\n<p>+ ()O2 \u2192 CO2 + ()CO + \/ 2H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u4e0d\u540c\u70c3\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u65f6\u8017 O2 \u91cf\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>a \uff0e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff1a () \u7684\u503c\u6108\u5927\uff0c\u8017 O2 \u91cf\u6108\u591a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>b \uff0c\u8d28\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u5c06 CxHy \u53d8\u6362\u4e3a\u5219\u503c\u8d8a\u5927 ( \u5c0f ) \uff0c\u8017 O2 \u91cf\u8d8a\u591a ( \u5c11 ) \uff1b\u503c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8017 O2 \u91cf\u76f8\u540c\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u6700\u7b80\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8017 O2 \u91cf\u76f8\u540c\uff0e\u6700\u7b80\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6709\uff1a (CH)n \u2014\u2014 C2H2 \u4e0e C6H6 \u7b49\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>(CH2)n \u2014\u2014\u70ef\u70c3\u4e0e\u73af\u70f7\u70c3\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>c \uff0e\u6700\u7b80\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u70c3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u4ee5\u4f55\u79cd\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u7684\u603b\u8d28\u91cf\u4e00\u5b9a\uff0c\u5219\u8017 O2<\/p>\n<p>\u91cf\u4e00\u5b9a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u70c3\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u65f6\uff0c\u70c3\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d H \u539f\u5b50\u6570\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94\u524d\u540e\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf ( \u6216\u538b\u5f3a\u6216\u4f53\u79ef )<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>a \uff0e t \u2265 100 \u2103\u65f6 ( \u6c34\u4e3a\u6c14\u4f53 ) \uff1a<\/p>\n<p>(g) + (+\/4)O2 \u2192 CO2(g) + \/ 2H2O(g)<\/p>\n<p>(+\/4) \/ 2<\/p>\n<p>\u2235 V \u524d\uff1d 1++\/4 V \u540e\uff1d +\/ 2 \u2234 V \u524d\uff0d V \u540e\uff1d 1 \uff0d \/4<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53 V \u524d\uff1d V \u540e\u65f6\uff0c\uff1d 4 \uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53 V \u524d\uff1e V \u540e\u65f6\uff0c\uff1c 4 \uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53 V \u524d\uff1c V \u540e\u65f6\uff0c\uff1e 4 \uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u70c3\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u524d\u540e\u6c14\u4f53\u4f53\u79ef\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ea\u4e0e\u70c3\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684 H \u539f\u5b50\u6570\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e C<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u5b50\u6570\u65e0\u5173 ( \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u70c3\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u9a8c\u7b97\u8017 O2 \u91cf ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u89c4\u5f8b\uff1a\u25b2\u82e5\u71c3\u70e7\u524d\u540e\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5219\uff1d 4 \uff0e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u70c3\u6709 CH4 \u3001 C2H4 \u3001 C3H4 \u53ca\u5176\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u82e5\u71c3\u70e7\u540e\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u5219\uff1c 4 \uff0e\u53ea\u6709 C2H2 \u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u82e5\u71c3\u70e7\u540e\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u5219\uff1e 4 \uff0e\u7528\u4f53\u79ef\u589e\u91cf\u6cd5\u6765\u6c42\u7b97\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u70c3\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>b \uff0e t \uff1c 100 \u2103\u65f6 ( \u6c34\u4e3a\u6db2\u4f53 ) \uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u8f83\u53cd\u5e94\u524d\u6052\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u7528\u4f53\u79ef\u51cf\u91cf\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>(g) + (+\/4)O2 \u2192 CO2(g) + \/ 2H2O(aq) \u6c14\u4f53\u4f53\u79ef\u51cf\u5c11<\/p>\n<p>(+\/4) 1+\/4<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u89c4\u5f8b\u5927\u5168<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u70c3\u7684\u884d\u751f\u7269<\/p>\n<p>1 \uff0e\u70c3\u7684\u884d\u751f\u7269<\/p>\n<p>[ \u70c3\u7684\u884d\u751f\u7269\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u7c7b\u522b \u5b98\u80fd\u56e2 \u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u70b9 \u5206 \u7c7b \u4e3b\u8981\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28<\/p>\n<p>\u5364<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee3<\/p>\n<p>\u70c3 \u5364\u539f\u5b50 ( \uff0d X) \u78b3\uff0d\u5364\u952e (C \uff0d X) \u6709\u6781\u6027\uff0c\u6613\u65ad\u88c2 \u2460\u6c1f\u70c3\u3001\u6c2f\u70c3\u3001\u6eb4\u70c3\uff1b\u2461<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u5364\u70c3\u548c\u591a\u5364\u70c3\uff1b\u2462\u9971\u548c\u5364\u70c3\u3001\u4e0d\u70ae\u548c\u5364\u70c3\u548c\u82b3\u9999\u5364\u70c3 \u2460\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94 ( \u6c34\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94 ) \uff1a<\/p>\n<p>R \uff0d X+H2O<\/p>\n<p>R \uff0d OH + HX<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6d88\u53bb\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>R \uff0d CH2 \uff0d CH2X + NaOH<\/p>\n<p>RCH \uff1d H2 + NaX + H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u9187 \u5747\u4e3a\u7f9f\u57fa<\/p>\n<p>( \uff0d OH) \uff0d OH \u5728\u975e\u82ef\u73af\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e0a \u2460\u8102\u80aa\u9187 ( \u5305\u62ec\u9971\u548c\u9187\u3001\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u9187 ) \uff1b\u2461\u8102\u73af<\/p>\n<p>\u9187 ( \u5982\u73af\u5df1\u9187 ) \u2462\u82b3\u9999\u9187 ( \u5982\u82ef\u7532\u9187 ) \uff0c\u2463\u4e00\u5143\u9187\u4e0e\u591a\u5143\u9187 ( \u5982\u4e59\u4e8c\u9187\u3001\u4e19\u4e09\u9187 )<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>a \uff0e\u4e0e Na \u7b49\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b b \uff0e\u4e0e HX \u53cd\u5e94\uff0c c \uff0e\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u8131\u6c34\uff1b d \uff0e\u916f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u2461\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2R \uff0d CH2OH + O2<\/p>\n<p>2R \uff0d CHO+2H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u6d88\u53bb\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>CH3CH2OH<\/p>\n<p>CH2 \uff1d H2 \u2191 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u915a \uff0d OH \u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u5728\u82ef\u73af\u78b3\u539f\u4e0a\uff0e\u915a\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5747\u542b\u82ef\u7684\u7ed3\u6784 \u4e00\u5143\u915a\u3001\u4e8c\u5143\u915a\u3001\u4e09\u5143\u915a<\/p>\n<p>\u7b49 \u2460\u6613\u88ab\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c27\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u8d28\uff1b\u2461\u5177\u6709\u5f31\u9178\u6027\u2462\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u663e\u8272\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u919b \u919b\u57fa<\/p>\n<p>( \uff0d CHO) \u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u919b\u57fa\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269 \u2460\u8102\u80aa\u919b ( \u9971\u548c\u919b\u548c\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u919b ) \uff1b\u2461\u82b3\u9999\u919b\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u4e00\u5143\u919b\u4e0e\u591a\u5143\u919b \u2460\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94 ( \u4e0e H2 \u52a0\u6210\u53c8\u53eb\u505a\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94 ) \uff1a R \uff0d CHO+H2R<\/p>\n<p>\uff0d CH2OH<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a a \uff0e\u94f6\u955c\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b b \uff0e\u7ea2\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a c \uff0e\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u88ab\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c27\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u7fa7\u9178 \u7fa7\u57fa<\/p>\n<p>( \uff0d COOH) \u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u7fa7\u57fa\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269 \u2460\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u4e0e\u82b3\u9999\u9178\uff1b\u2461\u4e00\u5143\u9178\u4e0e\u591a\u5143\u9178\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u9971\u548c\u7fa7\u9178\u4e0e\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u7fa7\u9178\uff1b\u2463\u4f4e\u7ea7\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u4e0e\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8102\u80aa\u9178 \u2460\u5177\u6709\u9178\u7684\u901a\u6027\uff1b\u2461\u916f<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u7fa7<\/p>\n<p>\u9178<\/p>\n<p>\u916f<\/p>\n<p>\u916f\u57fa<\/p>\n<p>(R \u4e3a\u70c3\u57fa\u6216 H<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u5b50\uff0c R \u2032\u53ea\u80fd\u4e3a\u70c3\u57fa ) \u2460\u9971\u548c\u4e00\u5143\u916f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>CnH2n+lCOOCmH2m+1<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f\u2462\u805a\u916f\u2463\u73af\u916f \u6c34\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>RCOOR \u2032 + H2ORCOOH + R&#8217;OH<\/p>\n<p>RCOOR \u2032 + NaOH<\/p>\n<p>RCOONa + R&#8217;OH<\/p>\n<p>( \u916f\u5728\u78b1\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6c34\u89e3\u8f83\u5b8c\u5168 )<\/p>\n<p>2 \uff0e\u6709\u673a\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b \u5b9a \u4e49 \u4e3e\u4f8b ( \u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f )<\/p>\n<p>\u6d88\u53bb\u53cd\u5e94 \u6709\u673a\u7269\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u8131\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50 ( \u5982 H2O \u3001 HBr<\/p>\n<p>\u7b49 ) \u800c\u751f\u6210\u4e0d\u9971\u548c ( \u542b\u53cc\u952e\u6216\u53c1\u952e ) \u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u53cd\u5e94 C2H5OHCH2 \uff1d H2 \u2191 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u82ef\u915a\u7684\u663e\u8272\u53cd\u5e94 \u82ef\u915a\u4e0e\u542b Fe3 \uff0b\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u6eb6\u6db2\u5448\u73b0\u7d2b\u8272\u7684\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94 \u6709\u673a\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u5f97\u5230\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u5931\u53bb\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u53cd\u5e94 CH \u2261 CH + H2CH2 \uff1d H2<\/p>\n<p>CH2 \uff1d H2 + H2CH3CH3<\/p>\n<p>R \u2014 CHO + H2R \uff0d CH2OH<\/p>\n<p>\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94 \u71c3\u70e7\u6216\u88ab\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684 O2 \u6c27\u5316 \u6709\u673a\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u5f97\u5230\u6c27\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u5931\u53bb\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>2CH3CH2OH + O2 2CH3CHO + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p>2CH3CHO + O2 2CH3COOH<\/p>\n<p>\u94f6\u955c\u53cd\u5e94 CH3CHO + 2Ag(NH3)2OH<\/p>\n<p>CH3COONH4+2Ag \u2193 + 3NH3 \u2191 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u7ea2\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\u53cd\u5e94 CH3CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 CH3COOH + Cu2O \u2193 + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94 \u5364\u4ee3\u70c3\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u6c34\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94 \u5728 NaOH \u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5364\u4ee3\u70c3\u4e0e\u6c34\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u9187\u548c\u5364\u5316\u6c22\u7684\u53cd\u5e94 R<\/p>\n<p>\uff0d CH2X + H2ORCH2OH + HX<\/p>\n<p>\u916f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94 \u9178 ( \u65e0\u673a\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u6216\u7fa7\u9178 ) \u4e0e\u9187\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u916f\u548c\u6c34\u7684\u53cd\u5e94 RCOOH +<\/p>\n<p>R&#8217;CH2OH<\/p>\n<p>RCOOCH2R \u2032 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u916f\u7684\u6c34\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94 \u5728\u9178\u6216\u78b1\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u916f\u4e0e\u6c34\u4f5c\u7528\u751f\u6210\u9187\u4e0e\u9178\u7684\u53cd\u5e94 RCOOR \u2032 +<\/p>\n<p>H2ORCOOH + R&#8217;OH<\/p>\n<p>RCOOR \u2032 + NaOH \u2192 RCOONa + R&#8217;OH<\/p>\n<p>3 \uff0e\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u548c\u63d0\u7eaf\u65b9\u6cd5(1) \u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u4e0e\u63d0\u7eaf\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u5206\u79bb\u662f\u628a\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u5404\u7ec4\u5206\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5316\u5b66\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u8bbe\u6cd5\u5206\u5f00\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5f97\u5230\u6df7\u5408\u524d\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0e\u63d0\u7eaf\u662f\u9664\u53bb\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u6df7\u6709\u7684\u5c11\u91cf\u6742\u8d28\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u52a0\u5165\u8bd5\u5242\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u6742\u8d28\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6240\u7528\u8bd5\u5242\u6700\u597d\u53ea\u4e0e\u6742\u8d28\u8d77\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4e0e\u6240\u9700\u63d0\u7eaf\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u8d77\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u6210\u7269\u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u6240\u9700\u63d0\u7eaf\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6613\u5206\u79bb\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u4e0e\u63d0\u7eaf\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u5408\u6210\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u5e38\u89c1\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u3001\u63d0\u7eaf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u6d17\u6c14\u6cd5\uff0e\u5c06\u6c14\u4f53\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u6742\u8d28\u6c14\u4f53\u7528\u6eb6\u6db2\u5438\u6536\u9664\u53bb\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9664\u53bb\u6c14\u6001\u70f7\u70c3\u4e2d<\/p>\n<p>\u6df7\u6709\u7684\u6c14\u6001\u70ef\u70c3 ( \u6216\u7094\u70c3 ) \uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u6df7\u5408\u6c14\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u76db\u6709\u6eb4\u6c34\u7684\u6d17\u6c14\u74f6\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5206\u6db2\u6cd5\uff0e\u6839\u636e\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027\u3001\u9178\u78b1\u6027\u7b49\u6027\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u628a\u4e24\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u6df7<\/p>\n<p>\u6eb6\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u53ef\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u4ecd\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u5206\u79bb\u4e0e<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u7eaf\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0e a \uff0e\u82e5\u6742\u8d28\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u800c\u88ab\u63d0\u7eaf\u7269\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u52a0\u5165\u6c34\u540e\u7528\u529b\u632f\u8361\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u6742\u8d28\u8f6c\u5165\u6c34\u5c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u5206\u6db2\u6f0f\u6597\u5206\u79bb\uff0e b \uff0e\u82e5\u6742\u8d28\u4e0e\u88ab\u63d0\u7eaf\u7269\u90fd\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u5219\u5148\u4f7f<\/p>\n<p>\u6742\u8d28\u4e0e\u67d0\u79cd\u8bd5\u5242\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u540e\u518d\u5206\u79bb\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u84b8\u998f ( \u5206\u998f ) \u6cd5\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>a \uff0e\u5bf9\u6cb8\u70b9\u5dee\u522b\u5927\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u84b8\u998f\u63d0\u7eaf\u4e0e\u5206\u79bb\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>b \uff0e\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u5404\u7ec4\u5206\u7684\u6cb8\u70b9\u76f8\u5dee\u4e0d\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u52a0\u5165\u67d0\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u7ec4\u5206\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u6cb8\u70b9\u3001\u96be\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u84b8\u998f\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5206\u79bb\u4e59\u9187\u4e0e\u4e59\u9178\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u6db2\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u5411\u5176<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u56fa\u4f53 NaOH \uff0c\u4f7f\u4e59\u9178\u8f6c\u5316\u751f\u6210\u9ad8\u6cb8\u70b9\u7684 CH3COONa \uff0c\u84b8\u998f\u51fa\u4e59\u9187\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u52a0<\/p>\n<p>\u5165\u6d53 H2SO4 \uff0c\u4f7f CH3COONa \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a CH3COOH \uff0c\u518d\u7ecf\u84b8\u998f\u5f97\u5230\u4e59\u9178\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>4 \uff0e\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u71c3\u70e7\u89c4\u5f8b<\/p>\n<p>[ \u70c3\u7684\u542b\u6c27\u884d\u751f\u7269\u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u901a\u5f0f ]<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u65f6 (O2 \u5145\u8db3 ) \uff1a<\/p>\n<p>+ (+\/4)O2 \u2192 CO2 + \/ 2H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u65f6 (O2 \u4e0d\u5145\u8db3 ) \uff1a<\/p>\n<p>+ ()O2 \u2192 CO2 + ()CO + \/ 2H2O<\/p>\n<p>[ \u4e0d\u540c\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u65f6\u8017 O2 \u91cf\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7b49\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u7684\u70c3 ( \u901a\u5f0f\u4e3a ) \u3001\u70c3\u7684\u884d\u751f\u7269 ( \u901a\u5f0f\u4e3a ) \u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7<\/p>\n<p>\u65f6\uff0c\u8017 O2 \u91cf\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6839\u636e\u201c 1 mol \u70c3\u6d88\u8017 (+\/4) mol O2 \uff0c 1 mol \u70c3\u7684\u884d\u751f\u7269\u6d88\u8017 () mol O2 \u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c ( \u8f83\u7b80\u4fbf ) \uff1a\u6839\u636e\u201c 1 \u4e2a C \u8017 1 \u4e2a O2 \uff0c 2 \u4e2a H \u8017 1 \u4e2a O \u201d\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5148\u5c06\u6539\u5199<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u3002\u6216\u5f53\u4e3a \u5076 \u6570 \u65f6 \u6539 \u5199 \u4e3a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u518d\u4e0e\u70c3\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u8017 O2 \u91cf\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u6709\uff1a a \uff0e\u542b\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u70ef\u70c3\u3001\u73af\u70f7\u70c3\u3001\u9971\u548c\u4e00\u5143\u9187\u7b49\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u65f6\u8017 O2<\/p>\n<p>\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\uff1b b \uff0e\u542b\u76f8\u540c\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6570\u7684\u7094\u70c3\u3001\u4e8c\u70ef\u70c3\u3001\u9971\u548c\u4e00\u5143\u919b\u3001\u9971\u548c\u4e8c\u5143\u9187\u7b49\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3<\/p>\n<p>\u70e7\u65f6\u8017 O2 \u91cf\u76f8\u540c Ic \uff0e\u542b\u76f8\u540c\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6570\u7684\u9971\u548c\u4e00\u5143\u7fa7\u9178\u3001\u916f\u3001\u9971\u548c\u4e09\u5143\u9187\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7<\/p>\n<p>\u65f6\u8017 O2 \u91cf\u76f8\u540c\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u8d28\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u7b80\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8017 02 \u91cf\u76f8\u540c\uff0e\u6700\u7b80\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6709\uff1a CH C2H2 \u4e0e C \uff0c<\/p>\n<p>H \u2018\u7b49\uff1b CH2 \u2014\u2014\u70ef\u70c3\u4e0e\u73af\u70f7\u70c3\uff1b CH20 \u2014\u2014\u7532\u919b\u3001\u4e59\u9178\u3001\u7532\u9178\u7532\u916f\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u7b49\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>CHO \u2014\u2014\u9971\u548c\u4e00\u5143<\/p>\n<p>\u919b\u3001\u9971\u548c\u4e00\u5143\u7fa7\u9178\u3001\u9971\u548c\u4e00\u5143\u916f\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u70c3\u3001\u70c3\u7684\u542b\u6c27\u884d\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5f53\u603b\u91cf ( \u603b\u8d28\u91cf\u6216\u603b\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf ) \u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u800c<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u5404\u7ec4\u5206\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u540e\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u751f\u6210\u7684 C02 \u91cf\u6216 H20 \u91cf\u6216\u8017 02 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\u2461\u9006\u5408\u6210\u6cd5\uff0e\u6b64\u6cd5\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u9006\u5411\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6027\u8d28\u4eba\u624b\uff0c\u627e\u51fa<\/p>\n<p>\u5408\u6210\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u63a8\u5411\u5df2\u77e5\u539f\u6599\uff0e\u5176\u601d\u7ef4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\uff1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e00<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ea7\u7269\u4e00\u539f\u6599\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u7efc\u5408\u6bd4\u8f83\u6cd5\uff0e\u6b64\u6cd5\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u7efc\u5408\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u6b63\u5411\u6216\u9006\u5411\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u5408\u6210\u9014<\/p>\n<p>\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u5408\u6210\u8def\u7ebf\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>8 \uff0e\u70c3\u53ca\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u884d\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316\u5173<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u89c4\u5f8b\u5927\u5168<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u7cd6\u7c7b \u6cb9\u8102 \u86cb\u767d\u8d28<\/p>\n<p>1 \uff0e\u7cd6\u7c7b<\/p>\n<p>[ \u7cd6\u7c7b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7ec4\u6210 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u7cd6\u7c7b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7f9f\u57fa\u3001\u919b\u57fa\u7684\u591a\u7f9f\u57fa\u919b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c34\u89e3\u540e\u80fd\u751f\u6210\u591a\u7f9f<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u919b\u7684\u7531 C \u3001 H \u3001 O \u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\uff0e\u7cd6\u7c7b\u6839\u636e\u5176\u80fd\u5426\u6c34\u89e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c34\u89e3\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u591a\u5c11\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5355\u7cd6\u3001\u4e8c\u7cd6\u548c\u591a\u7cd6\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u7cd6\u7c7b\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a\u7cd6\u7c7b\u7684\u901a\u5f0f\u4e3a Cn(H2O)m \uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u901a\u5f0f\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u638c\u63e1\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a\u2460<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u901a\u5f0f\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u7cd6\u7c7b\u662f\u7531 C \u3001 H \u3001 O \u4e09\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u7cd6\u7c7b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5c11\u6570\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7cd6\u7c7b\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7b26\u5408\u6b64\u901a\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u9f20\u674e\u7cd6\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u4e3a C6H12O5 \uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u4e00\u901a\u5f0f\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7cd6\u7c7b\uff0c\u5982\u7532\u919b CH2O \u3001\u4e59\u9178 C2H4O2 \u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5355\u7cd6\u2014\u2014\u8461\u8404\u7cd6 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1a\u8461\u8404\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5e26\u751c\u5473\u7684\u6c34\u679c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8702\u871c\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u8840\u6db2\u91cc\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u4e3a C6H12O6( \u4e0e\u7532\u919b\u3001\u4e59\u9178\u3001\u4e59\u9178\u4e59\u916f\u7b49\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5747\u4e3a<\/p>\n<p>CH2O) \uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a CH2OH \uff0d (CHOH)4 \uff0d CHO \uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u591a\u7f9f\u57fa\u919b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u517c\u6709\u9187\u548c\u919b\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u94f6\u955c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u4e0e\u65b0\u5236\u7684 Cu(OH)2 \u78b1\u6027\u60ac\u6d4a\u6db2\u5171\u70ed\u751f\u6210\u7ea2\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u80fd\u88ab H2 \u8fd8\u539f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>CH2OH \uff0d (CHOH)4 \uff0d CHO + H2CH2OH \uff0d (CHOH)4 \uff0d CH2OH( \u5df1\u516d\u9187 )<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u916f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>CH2OH \uff0d (CHOH)4 \uff0d CHO+5CH3COOH CH2 \uff0d (CH) \uff1a &#8211;CHO( \u4e94\u4e59\u9178\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u916f )<\/p>\n<p>OOCCH3(4) \u7528\u9014\uff1a\u2460\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8425\u517b\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4eba\u4f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u653e\u51fa\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4f9b\u7ef4\u6301\u4eba\u4f53\u751f\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff1b\u2461\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u955c\u4e1a\u3001\u7cd6\u679c\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\uff1b\u2462\u7528\u4e8e\u533b\u836f<\/p>\n<p>\u5de5\u4e1a\uff0e\u4f53\u5f31\u591a\u75c5\u548c\u8840\u7cd6\u8fc7\u4f4e\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u9759\u8109\u6ce8\u5c04\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8fc5\u901f\u8865\u5145\u8425<\/p>\n<p>\u517b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u4e8c\u7cd6\u2014\u2014\u8517\u7cd6\u548c\u9ea6\u82bd\u7cd6 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u8517\u7cd6 (C12H22O11) \u9ea6\u82bd\u7cd6 (C12H22O11)<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81 \u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u4e0d\u542b\uff0d CHO \u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\uff0d CHO<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28 \u65e0\u8272\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u6bd4\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u751c \u767d\u8272\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8517\u7cd6\u751c<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28 \u2460\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u94f6\u955c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u65b0\u5236\u7684 Cu(OH)2 \u60ac\u6d4a\u6db2<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u80fd\u6c34\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>C12H22011+H20 \u2192 C6H1206<\/p>\n<p>( \u8517\u7cd6 ) ( \u8461\u8404\u7cd6 )<\/p>\n<p>~C6H1206<\/p>\n<p>( \u679c\u7cd6 ) \u2460\u6709\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff0c\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u94f6\u955c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u80fd\u4e0e\u65b0\u5236\u7684 Cu(OH)2 \u60ac\u6d4a\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u80fd\u6c34\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>C12H22011+H20 \u2192<\/p>\n<p>( \u9ea6\u82bd\u7cd6 )<\/p>\n<p>2C6H1206<\/p>\n<p>( \u8461\u8404\u7cd6 )<\/p>\n<p>\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u5236\u6cd5 \u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7518\u8517\u3001\u751c\u83dc\u4e2d 2(C6Hl005) \u3002 +nH2O \u2192<\/p>\n<p>( \u6dc0\u7c89 )<\/p>\n<p>nCl2H22011<\/p>\n<p>( \u9ea6\u82bd\u7cd6 )<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb \u2460\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e8c\u7cd6\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f C12H22O11 \uff0c\u4e92\u4e3a\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u8517\u7cd6\u4e3a\u975e\u8fd8\u539f\u7cd6\uff0c\u800c\u9ea6\u82bd\u7cd6\u4e3a\u8fd8\u539f\u7cd6<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u6c34\u89e3\u4ea7\u7269\u90fd\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u94f6\u955c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u8fd8\u539f\u65b0\u5236\u7684 Cu(OH)2 \u60ac\u6d4a\u6db2<\/p>\n<p>[ \u98df\u54c1\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242 ] \u529f \u80fd \u54c1 \u79cd<\/p>\n<p>\u98df\u7528\u8272\u7d20 \u8c03\u8282\u98df\u54c1\u8272\u6cfd\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u98df\u54c1\u5916\u89c2 \u80e1\u841d\u535c\u7d20 ( \u6a59\u7ea2\u8272 ) \u3001\u756a\u8304\u7ea2\u7d20 ( \u7ea2\u8272 ) \u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u80ed\u8102\u7ea2\u9178 ( \u7ea2\u8272 ) \u3001\u82cb\u83dc\u7ea2 ( \u7d2b\u7ea2\u8272 ) \u3001\u975b\u84dd ( \u84dd\u8272 ) \u3001\u59dc\u9ec4\u8272\u7d20 ( \u9ec4\u8272 ) \u3001\u53f6\u7eff\u7d20<\/p>\n<p>( \u7eff\u8272 ) \u3001\u67e0\u6aac\u9ec4 ( \u9ec4\u8272 )<\/p>\n<p>\u98df\u7528\u9999\u6599 \u8d4b\u4e88\u98df\u54c1\u9999\u5473\uff0c\u5f15\u4eba\u6109\u60a6 \u82b1\u6912\u3001\u8334\u9999\u3001\u6842\u76ae\u3001\u4e01\u9999\u6cb9\u3001\u67e0\u6aac\u6cb9\u3001\u6c34\u679c<\/p>\n<p>\u9999\u7cbe<\/p>\n<p>\u751c\u5473\u5242 \u8d4b\u4e88\u98df\u54c1\u751c\u5473\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u53e3\u611f \u7cd6\u7cbe ( \u5176\u751c\u5473\u662f\u8517\u7cd6\u7684 300 \u500d\uff5e 500<\/p>\n<p>\u500d ) \u3001\u6728\u7cd6\u9187 ( \u53ef\u4f9b\u7cd6\u5c3f\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u98df\u7528 )<\/p>\n<p>\u9c9c\u5473\u5242 \u4f7f\u98df\u54c1\u5448\u73b0\u9c9c\u5473\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u98df\u6b32 \u5473\u7cbe ( \u8c37\u6c28\u9178\u94a0 )<\/p>\n<p>\u9632\u8150\u5242 \u963b\u6291\u7ec6\u83cc\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u98df\u7269\u8150\u8d25 \u82ef\u7532\u9178\u53ca\u5176\u94a0\u76d0\u3001\u5c71\u68a8\u9178\u53ca\u5176\u76d0\u3001\u4e19\u9178\u9499<\/p>\n<p>\u6297\u6c27\u5316\u5242 \u6297\u6c27\u5316\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u6c27\u6c14\u4f7f\u98df\u7269\u6c27\u5316\u53d8\u8d28 \u6297\u574f\u8840\u9178 ( \u7ef4\u751f\u7d20 C) \u3001\u7ef4<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u7d20 E \u3001\u4e01\u57fa\u7f9f\u57fa\u8334\u9999\u919a<\/p>\n<p>\u8425\u517b\u5f3a\u5316\u5242 \u8865\u5145\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u8425\u517b\u7269\u8d28\u6216\u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20 \u98df\u76d0\u52a0\u7898\uff0c\u7cae\u98df\u5236\u54c1\u4e2d\u52a0\u8d56<\/p>\n<p>\u6c28\u9178\uff0c\u98df\u54c1\u4e2d\u52a0\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20\u6216\u7852\u3001\u9517\u7b49\u5fae\u91cf\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n<p>[ \u591a\u7cd6\u2014\u2014\u6dc0\u7c89\u548c\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7d20 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u591a\u7cd6\uff1a\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u7cd6\u5206\u5b50\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u8131\u6c34\u7f29\u805a\u800c\u6210\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0e\u6dc0\u7c89\u548c\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7d20\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u591a\u7cd6\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff1b\u5373\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0e\u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u805a\u6216\u7f29\u805a\u800c\u6210\uff0e\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u770b\u5176\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709 n \u503c<\/p>\n<p>( \u53eb\u505a\u805a\u5408\u5ea6 ) \uff0c\u5982\u805a\u4e59\u70ef\u5361 CH \uff1a\u4e00 CH2 \u5934\u3001\u6dc0\u7c89 (C6H10O5)n \u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u5408\u7269\uff0e\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5408\u6210\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u6dc0\u7c89\u3001\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7d20\u7b49\u5219<\/p>\n<p>\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5929\u7136\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u6dc0\u7c89\u548c\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7d20\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u6dc0\u7c89 [(C6H10O5)n] \u7ea4\u7ef4\u7d20 [(C6H10O5)n]<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u5f81 \u7531\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u5355\u5143\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5929\u7136\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0e n \u503c\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7d20 \u7531\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u5355<\/p>\n<p>\u5143\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5929\u7136\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\uff0d OH<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28 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\u4e0e\u7518\u6cb9\u751f\u6210\u7684\u7518\u6cb9\u916f\uff0e\u5b83\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c R1 \u3001 R2 \u3001 R3 \u4ee3\u8868\u9971\u548c\u70c3\u57fa\u6216\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u70c3\u57fa\uff0e\u82e5 Rl \uff1d R2 \uff1d R3 \uff0c\u53eb<\/p>\n<p>\u5355\u7518\u6cb9\u916f\uff1b\u82e5 R1 \u3001 R2 \u3001 R3 \u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u6df7\u7518\u6cb9\u916f\uff0e\u5929\u7136\u6cb9\u8102\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u6df7\u7518\u6cb9<\/p>\n<p>\u916f\uff0e(2) \u6cb9\u8102\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u7531\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u7684\u6cb9\u9178\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7518\u6cb9\u916f ( \u6cb9\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f ) \u7194\u70b9\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\u5448\u6db2\u6001\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u79f0\u4e3a\u6cb9\uff1b\u800c\u7531\u9971\u548c\u7684\u8f6f\u8102\u9178\u6216\u786c\u8102\u9178\u751f\u6210\u7684\u7518\u6cb9\u916f ( \u8f6f\u8102\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f\u3001\u786c\u8102\u9178\u7518\u6cb9<\/p>\n<p>\u916f ) \u7194\u70b9\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\u5448\u56fa\u6001\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u8102\u80aa\uff0e\u6cb9\u8102\u662f\u6cb9\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027\uff1a\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242 ( \u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0a\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242\u6765<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u53d6\u690d\u7269\u79cd\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u6cb9 ) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u6cb9\u8102\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u6cb9\u8102\u7684\u6c22\u5316 ( \u53c8\u53eb\u505a\u6cb9\u8102\u7684\u786c\u5316 ) \uff0e\u6cb9\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u916f\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u542b C \uff1d C \u952e\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u70ef\u70c3\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u6027\u8d28\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6cb9\u8102\u4e0e H2 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\u975e\u6781\u6027\u57fa\u56e2 CH3(CH2)nC6H4 \uff0d\u6216\u70f7\u57fa R \uff0d ]<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u4ea7\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u6599 \u6cb9\u8102 \u77f3\u6cb9\u4ea7\u54c1<\/p>\n<p>\u53bb\u6c61\u539f\u7406 \u5728\u6d17\u6da4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c61\u57a2\u4e2d\u7684\u6cb9\u8102\u8ddf\u80a5\u7682\u63a5\u89e6\u540e\uff0c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u94a0\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u70c3\u57fa<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u63d2\u5165\u6cb9\u6c61\u5185\uff0c\u800c\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u7684\u7fa7\u57fa\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u5728\u6cb9\u6c61\u5916\u9762\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6cb9\u6c61\u88ab\u5305\u56f4<\/p>\n<p>\u8d77\u6765\uff0e\u518d\u7ecf\u6469\u64e6\u3001\u632f\u52a8\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4fbf\u5206\u6563\u6210\u5c0f\u7684\u6cb9\u6c61\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8131\u79bb\u88ab\u6d17\u7684\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7ec7\u54c1\u800c<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u6563\u5230\u6c34\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u4e73\u6d4a\u6db2\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u6d17\u6da4\u7684\u76ee\u7684 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\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u4e13\u4e00\u6027\uff0e\u5982\u86cb\u767d\u9176\u53ea\u80fd\u50ac\u5316\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u6c34\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b\u6dc0\u7c89\u9176\u53ea\u5bf9\u6dc0\u7c89\u8d77<\/p>\n<p>\u50ac\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u7b49\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u6548\u50ac\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\uff0e\u9176\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u9ad8 107 \uff5e 1013 \u500d\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u89c4\u5f8b\u5927\u5168<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u5408\u6210\u6750\u6599<\/p>\n<p>1 \uff0e\u6709\u673a\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7b80\u4ecb<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6709\u673a\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) 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\uff0e\u4f53\u578b\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u70ed\u56fa\u6027\uff1a\u4f53<\/p>\n<p>\u578b\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u52a0\u5de5\u6210\u578b\u540e\u53d7\u70ed\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u7194\u5316\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0e\u67d0\u4e9b\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6bd4\u91d1\u5c5e\u8fd8\u5927\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u5177\u6709\u7535\u7edd\u7f18\u6027\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2464\u5177\u6709\u8010\u5316\u5b66\u8150\u8680\u3001\u8010\u70ed\u3001\u8010\u78e8\u3001\u8010\u6cb9\u3001\u4e0d\u900f\u6c34\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0e\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u8010\u9ad8\u6e29\u3001\u6613\u71c3<\/p>\n<p>\u70e7\u3001\u6613\u8001\u5316\u3001\u5e9f\u5f03\u540e\u4e0d\u6613\u5206\u89e3\u7b49\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>2 \uff0e\u5408\u6210\u6750\u6599<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5851\u6599\u3001\u5408\u6210\u7ea4\u7ef4\u548c\u5408\u6210\u6a61\u80f6\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u5408\u6210\u6750\u6599 \u5851 \u6599 \u5408\u6210\u7ea4\u7ef4 \u5408\u6210\u6a61\u80f6<\/p>\n<p>\u7c7b \u578b 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\u4e01\u82ef<\/p>\n<p>\u6a61\u80f6\u3001\u987a\u4e01\u6a61\u80f6\u3001\u6c2f\u4e01\u6a61\u80f6\u7b49\u901a\u7528\u6a61\u80f6\uff0c\u805a\u786b\u6a61\u80f6\u3001\u8010\u9ad8\u6e29\u548c\u8010\u4e25\u5bd2\u7684\u7845\u6a61\u80f6\u7b49<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u6599 \u77f3\u6cb9\u4ea7\u54c1\u7b49 \u77f3\u6cb9\u3001\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u3001\u7164\u548c\u6d53\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\u7b49 \u77f3\u6cb9\u3001\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u7b49<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u6027\u80fd \u7535\u7edd\u7f18\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u8d28\u8f7b\uff0c\u8010\u5316\u5b66\u8150\u8680\uff0c\u9632\u6c34\uff0c\u8010\u6cb9\u6027\u5dee\uff0c\u6613\u8001\u5316 \u5f3a\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5f39\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u8010\u78e8\uff0c\u8010\u5316\u5b66\u8150\u8680\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d1\u9709\uff0c\u4e0d\u6015\u866b\u86c0\uff0c\u4e0d\u7f29\u6c34 \u9ad8\u5f39\u6027\uff0c\u7edd\u7f18\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u6c14<\/p>\n<p>\u5bc6\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u8010\u6cb9\uff0c\u8010\u9ad8\u6e29\u6216\u4f4e\u6e29<\/p>\n<p>\u7528 \u9014 \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5851\u6599\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u9014\uff0e\u5982\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u98df\u54c1\u888b\u3001\u5305\u88c5\u888b\u5927\u591a\u662f\u7531<\/p>\n<p>\u805a\u4e59\u70ef\u3001\u805a\u6c2f\u4e59\u70ef\u5236\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u73bb\u7483\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u98de\u673a\u7528\u73bb\u7483\u4ee5\u53ca\u5149\u5b66\u4eea\u5668\u3001\u533b<\/p>\n<p>\u7597\u5668\u68b0\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49 \u9664\u4e86\u4f9b\u4eba\u7c7b\u7a7f\u7740\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u56fd\u9632\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7528\u9014\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9526\u7eb6\u53ef<\/p>\n<p>\u5236\u8863\u6599\u7ec7\u54c1\u3001\u964d\u843d\u4f1e\u7ef3\u3001\u8f6e\u80ce\u5e18\u5b50\u7ebf\u3001\u7f06\u7ef3\u548c\u6e14\u7f51\u7b49 \u662f\u5236\u9020\u98de\u673a\u3001\u519b\u8230\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u62d6\u62c9\u673a\u3001\u6536\u5272\u673a\u3001\u6c34\u5229\u6392\u704c\u5668\u5177\u3001\u533b\u7597\u5668\u68b0\u7b49\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u6750\u6599<\/p>\n<p>3 \uff0e\u65b0\u578b\u6709\u673a\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6750\u6599<\/p>\n<p>\u65b0\u578b\u6709\u673a\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6750\u6599\u6709\uff1a\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u819c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5149\u3001\u7535\u3001\u78c1\u7b49\u7279\u6b8a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u751f<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u533b\u7528\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u9690\u8eab\u6750\u6599\u548c\u6db2\u6676\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6750\u6599\u7b49\uff0e(1) \u529f\u80fd\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6750\u6599\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u65e2\u6709\u4f20\u7edf\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u6750\u6599\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u80fd\u53c8\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u9ad8<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u5b50\u6750\u6599\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u7531\u4e24\u79cd\u6216\u4e24\u79cd\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6750\u6599\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u57fa\u4f53\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u589e\u5f3a\u5242\uff0e\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u4e00\u822c\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u8f7b\u3001\u8010\u9ad8\u6e29\u3001\u8010\u8150<\/p>\n<p>\u8680\u7b49\u4f18\u5f02\u6027\u80fd\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u89c4\u5f8b\u5927\u5168<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u80f6\u4f53\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n<p>\u80f6\u4f53<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5206\u6563\u7cfb\u3001\u5206\u6563\u8d28\u548c\u5206\u6563\u5242 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u79cd ( \u6216\u51e0\u79cd ) \u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5fae\u7c92\u5206\u6563\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u91cc\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u5206\u6563\u7cfb\uff0e\u5982<\/p>\n<p>NaCl \u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684 NaCl \u6eb6\u6db2\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u6563\u7cfb\uff0e\u5728\u5206\u6563\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u6563\u6210\u5fae\u7c92\u7684\u7269<\/p>\n<p>\u8d28\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u5206\u6563\u8d28\uff0e\u5982 NaCl \u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684 NaCl \u4e3a\u5206\u6563\u8d28\uff0e\u5206\u6563\u8d28\u5206\u6563\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u53eb<\/p>\n<p>\u505a\u5206\u6563\u5242\uff0e\u5982 NaCl \u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u6c34\u4e3a\u5206\u6563\u5242\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u80f6\u4f53 ] \u5206\u6563\u8d28\u5fae\u7c92\u7684\u76f4\u5f84\u5927\u5c0f\u5728 1 nm \uff5e 100nm \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u6563\u7cfb\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u80f6\u4f53\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u2460\u80f6\u4f53\u662f\u4ee5\u5206\u6563\u8d28\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b58\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0e\u5982<\/p>\n<p>NaCl \u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5206\u6563\u5230\u9152\u7cbe\u4e2d\u5219\u53ef\u5f62\u6210\u80f6\u4f53\uff0e\u2461\u6839\u636e\u5206\u6563\u5242\u6240\u5904<\/p>\n<p>\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u80f6\u4f53\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a a \uff0e\u6db2\u6eb6\u80f6 ( \u6eb6\u80f6 ) \uff1a\u5206\u6563\u5242\u662f\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u5982 Fe(OH)3<\/p>\n<p>\u80f6\u4f53\u3001 AgI \u80f6\u4f53\u3001\u6dc0\u7c89\u80f6\u4f53\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u80f6\u4f53\u7b49\uff0e b \uff0e\u6c14\u6eb6\u80f6\uff1b\u5206\u6563\u5242\u662f\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\u96fe\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u4e91\u3001\u70df\u7b49\uff0e c \uff0e\u56fa\u6eb6\u80f6\uff0c\u5982\u70df\u6c34\u6676\u3001\u6709\u8272\u73bb\u7483\u7b49\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6e17\u6790 ] \u628a\u6df7\u6709\u79bb\u5b50\u6216\u5206\u5b50\u6742\u8d28\u7684\u80f6\u4f53\u88c5\u5165\u534a\u900f\u819c\u888b\uff0c\u5e76\u6d78\u5165\u6eb6\u5242 ( \u4e00\u822c\u662f\u6c34 ) \u4e2d\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u79bb\u5b50\u6216\u5206\u5b50\u4ece\u80f6\u4f53\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u6e17\u6790\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u901a\u8fc7\u6e17\u6790\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u79bb\u80f6\u4f53\u4e0e\u6eb6\u6db2\u6216\u51c0\u5316\u3001\u7cbe\u5236\u80f6\u4f53\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6eb6\u6db2\u3001\u80f6\u4f53\u548c\u6d4a\u6db2 ( \u60ac\u6d4a\u6db2\u6216\u4e73\u6d4a\u6db2 ) \u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e0e\u8054\u7cfb ]<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u6563\u7cfb \u6eb6 \u6db2 \u80f6 \u4f53 \u60ac ( \u4e73 ) \u6d4a\u6db2<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u6563\u7cfb\u7684\u5fae\u7c92\u7ec4\u6210 \u5355\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u6216\u79bb\u5b50 \u82e5\u5e72\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\u6216\u5355\u4e2a\u7684\u5927\u5206\u5b50 \u5927\u91cf\u5206\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>\u96c6\u5408\u800c\u6210\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u5c0f\u9897\u7c92 ( \u6216\u5c0f\u6db2\u6ef4 )<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u6563\u7cfb\u7684\u5fae\u7c92\u76f4\u5f84 \uff1c 1 nm 1 nm \uff5e 100 nm \uff1e 100 nm<\/p>\n<p>\u5916 \u89c2 \u5747\u4e00\u3001\u900f\u660e\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a \u5747\u4e00\u3001\u900f\u660e\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a \u4e0d\u5747\u4e00\u3001\u6d51\u6d4a\u3001\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u9759\u7f6e\u540e\u6613<\/p>\n<p>\u6c89\u6dc0 ( \u6216\u5206\u5c42 )<\/p>\n<p>\u80fd\u5426\u900f\u8fc7\u534a\u900f\u819c \u80fd \u4e0d\u80fd \u4e0d\u80fd<\/p>\n<p>\u80fd\u5426\u900f\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7eb8 \u80fd \u80fd \u4e0d\u80fd \u662f\u5426\u6709\u4e01\u8fbe\u5c14\u6548\u5e94 \u6ca1\u6709 \u6709 \u9897\u7c92\u76f4\u5f84\u63a5\u8fd1 100nm \u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e5f\u6709\u4e01\u8fbe\u5c14\u6548\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e \u4f8b \u98df\u76d0\u6c34\u3001\u7898\u9152 Fe(OH)3 \u80f6\u4f53\u3001 AgI \u80f6\u4f53\u3001\u6dc0\u7c89\u6eb6\u80f6 \u6ce5\u6d46\u6c34\u3001\u6cb9\u6c34\u3001\u725b\u5976<\/p>\n<p>\u8054 \u7cfb \u90fd\u662f\u5206\u6563\u8d28\u5206\u6563\u5230\u5206\u6563\u5242\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u4f53\u7cfb<\/p>\n<p>3 \uff0e\u80f6\u4f53\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3 \u91ca \u8bf4 \u660e \u5e94 \u7528<\/p>\n<p>\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u8d28 \u4e01\u8fbe\u5c14\u6548\u5e94 \u5f3a\u5149\u675f\u901a\u8fc7\u80f6\u4f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u4fa7\u9762\u53ef\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u6761\u5149\u4eae\u7684\u201c\u901a\u8def\u201d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61 \u80f6\u4f53<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u4e01\u8fbe\u5c14\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u80f6\u4f53\u5fae\u7c92\u4f7f\u5149\u7ebf\u6563\u5c04\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0e\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u8d28\u5fae\u7c92\u592a\u5c0f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61 \u7528\u4e8e\u9274\u522b\u80f6\u4f53\u548c\u6eb6\u6db2<\/p>\n<p>\u5e03\u6717\u8fd0\u52a8 \u5728\u80f6\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u80f6\u4f53\u5fae\u7c92 ( \u7b80\u79f0\u80f6\u7c92 ) \u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u4f5c\u65e0\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8 \u80f6\u4f53\u4f5c\u5e03\u6717<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c34 ( \u5206\u6563\u5242 ) \u5206\u5b50\u4ece\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u649e\u51fb\u80f6\u7c92\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u4e00\u77ac\u95f4\u80f6\u7c92\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9<\/p>\n<p>\u5411\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u529b\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u80f6\u7c92\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u968f\u65f6\u90fd\u5728\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u5e03\u6717\u8fd0\u52a8 \u8bc1\u660e<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u8d28\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4f7f\u80f6\u4f53\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00<\/p>\n<p>\u7535 \u6cf3 \u5728\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u573a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u80f6\u7c92\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5242\u91cc\u5411\u7535\u6027\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u7535\u6781 ( \u9634\u6781\u6216\u9633\u6781 )<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u5b9a\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u73b0\u8c61 \u2460\u80f6\u7c92\u5e26\u7535\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u80f6\u7c92\u76f4\u5f84\u5c0f\u4e00\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u5927\u4e00\u5438\u9644\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a\u4e00\u80f6<\/p>\n<p>\u7c92\u8868\u9762\u5438\u9644\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u6216\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u2461\u540c\u79cd\u80f6\u7c92\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u53ea\u5438\u9644\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u79bb\u5b50<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u5e26\u76f8\u540c\u7535\u8377\uff0e\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u7684\u80f6\u7c92\u5438\u9644\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5e26\u6b63\u7535<\/p>\n<p>\u8377\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u573a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u5411\u9634\u6781\u79fb\u52a8\uff1b\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u786b\u5316\u7269\u7684\u80f6\u7c92\u5438\u9644\u9634<\/p>\n<p>\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u52a0\u7535\u573a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u5411\u9633\u6781\u79fb\u52a8 \u8bc1\u660e\u80f6\u4f53\u5fae\u7c92\u5e26\u6709\u7535\u8377\u53ca\u6240\u5e26\u7535\u8377\u7684\u79cd<\/p>\n<p>\u7c7b\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528 Fe(OH)3 \u80f6\u4f53\u505a\u7535\u6cf3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u9634\u6781\u9644\u8fd1\u989c\u8272\u53d8\u6df1\uff0c\u800c\u9633\u6781\u9644\u8fd1<\/p>\n<p>\u989c\u8272\u53d8\u6d45\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e Fe(OH)3 \u80f6\u4f53\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u8377<\/p>\n<p>\u805a \u6c89 \u80f6\u4f53\u7684\u5fae\u7c92\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u805a\u96c6\u6210\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u9897\u7c92\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u4ece\u5206\u6563\u5242\u4e2d\u6790<\/p>\n<p>\u51fa \u8981\u4f7f\u80f6\u4f53\u805a\u6c89\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u51cf\u5f31\u6216\u4e2d\u548c\u80f6\u7c92\u6240\u5e26\u7684\u540c\u79cd\u7535\u8377\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5f31\u6216\u6d88\u9664\u80f6\u7c92\u4e4b<\/p>\n<p>\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u80f6\u7c92\u805a\u96c6\u6210\u8f83\u5927\u9897\u7c92 ( \u76f4\u5f84\uff1e 100nm) \u800c\u5f62\u6210\u6c89\u6dc0\u80f6\u4f53\u805a\u6c89\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a\u2460\u52a0\u5165\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\uff1b\u2461\u52a0\u70ed\uff1b\u2462\u52a0\u5165\u5e26\u76f8\u53cd\u7535\u8377\u7684\u7535\u89e3\u8d28<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u89c4\u5f8b\u5927\u5168<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u7535\u89e3\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n<p>1 \uff0e\u7535\u89e3\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n<p>[ \u7535\u89e3\u3001\u7535\u89e3\u6c60 ( \u69fd )] \u4f7f\u7535\u6d41\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u800c\u5728\u9634\u3001\u9633\u4e24\u6781\u5f15\u8d77\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53eb\u505a\u7535\u89e3\uff0e\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u7535\u6d41\u5f15\u8d77\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u7535\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5316\u5b66\u80fd<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u7535\u89e3\u6c60\u6216\u7535\u89e3\u69fd\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u6784\u6210\u7535\u89e3\u6c60 ( \u7535\u89e3\u69fd ) \u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a(1) \u6709\u5916\u52a0\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u6e90\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u6709\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u6216\u7194\u878d\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7535\u6781 ( \u6750\u6599\u4e3a\u91d1\u5c5e\u6216\u77f3\u58a8\uff0c\u4e24\u6781\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u4e0d\u540c ) \uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u9634\u6781\uff1a\u4e0e\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u6e90\u7684\u8d1f\u6781\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u4e00\u6781\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u9633\u6781\uff1a\u4e0e\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u6e90\u7684\u6b63\u6781\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u4e00\u6781\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u4e24\u4e2a\u7535\u6781\u8981\u4e0e\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u63a5\u89e6\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u56de\u8def\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f \u7535\u89e3\u6c60\u7684\u9634\u3001\u9633\u6781\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u5916\u52a0\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u6e90\u7684\u8d1f\u3001\u6b63\u6781\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0e\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u672c\u8eab\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u6027\u8d28\u65e0\u5173\uff0e\u800c\u539f\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u6b63\u3001\u8d1f\u6781\u5219\u7531\u6784\u6210\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u60f0\u6027\u7535\u6781\u548c\u6d3b\u6027\u7535\u6781 ] \u5728\u7535\u89e3\u65f6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7535\u6781\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5426\u53c2\u4e0e\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u53ef\u628a\u7535<\/p>\n<p>\u6781\u5206\u4e3a\u60f0\u6027\u7535\u6781\u548c\u6d3b\u6027\u7535\u6781\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u60f0\u6027\u7535\u6781 (C \u3001 Pt \u7b49 ) \uff1a\u53ea\u8d77\u5bfc\u7535\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u6d3b\u6027\u7535\u6781 ( \u9664 Pt \u3001 Au \u5916\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u91d1\u5c5e ) \uff1a\u5f53\u4f5c\u9633\u6781\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u8d77\u5bfc\u7535\u4f5c\u7528\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5931<\/p>\n<p>\u53bb\u7535\u5b50\u53d8\u6210\u91d1\u5c5e\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u8fdb\u5165\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u7535\u89e3\u539f\u7406 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u9634\u6781\uff1a\u9634\u6781\u2192\u53d1\u751f\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u2192\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u6216 H \uff0b\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u2192\u7535\u6781\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u589e\u52a0<\/p>\n<p>\u6216\u653e\u51fa H2 \u2192\u7535\u6781\u672c\u8eab\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53c2\u52a0\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u9633\u6781\uff1a\u9633\u6781\u2192\u53d1\u751f\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u2192\u6d3b\u6027\u7535\u6781\u6eb6\u89e3\u6216\u60f0\u6027\u7535\u6781\u65f6\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u9634\u79bb\u5b50 ( \u6216 OH<\/p>\n<p>\uff0d ) \u5931\u53bb\u7535\u5b50\u2192\u7535\u6781\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u51cf\u8f7b\u6216\u653e\u51fa O2 \u6216\u6790\u51fa\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u5b50\u6d41\u5411\uff1a\u5916\u63a5\u7535\u6e90 (+) \u2192\u5916\u63a5\u7535\u6e90 ( \u4e00 ) \u2192\u7535\u89e3\u6c60\u9634\u6781\u2192\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u79bb\u5b50\u5b9a\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\u2192\u7535<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u6c60\u9633\u6781\u2192\u5916\u63a5\u7535\u6e90 (+) \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u6d41\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u6d41\u5411\u76f8\u53cd\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u653e\u7535\u987a\u5e8f ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u5728\u9634\u6781\u4e0a\uff0e\u5728\u9634\u6781\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u662f\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7535\u6781\u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u8d77\u5bfc\u7535\u4f5c\u7528\u800c\u4e0d<\/p>\n<p>\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u662f\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u987a\u5e8f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Ag \uff0b\u3001 Fe3 \uff0b\u3001 Cu2 \uff0b\u3001 H \uff0b\u3001 Pb2 \uff0b\u3001 Fe2 \uff0b\u3001 Zn2 \uff0b\u3001\uff08 H \uff0b\uff09\u3001 Al3 \uff0b\u3001<\/p>\n<p>Mg2 \uff0b\u3001 Na \uff0b\u3001 Ca2 \uff0b\u3001 K \uff0b<\/p>\n<p>\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u529b\u7531\u6613\u5230\u96be<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u4e0a\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\u4e2d H \uff0b\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a\u5728\u9178\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c H \uff0b\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u529b\u5728 Cu2 \uff0b\u4e0e Pb2<\/p>\n<p>\uff0b\u4e4b\u95f4\uff1b\u82e5\u5728\u76d0\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219 H \uff0b\u4f4d\u4e8e Zn2 \uff0b\u4e0e Ag \uff0b\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0e(2) \u5728\u9633\u6781\u4e0a\uff0e\u9996\u5148\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u7535\u6781\u662f\u6d3b\u6027\u7535\u6781\u8fd8\u662f\u60f0\u6027\u7535\u6781\uff0c\u82e5\u4e3a\u6d3b\u6027\u7535\u6781\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u9633<\/p>\n<p>\u6781\u672c\u8eab\u5931\u53bb\u7535\u5b50\u88ab\u6c27\u5316\u6210\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u8fdb\u5165\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8003\u8651\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u5931\u7535\u5b50\u60c5\u51b5\uff1b\u82e5\u4e3a\u60f0\u6027\u7535\u6781\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u5931\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u987a\u5e8f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>NO3 \uff0d\u6216 SO42 \uff0d\u7b49\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u6839\u3001 OH \uff0d\u3001 Cl \uff0d\u3001 Br \uff0d\u3001 I \uff0d\u3001 S2 \uff0d<\/p>\n<p>\u5931\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u529b\u7531\u5f31\u5230\u5f3a<\/p>\n<p>[ \u7535\u79bb\u4e0e\u7535\u89e3\u7684\u533a\u522b\u548c\u8054\u7cfb ]<\/p>\n<p>\u7535 \u79bb \u7535 \u89e3<\/p>\n<p>\u53d1\u751f\u6761\u4ef6 \u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u53d7\u70ed\u6216\u53d7\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4f5c\u7528 ( \u65e0\u987b\u901a\u7535 ) \u53d7\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n<p>\u7279 \u5f81 \u9634\u3001\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u65e0\u660e\u663e\u5316\u5b66\u53d8\u5316 \u9634\u3001\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u4f5c\u5b9a\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u5728<\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u6781\u4e0a\u6709\u7269\u8d28\u6790\u51fa<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4 \u660e \u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u7535\u79bb\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u53d8\u5316 \u2460\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u662f\u8be5\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u7535\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2461\u6e29\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u80fd\u529b\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u7535\u89e3\u901f\u5ea6\u52a0\u5feb<\/p>\n<p>( \u4f46\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u968f\u6e29\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\u800c\u51cf\u5f31 )<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e \u4f8b CuCl2 \uff1d Cu2 \uff0b +2Cl \uff0d CuCl2Cu2 \uff0b +Cl2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb \u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7535\u79bb\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u7535\u89e3<\/p>\n<p>[ \u539f\u7535\u6c60\u4e0e\u7535\u89e3\u6c60 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u7535 \u6781 \u7535\u6781\u53cd\u5e94 \u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u5411 \u80fd\u91cf<\/p>\n<p>\u8f6c\u53d8 \u4e3e \u4f8b<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u7535\u6c60 \u6b63\u3001\u8d1f\u6781\u7531\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u4f5c\u8d1f\u6781\uff1b\u8f83\u4e0d\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u4f5c\u6b63<\/p>\n<p>\u6781 \u8d1f\u6781\uff1a\u7535\u6781\u672c\u8eab\u5931\u53bb\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u6781\uff1a\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u5f97\u5230\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94 \u7535\u5b50\u7531\u8d1f\u6781\u6d41\u51fa\uff0c\u7ecf\u5916\u7535\u8def\u56de\u6b63<\/p>\n<p>\u6781 \u5316\u5b66\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u7535\u80fd \u94dc\u950c\u539f\u7535\u6c60<\/p>\n<p>\u8d1f\u6781\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Zn \uff0d 2e \uff0d\uff1d Zn2 \uff0b<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u6781\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2H \uff0b +2e \uff0d\uff1d H2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u89e3\u6c60 \u9634\u3001\u9633\u6781\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u5916\u52a0\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u6e90\u7684\u8d1f\u3001\u6b63\u6781\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a\u4e0e\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u6e90\u6b63\u6781\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u662f<\/p>\n<p>\u9633\u6781\uff1b\u4e0e\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u6e90\u8d1f\u6781\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u662f\u9634\u6781 \u9634\u6781\uff1a\u8f83\u6613\u83b7\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u4f18\u5148\u5f97\u5230\u7535\u5b50\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u53d1\u751f\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u9633\u6781\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6216\u8f83\u6613\u5931\u53bb\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u4f18\u5148\u5931\u53bb\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u5b50\u7531\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u6e90\u7684\u8d1f\u6781\u6d41\u51fa\uff0c\u7ecf\u5bfc\u7ebf\u5230\u8fbe\u7535\u89e3\u6c60\u7684\u9634\u6781\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u89e3\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u653e\u7535\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u518d\u4ece\u9633\u6781\u7ecf\u5bfc\u7ebf\u56de\u5230\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u6d41\u7684\u6b63\u6781 \u7535\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5316\u5b66\u80fd \u4ee5\u77f3\u58a8\u4e3a\u7535<\/p>\n<p>\u6781\u7535\u89e3 CuCl2 \u6eb6\u6db2<\/p>\n<p>\u9633\u6781\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2C1 \uff0d\uff0d 2e \uff0d\uff1d C12 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>\u9634\u6781\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Cu2 \uff0b +2e \uff0d\uff1d Cu \u2193<\/p>\n<p>[ \u7528\u60f0\u6027\u7535\u6781\u4f5c\u9633\u6781\u7535\u89e3\u9178\u3001\u78b1\u3001\u76d0\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b ]<\/p>\n<p>\u7269 \u8d28 \u4ee3\u8868\u7269 \u53c2\u52a0\u7535\u89e3<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u7269\u8d28 \u9634\u6781 ( \u533a )<\/p>\n<p>\u4ea7\u7269 \u9633\u6781 ( \u533a )<\/p>\n<p>\u4ea7\u7269 \u6eb6\u6db2 pH<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u9178 \u542b\u6c27\u9178 H2SO4 \u3001 HNO3 H2O H2 O2 \u51cf\u5c0f<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u6c27\u9178<\/p>\n<p>( \u9664 HF) HCl HCl H2 C12 \u589e\u5927<\/p>\n<p>\u78b1 \u5f3a\u78b1 NaOH \u3001 KOH H2O H2 O2 \u589e\u5927<\/p>\n<p>\u76d0 \u4e0d\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u65e0\u6c27\u9178\u76d0 CuCl2 CuCl2 Cu C12 \u589e\u5927 ( \u82e5\u8003\u8651 C12 \u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\uff0c\u5219<\/p>\n<p>pH \u51cf\u5c0f )<\/p>\n<p>\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u6c27\u9178\u76d0 NaCl NaCl \u3001 H2O H2 \u3001 NaOH C12 \u51cf\u5c0f<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u76d0 CuSO4 \u3001 AgNO3 CuSO4 \u3001 H2O<\/p>\n<p>AgNO3 \u3001 H2O Cu \uff1b Ag O2 \u3001 H2SO4<\/p>\n<p>O2 \u3001 HNO3 \u589e\u5927<\/p>\n<p>\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u76d0 K2SO4 \u3001 NaNO3<\/p>\n<p>KNO3 \u3001 Na2SO4 H2O H2 O2 \u4e0d\u53d8 \u5f52\u7eb3\uff1a (1) \u7535\u89e3\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u3001\u5f3a\u78b1\u548c\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u76d0\u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u7535\u89e3\u6c34\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5373\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2H2O2H2 \u2191 + O2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u7535\u89e3\u65e0\u6c27\u9178 (HF \u9664\u5916 ) \u3001\u4e0d\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\u65e0\u6c27\u9178\u7684\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7535\u89e3\u6eb6\u8d28\u672c\u8eab\uff0e\u4f8b<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2HClH2 \u2191 + Cl2 \u2191 CuCl2Cu + C12 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u7535\u89e3\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\u65e0\u6c27\u9178\u76d0\u6eb6\u6db2\u65f6\uff0c\u7535\u89e3\u7684\u603b\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u901a\u5f0f\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6eb6\u8d28 + H2OH2 \u2191 + \u78b1 + \u5364\u7d20\u5355\u8d28 X2( \u6216 S)<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u7535\u89e3\u4e0d\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\u542b\u6c27\u9178\u76d0\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u65f6\uff0c\u7535\u89e3\u7684\u603b\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u901a\u5f0f\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6eb6\u8d28 + H2OO2 \u2191 + \u9178 + \u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28<\/p>\n<p>(5) \u7535\u89e3\u65f6\uff0c\u82e5\u53ea\u751f\u6210 H2 \uff0c pH \u589e\u5927\uff0e\u82e5\u53ea\u751f\u6210 O2 \uff0c\u5219 pH \u51cf\u5c0f\uff0e\u82e5\u540c\u65f6\u751f\u6210 H2<\/p>\n<p>\u548c O2 \uff0c\u5219\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u7535\u89e3\u9178\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c pH \u51cf\u5c0f\uff1b\u7535\u89e3\u78b1\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c pH \u589e\u5927\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u89e3\u76d0\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c pH \u4e0d\u53d8\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>2 \uff0e\u7535\u89e3\u539f\u7406\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n<p>[ \u94dc\u7684\u7535\u89e3\u7cbe\u70bc\u3001\u7535\u9540\u94dc ]<\/p>\n<p>\u9879 \u76ee \u94dc\u7684\u7535\u89e3\u7cbe\u70bc \u7535\u9540\u94dc<\/p>\n<p>\u542b \u4e49 \u5229\u7528\u7535\u89e3\u539f\u7406\u5c06\u7c97\u94dc\u4e2d\u7684\u6742\u8d28 ( \u5982\u950c\u3001\u94c1\u3001\u954d\u3001\u94f6\u3001\u91d1\u7b49 ) \u9664\u53bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u7535<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u94dc ( \u542b Cu \u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u8fbe 99 \uff0e 95 \uff05\uff5e 99 \uff0e 98 \uff05 ) \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b \u5229\u7528\u7535\u89e3\u539f\u7406\u5728\u67d0<\/p>\n<p>\u4e9b\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u8868\u9762\u9540\u4e0a\u4e00\u8584\u5c42\u5176\u4ed6\u91d1\u5c5e ( \u94dc ) \u6216\u5408\u91d1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>\u76ee \u7684 \u5236\u5f97\u7535\u89e3\u94dc\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u94dc\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u6027 \u4f7f\u91d1\u5c5e\u66f4\u52a0\u7f8e\u89c2\u8010\u7528\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u9632\u9508\u6297\u8150\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u89e3\u6db2 CuSO4 \u6eb6\u6db2 ( \u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u786b\u9178 ) \u542b\u6709\u9540\u5c42\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50 (Cu2 \uff0b ) \u7684\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6<\/p>\n<p>\u6db2\u4f5c\u7535\u9540\u6db2 ( \u5982 CuSO4 \u6eb6\u6db2 )<\/p>\n<p>\u9633\u6781\u6750\u6599 \u7c97\u94dc \u9540\u5c42\u91d1\u5c5e (Cu)<\/p>\n<p>\u9634\u6781\u6750\u6599 \u7eaf\u94dc \u5f85\u9540\u91d1\u5c5e\u5236\u54c1<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u6781\u53cd\u5e94\u5f0f \u9634\u6781 Cu2 \uff0b +2e \uff0d\uff1d Cu Cu2 \uff0b +2e \uff0d\uff1d Cu<\/p>\n<p>\u9633\u6781 Cu \uff0d 2e \uff0d\uff1d Cu2 \uff0b<\/p>\n<p>Zn \uff0d 2e \uff0d\uff1d Zn2 \uff0b<\/p>\n<p>Ni \uff0d 2e \uff0d\uff1d Ni2 \uff0b Cu \uff0d 2e \uff0d\uff1d Cu2 \uff0b<\/p>\n<p>\u7279 \u70b9 \u2460\u9633\u6781\u53cd\u5e94\u4e3a\u7c97\u94dc\u4e2d\u7684 Cu \u53ca\u6742\u8d28\u5931\u53bb\u7535\u5b50\u800c\u6eb6\u89e3\u2461\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d CuSO4 \u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u57fa\u672c\u4e0d\u53d8 \u2460\u9633\u6781\u672c\u8eab\u5931\u53bb\u7535\u5b50\u800c\u6eb6\u89e3<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u91d1\u5c5e\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684 pH \u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4 \u660e \u5f53\u9633\u6781\u4e0a\u7684 Cu \u5931\u53bb\u7535\u5b50\u53d8\u6210 Cu2+ \u6eb6\u89e3\u540e\uff0c\u94f6\u3001\u91d1\u7b49\u91d1\u5c5e\u6742\u8d28\u4ee5\u5355\u8d28\u7684\u5f62<\/p>\n<p>\u5f0f\u6c89\u79ef\u4e8e\u7535\u89e3\u69fd\u5e95\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u9633\u6781\u6ce5 \u2460\u94dc\u9540\u5c42\u901a\u5e38\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u7535\u9540\u5176\u4ed6\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u9884\u9540<\/p>\n<p>\u5c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u9540\u5c42\u66f4\u52a0\u7262\u56fa\u548c\u5149\u4eae<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u7535\u9540\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u5e9f\u6c34\u4e2d\u5e38\u542b\u5267\u6bd2\u7269\u8d28\u5982\u6c30\u5316\u7269\u3001\u91cd\u91d1\u5c5e\u7b49\uff0e\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5904\u7406\u624d\u80fd<\/p>\n<p>\u6392\u653e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6c2f\u78b1\u5de5\u4e1a ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u7535\u89e3\u9971\u548c\u98df\u76d0\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u539f\u7406\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u9633\u6781\u7535\u6781\u53cd\u5e94\u5f0f (Fe \u68d2 ) \uff1a 2H \uff0b +2e \uff0d\uff1d H2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>(H \uff0b\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u4ea7\u751f H2 \u540e\uff0c\u9634\u6781\u533a OH \uff0d\u6d53\u5ea6\u589e\u5927\u800c\u663e\u78b1\u6027 )<\/p>\n<p>\u9633\u6781\u7535\u6781\u53cd\u5e94\u5f0f ( \u77f3\u58a8 ) \uff1a 2C1 \u2015\u2015 2e \uff0d\uff1d Cl2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u89e3\u7684\u603b\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1a 2NaCl + H2O2NaOH + H2 \u2191 + Cl2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u8bbe\u5907\uff1a\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u819c\u7535\u89e3\u69fd\uff0e\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u819c\u7535\u89e3\u69fd\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u9633\u6781\u3001\u9634\u6781\u3001\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u819c\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u89e3\u69fd\u6846\u548c\u5bfc\u7535\u94dc\u68d2\u7b49\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u53f0\u7535\u89e3\u69fd\u7531\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u69fd\u4e32\u8054\u6216\u5e76\u8054\u7ec4\u6210\uff0e\u7535\u89e3\u69fd<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u9633\u6781\u7528\u91d1\u5c5e\u949b\u5236\u6210\uff1b\u9634\u6781\u7531\u78b3\u94a2\u7f51\u5236\u6210\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u819c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u2460\u628a\u7535\u89e3\u69fd\u9694\u4e3a\u9634\u6781\u5ba4\u548c\u9633\u6781\u5ba4\uff1b\u2461\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8 Na \uff0b\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u800c Cl \uff0d\u3001 OH \uff0d\u548c\u6c14\u4f53\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\uff0e\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u9632\u6b62\u751f\u6210\u7684 H2 \u548c Cl2 \u76f8\u6df7\u5408\u800c\u53d1<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u907f\u514d C12 \u8fdb\u5165\u9634\u6781\u533a\u4e0e NaOH \u6eb6\u6db2\u4f5c\u7528\u751f\u6210 NaClO \u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u70e7\u78b1\u7684\u8d28<\/p>\n<p>\u91cf\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u819c\u6cd5\u7535\u89e3\u5236\u70e7\u78b1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u751f\u4ea7\u6d41\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e \u4e3a\u9664\u53bb\u7c97\u76d0\u4e2d\u7684 Ca2 \uff0b\u3001 Mg2 \uff0b\u3001 Fe3 \uff0b\u3001 SO42 \uff0d\u7b49\u6742\u8d28\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u9700\u4f9d\u6b21\u52a0<\/p>\n<p>\u5165\u8fc7\u91cf\u7684 BaCl2 \u6eb6\u6db2 ( \u9664\u53bb SO42 \uff0d ) \u3001 NaOH \u6eb6\u6db2 ( \u9664\u53bb Mg2 \uff0b\u3001 Fe3 \uff0b ) \u548c<\/p>\n<p>Na2CO3 \u6eb6\u6db2 ( \u9664\u53bb Ca2 \uff0b\u548c\u5269\u4f59\u7684 Ba2 \uff0b ) \uff0c\u6700\u540e\u52a0\u5165\u76d0\u9178\u4e2d\u548c NaOH \u4ee5\u53ca\u5c06\u5269<\/p>\n<p>\u4f59\u7684 Na2CO3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a NaCl \uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u89c4\u5f8b\u5927\u5168<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u786b\u9178\u5de5\u4e1a<\/p>\n<p>[ \u63a5\u89e6\u6cd5\u5236\u786b\u9178 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u4ea7\u9636\u6bb5 \u5178\u578b\u8bbe\u5907 \u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f \u8bf4 \u660e<\/p>\n<p>\u71c3\u70e7\u786b<\/p>\n<p>\u6216\u7145\u70e7<\/p>\n<p>\u786b\u94c1\u77ff\u5236\u53d6 SO2 \u53ca\u51c0\u5316 \u6cb8\u817e\u7089 S+02===S02<\/p>\n<p>4FeS2 \u5341 1102====2Fe20 +8S02 \u7528\u7145\u70e7\u9ec4\u94c1\u77ff\u5236\u5f97\u7684\u7089\u6c14\u56e0\u542b\u6c34\u84b8\u6c14\u3001\u7837\u3001\u7852\u7b49<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u548c\u77ff\u5c18\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u4e2d\u6bd2\uff0c\u6545\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9664\u5c18\u3001\u6d17\u6da4\u3001\u5e72\u71e5\u7b49\u51c0\u5316\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u89e6\u6c27\u5316 \u63a5\u89e6\u5ba4 \u5728\u5e38\u538b\u548c 400C \uff5e 500 \u2103\u65f6\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u548c SO2 \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u8f6c\u5316\u7387\u90fd<\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u8f83\u7406\u60f3<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u7684\u5438\u6536 \u5438\u6536\u5854 3SO3 + H2O \uff1d H2SO4 \u2460\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u6c34\u6216\u7a00 H2SO4 \u5438\u6536<\/p>\n<p>SO3 \u6613\u5f62\u6210\u9178\u96fe\u4e14\u5438\u6536\u901f\u7387\u5c0f\uff0c\u6545\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0a\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528 98.3 \uff05\u7684 H2SO4 \u4f5c\u5438\u6536\u5242\uff1b\u2461<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u5438\u6536\u5854\u51fa\u6765\u7684 SO2 \u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6c27\u5316<\/p>\n<p>[ \u786b\u9178\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0e\u539f\u6599\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u5229\u7528\uff0e\u5316\u5de5\u751f\u4ea7\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u6cbb\u7406\u201c\u4e09\u5e9f\u201d ( \u5e9f\u6c14\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u5e9f\u6c34\u3001\u5e9f\u6e23 ) \uff0c\u5e76\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u201c\u4e09\u5e9f\u201d\u53d8\u4e3a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u6599\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u5229\u7528\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u5c3e\u6c14\u5438\u6536\uff0e\u5c3e\u6c14\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u7684 SO2 \u6c14\u4f53\u53ef\u7528\u6c28\u6c34\u5438\u6536\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>SO2 + 2NH3 + H2O \uff1d (NH4)2SO3<\/p>\n<p>(NH4)2SO3 + H2SO4 \uff1d (NH4)2SO4 + SO2 \u2191 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u53cd\u5e94\u5f97\u5230\u7684 SO2 \u6c14\u4f53\u53ef\u518d\u8fdb\u5165\u786b\u9178\u5382\u5faa\u73af\u5229\u7528\uff0c (NH4)2SO4 \u53ef\u4f5c\u80a5\u6599\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6c61\u6c34\u5904\u7406\uff0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6c61\u6c34\u91cc\u542b\u6709\u7684 H2SO4 \u7b49\u6742\u8d28\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u77f3\u7070\u4e73\u4e2d\u548c\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4 \uff1d CaSO4 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u5e9f\u6e23\u7684\u5229\u7528\uff0e\u9ec4\u94c1\u77ff\u77ff\u6e23\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5236\u9020\u6c34\u6ce5\u539f\u6599\u6216\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u7816\uff1b\u542b\u94c1\u54c1\u4f4d\u9ad8\u7684\u77ff\u6e23\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u5904\u7406\u540e\u53ef\u70bc\u94c1\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\uff0e\u786b\u9178\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u90fd\u662f\u653e\u70ed\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u53ef\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u5e94\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u70ed\u80fd ( \u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u5e9f\u70ed\u201d ) \u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c\uff0e\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6cb8\u817e\u7089\u65c1\u8bbe\u7f6e\u201c\u5e9f\u70ed\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u9505\u7089\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u84b8\u6c7d\u6765\u53d1\u7535\uff1b\u5728\u63a5\u89e6\u5ba4\u4e2d\u8bbe\u70ed\u4ea4\u6362\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u5229\u7528 SO2 \u6c27\u5316\u4e3a SO3 \u65f6\u653e\u51fa<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\u6765\u9884\u70ed\u5373\u5c06\u53c2\u52a0\u53cd\u5e94\u7684 SO2 \u548c O2 \u4f7f\u5176\u8fbe\u5230\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0e\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u4ea7<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u201c\u5e9f\u70ed\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7531\u5916\u754c\u5411\u786b\u9178\u5382\u4f9b\u7ed9\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u786b\u9178\u5382\u5411<\/p>\n<p>\u5916\u754c\u8f93\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u751f\u4ea7\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u5382\u5740\u9009\u62e9\uff0e\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5de5\u751f\u4ea7\u8981\u6c42\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u89c4\u6a21\uff0e\u5316\u5de5<\/p>\n<p>\u5382\u5382\u5740\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u539f\u6599\u3001\u6c34\u6e90\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u571f\u5730\u4f9b\u5e94\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8f93\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4fdd<\/p>\n<p>\u62a4\u7b49\u8bf8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u6743\u8861\u5229\u5f0a\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u5408\u7406\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0e \u7531\u4e8e\u786b\u9178\u662f\u8150\u8680\u6027\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fbf\u8d2e\u5b58\u548c\u8fd0\u8f93\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u6c42\u628a\u786b\u9178\u5382\u5efa\u5728\u9760\u8fd1\u786b\u9178\u6d88\u8d39<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0e\u5de5\u5382\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u786b\u9178\u7528\u91cf\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u786b\u9178\u5382\u9009\u5740\u5e94\u907f\u5f00\u4eba\u53e3\u7a20\u5bc6\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u533a\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u89c4\u5f8b\u5927\u5168<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u5316\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5236\u5907\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5236\u5907\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u751f\u6210\u7684\u7269\u8d28<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u6027\u8d28\u4e5f\u5e38\u4f1a\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0e\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7269\u8d28\u5236\u5907\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6848\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fc7<\/p>\n<p>\u7a0b\u8fbe\u5230\u548c\u4fdd\u6301\u67d0\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u53d8\u5316\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u3001\u6709\u6548\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u5236\u5907\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u673a\u53cd\u5e94\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0e\u5404\u7c7b\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5236<\/p>\n<p>\u5907\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0e\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u5236\u5907\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0e\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u673a\u7269\u6570\u91cf<\/p>\n<p>\u5e9e\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5404\u7c7b\u6709\u673a\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e00\u822c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\u884d\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9<\/p>\n<p>\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5bfb\u627e\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5236\u5907\u7684\u5408\u7406\u9014\u5f84\u3001\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u5236\u5907\u63d0\u4f9b\u79d1\u5b66\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u4f9d\u636e\uff0e\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u5236\u5907\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6848\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u884d\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5236\u5907\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u601d\u8def\u662f\uff1a\u2460\u5217\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u5236\u5907\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u9014\u5f84\uff1b\u2461\u4ece\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u884c\u3001\u88c5\u7f6e\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5426\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1b\u2462\u4ece\u4e2d\u9009<\/p>\n<p>\u53d6\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0e\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6848\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u3001\u6709<\/p>\n<p>\u6548\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u6027\u8d28\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u90fd\u4e0e\u5b83\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8be5\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u53cd\u8fc7<\/p>\n<p>\u6765\u4e5f\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u9014\u548c\u5236\u6cd5\uff0e\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u8d28\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/p>\n<p>\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u6293\u4f4f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u4f53\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5b66\u4f1a\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u3001\u7efc\u5408\u3001\u6982<\/p>\n<p>\u62ec\uff0e\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u53ca\u5176\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6709\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u5f8b\u6765\u5206\u6790\u5143\u7d20\u53ca\u5176\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u6709\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f7f\u6709\u5173\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u5236\u6cd5\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6761\u7406\u5316\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6027\u8d28\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u601d\u8def\u662f\uff0c\u2460\u5145\u5206\u4e86\u89e3\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6027\u8d28\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u2461\u6839\u636e\u7269<\/p>\n<p>\u8d28\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6848\u6765\u63a2\u7d22\u6216\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7269\u8d28\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6027\u8d28\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5316\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6848\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u5b9e\u9a8c\u540d\u79f0\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5b9e\u9a8c\u76ee\u7684\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u5b9e\u9a8c\u539f\u7406\uff1b\u2463\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7528\u54c1 ( \u4eea\u5668\u3001\u836f\u54c1\u53ca\u89c4\u683c ) \uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2464\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6b65\u9aa4 ( \u5305\u62ec\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4eea\u5668\u88c5\u914d\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c ) \uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2465\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73b0\u8c61\u8bb0\u5f55\u53ca\u7ed3\u679c\u5904\u7406\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2466\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u601d\u8def\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u9610\u660e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u4eea\u5668\u548c\u836f\u54c1\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u753b\u51fa\u88c5\u7f6e\u56fe\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e8b\u9879\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u5199\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u62a5\u544a\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bd4\u548c\u5f52\u7eb3\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u51fa\u5177\u6709\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u597d\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u836f\u54c1\u6613\u5f97\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b80\u4fbf\u3001\u88c5\u7f6e\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u73b0\u8c61\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u6848\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u8fdb\u884c\u5316\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u5e94\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u9996\u8981\u539f\u5219\uff0e\u6240\u8c13\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u662f\u6307\u5b9e\u9a8c\u539f\u7406\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5fc5\u987b\u6b63\u786e\uff0e\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5148\u53d6\u5c11\u91cf\u56fa\u4f53\u6eb6\u89e3\uff1b\u518d<\/p>\n<p>\u53d6\u5c11\u91cf\u914d\u6210\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u52a0\u5165\u8bd5\u5242\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u6837\u54c1\u5168\u90e8\u6eb6\u89e3\u6216\u5728\u6eb6\u89e3\u540e\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6eb6<\/p>\n<p>\u6db2\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u8bd5\u5242\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u6bd2\u836f\u54c1\u548c\u8fdb\u884c\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u5371\u9669\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/p>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0e\u5982\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e94\u5728\u6240\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u5199\u660e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u9020\u6210<\/p>\n<p>\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u548c\u4eba\u8eab\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff1a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e94\u5207\u5b9e\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u9009\u7528\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u836f\u54c1\u3001\u4eea\u5668\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u5728\u4e2d<\/p>\n<p>\u5b66\u73b0\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u7b80\u7ea6\u6027\uff1a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e94\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u884c\uff0c\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u7528\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/p>\n<p>\u6b65\u9aa4\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u836f\u54c1\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u5728\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5316\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u591a\u79cd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\uff0e\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u5b9e<\/p>\n<p>\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e94\u5177\u6709\u6548\u679c\u660e\u663e\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u88c5\u7f6e\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u7528\u836f\u5c11\u3001\u6b65\u9aa4\u5c11\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u77ed\u7b49<\/p>\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c<\/p>\n<p>[ \u7269\u8d28\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u6c42 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u68c0\u9a8c\u65f6\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u8981\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5982\u6eb6\u6db2\u989c\u8272\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u6c89\u6dc0\u7684\u751f\u6210\u548c<\/p>\n<p>\u6eb6\u89e3\u3001\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6c89\u6dc0\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3001\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u6c14\u5473\u7b49\uff0e\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u5927\u4e14\u53cd\u5e94\u5b8c\u5168\uff0e(2) \u68c0\u9a8c\u65f6\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u8981\u5728\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u9178\u78b1\u5ea6\u3001\u6d53\u5ea6\u548c\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u8981\u6392\u9664\u5e72\u6270\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u68c0\u9a8c\u65f6\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u8981\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6027\uff0e\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u9009\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u9ad8\u6216\u7279\u5f81\u53cd\u5e94\u6765\u8fdb<\/p>\n<p>\u884c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u7269\u8d28\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u8def\u548c\u6b65\u9aa4 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u5bf9\u8bd5\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u5916\u89c2\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0e\u5bf9\u8bd5\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u5916\u89c2\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5229\u7528\u88ab\u68c0\u9a8c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u989c<\/p>\n<p>\u8272\u548c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u542b\u6709\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6392\u9664\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5206\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0e\u5982<\/p>\n<p>\u679c\u8bd5\u6837\u662f\u65e0\u8272\u6216\u767d\u8272\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u6392\u9664\u6709\u8272\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u5982 Cu2 \uff0b\u3001 Fe3 \uff0b\u3001 Fe2 \uff0b\u3001<\/p>\n<p>MnO4 \uff0d\u7b49\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8bd5\u6837\u6709\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u521d\u6b65\u5224\u65ad\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u54ea\u79cd\u79bb\u5b50\u6784\u6210\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u8bd5\u6837\u7684\u51c6\u5907\uff0e\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u56fa\u4f53\u8bd5\u6837\u8fd8\u662f\u6db2\u4f53\u8bd5\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u53d6\u5c11\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u914d\u5236\u6eb6\u6db2\u6216\u7528<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8e\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u8981\u7559\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u8bd5\u6837\u5907\u7528\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u6709\u4e9b\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u5728\u9178\u6027\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u6c14\u4f53\u800c\u9038\u51fa\uff0c\u6216\u53d1\u751f\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u4ef7<\/p>\n<p>\u6001\uff0c\u6216\u4e0e H 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\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0e\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u9a8c\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5404\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u53cd\u5e94\u5916\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u9009\u53d6\u9002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u6392\u9664\u79bb\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5e72\u6270\uff0e\u53ea\u8981\u6392\u9664\u5e72\u6270\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f97\u5f53\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6848\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u9664\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u79cd\u9634\u79bb\u5b50 ( \u5982 SO42 \uff0d\u3001 Cl \uff0d\u7b49 ) \u5916\uff0c\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u68c0\u9a8c\u65f6\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u4e00\u822c\u6bd4\u8f83<\/p>\n<p>\u5c11\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u522b\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u5728\u68c0\u9a8c\u540c\u4e00\u8bd5\u6837\u4e2d\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u5e72\u6270\u5219\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u68c0\u9a8c\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u6392\u9664\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u76f8\u4e92\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u8bd5\u6837\u4e2d\u7684\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u79cd\u7c7b<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u591a\uff0e\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u8bd5\u6837\u4e2d\u7684\u9633\u79bb<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\u79cd\u7c7b\u5c31\u4f1a\u591a\u4e9b\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u5728\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u67d0\u4e9b\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u80fd\u4e0e\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5728\u56fa<\/p>\n<p>\u4f53\u8bd5\u6837\u4e0a\u6ef4\u52a0\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u6216\u7a00\u786b\u9178\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u6c14\u5473\u521d\u6b65\u5224\u65ad\u542b\u6709\u7684\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef<\/p>\n<p>\u5229\u7528\u67d0\u4e9b\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u53ef\u4e0e\u8bd5\u5242\u751f\u6210\u6c89\u6dc0\u65f6\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u6c89\u6dc0\u989c\u8272\u521d\u6b65\u5224\u65ad\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9634<\/p>\n<p>\u79bb\u5b50\uff0e\u5728\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u67d0\u4e9b\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u5e26\u6709\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u6216\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u6c34\u89e3\uff0c\u6216\u4e0e\u78b1\u53cd\u5e94\u751f<\/p>\n<p>\u6210\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u6216\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u6027\u7b49\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u5224\u65ad\u8bd5\u6837\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6392\u9664\u67d0\u4e9b\u9633<\/p>\n<p>\u79bb\u5b50\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u7130\u8272\u53cd\u5e94\uff0e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u50cf K \uff0b\u3001 Na \uff0b\u7b49\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u7130\u8272\u53cd\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u7269\u8d28\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5 ](1) \u82e5\u4e3a\u56fa\u4f53\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5e94\u5148\u53d6\u5c11\u91cf\u6837\u54c1\u7528\u84b8\u998f\u6c34\u6eb6\u89e3\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u82e5\u7528\u539f\u74f6\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6c61\u67d3\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6574\u74f6<\/p>\n<p>\u8bd5\u5242\uff0e\u56e0\u6b64\uff0e\u5e94\u53d6\u5c11\u8bb8\u6837\u54c1\u8bd5\u6db2\u5728\u8bd5\u7ba1\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u800c\u7edd\u4e0d\u53ef\u5728\u539f\u8bd5\u5242\u74f6\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0<\/p>\n<p>\u9a8c\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u5728\u540c\u65f6\u68c0\u9a8c\u591a\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5c06\u5404\u6837\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>(4) \u5728\u7b54\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bb8\u201c\u6307\u540d\u9053\u59d3\u201d\uff0c\u53d9\u8ff0\u65f6\u4e0d\u53ef\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u53d6\u67d0\u67d0\u7269\u8d28\u52a0\u5165\u67d0\u67d0\u8bd5\u5242\u2026\u201d\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u5b57\u6837\uff0e\u53d9\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\uff1a\u5404\u53d6\u5c11\u8bb8\u6837\u54c1\u2192\u52a0\u84b8\u998f\u6c34\u6eb6\u89e3\u2192\u52a0\u5165\u6240\u9700\u8bd5\u5242\u2192\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73b0\u8c61<\/p>\n<p>\u2192\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u2192\u539f\u7406\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>[ \u5e38\u89c1\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5 ]<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u5e38\u89c1\u9633\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u68c0\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u9633\u79bb\u5b50 \u68c0\u9a8c\u8bd5\u5242 \u5b9e\u9a8c\u73b0\u8c61 \u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p>H \uff0b \u2460\u7d2b\u8272\u77f3\u854a\u8bd5\u6db2<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6a59\u8272\u7532\u57fa\u6a59\u8bd5\u6db2<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u950c\u7247 ( \u6216\u94c1\u7247 ) \u2460\u77f3\u854a\u8bd5\u6db2\u53d8\u7ea2\u8272<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u7532\u57fa\u6a59\u8bd5\u6db2\u53d8\u7ea2\u8272<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u6709\u80fd\u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f Zn + 2H \uff0b\uff1d Zn2 \uff0b + H2 \u2191<\/p>\n<p>K \uff0b \u7130\u8272\u53cd\u5e94 \u7d2b\u8272 ( \u900f\u8fc7\u84dd\u8272\u94b4\u73bb\u7483 )<\/p>\n<p>Na \uff0b \u7130\u8272\u53cd\u5e94 \u9ec4\u8272<\/p>\n<p>NH4 \uff0b NaOH \u6eb6\u6db2 ( \u6d53 ) \u52a0\u70ed\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u6709\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u6c14\u5473\u3001\u4f7f\u6e7f\u6da6\u7ea2\u8272\u77f3\u854a\u8bd5\u7eb8\u53d8\u84dd\u8272<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u6c14\u4f53 NH4 \uff0b + OH \uff0d\uff1d NH3 \u2191 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>Fe2 \uff0b \u2460 NaOH \u6eb6\u6db2<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u65b0\u5236\u7684\u6c2f\u6c34 +KSCN \u6eb6\u6db2 \u2460\u751f\u6210\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u53d8\u4e3a\u7070\u7eff\u8272\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u53d8\u6210\u7ea2\u8910\u8272<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6ef4\u52a0\u65b0\u5236\u7684\u6c2f\u6c34\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u7531\u6d45\u7eff\u8272\u53d8\u4e3a\u9ec4\u8272\uff0c\u518d\u6ef4\u52a0 KSCN \u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u5448\u7ea2\u8272 \u2460<\/p>\n<p>Fc 2 \uff0b + 2OH \uff0d\uff1d Fe(OH)2 \u2193<\/p>\n<p>4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O \uff1d 4Fe(OH)3<\/p>\n<p>\u2461 2Fe2 \uff0b + C12 \uff1d 2Fe3 \uff0b + 2Cl \uff0d<\/p>\n<p>Fe3 \uff0b + 3SCN \uff0d \uff1d Fe(SCN)3<\/p>\n<p>Fe3 \uff0b \u2460 NaOH \u6eb6\u6db2\u2461 KSCN \u6eb6\u6db2 \u2460\u751f\u6210\u7ea2\u8910\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u751f\u6210\u7ea2\u8272\u6eb6\u6db2 \u2460 Fc 3 \uff0b + 3OH \uff0d\uff1d Fe(OH)3 \u2193<\/p>\n<p>\u2461 Fe3 \uff0b + 3SCN \uff0d \uff1d Fe(SCN)3<\/p>\n<p>Cu2 \uff0b \u2460 NaOH \u6eb6\u6db2<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6d53\u6c28\u6c34 \u2460\u751f\u6210\u84dd\u8272\u7d6e\u72b6\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u52a0\u70ed\u540e\u53d8\u6210\u9ed1\u8272<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u751f\u6210\u7684\u84dd\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u6eb6\u4e8e\u8fc7\u91cf\u6d53\u6c28\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u5448\u6df1\u84dd\u8272\u6eb6\u6db2 \u2460 Cu2 \uff0b +2OH \uff0d\uff1d<\/p>\n<p>Cu(OH)2 \u2193<\/p>\n<p>Cu(OH)2CuO + H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u2461 Cu2 \uff0b + 2NH3 \u00b7 H2O \uff1d<\/p>\n<p>Cu(OH)2 \u2193 + 2NH4 \uff0b<\/p>\n<p>Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 \u00b7 H2O \uff1d<\/p>\n<p>[Cu(NH3)4]2 \uff0b +2OH \uff0d<\/p>\n<p>+4H2O<\/p>\n<p>Ag \uff0b \u2460\u76d0\u9178\u6216\u6c2f\u5316\u7269 + \u7a00 HNO3<\/p>\n<p>\u2461 NaOH \u6eb6\u6db2<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u6c28\u6c34 \u2460\u751f\u6210\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u7a00 HNO3<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u751f\u6210\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u5e76\u8fc5\u901f\u53d8\u4e3a\u68d5\u9ed1\u8272<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u751f\u6210\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u8fc7\u91cf\u7684\u6c28\u6c34\u4f7f\u6c89\u6dc0\u6eb6\u89e3 \u2460 Ag \uff0b + C1 \uff0d\uff1d AgCl \u2193<\/p>\n<p>\u2461 Ag \uff0b + OH \uff0d\uff1d AgOH \u2193<\/p>\n<p>2AgOH \uff1d Ag2O + H2O<\/p>\n<p>\u2462 Ag \uff0b +2NH3 \u00b7 H2O \uff1d<\/p>\n<p>AgOH \u2193 + 2NH4 \uff0b<\/p>\n<p>AgOH + 2NH3 \u00b7 H2O \uff1d<\/p>\n<p>[Ag(NH3)2] \uff0b + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p>Al3 \uff0b \u2460\u6c28\u6c34<\/p>\n<p>\u2461 NaOH \u6eb6\u6db2 \u2460\u4ea7\u751f\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u4ea7\u751f\u767d\u8272\u80f6\u72b6\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u8fc7\u91cf\u7684 NaOH \u6eb6\u6db2\u4f7f\u6c89\u6dc0\u6eb6\u89e3 \u2460 A13 \uff0b +3NH3 \u00b7 H2O \uff1dAl(OH)3 \u2193 +3NH4 \uff0b<\/p>\n<p>\u2461 A13 \uff0b + 3OH \uff0d\uff1d Al(OH)3 \u2193<\/p>\n<p>A1(OH)3 + OH \uff0d\uff1d A1O2 \uff0d + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p>Mg2 \uff0b NaOH \u6eb6\u6db2 \u4ea7\u751f\u767d\u8272\u7d6e\u72b6\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u8fc7\u91cf\u7684 NaOH \u6eb6\u6db2\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u6c89\u6dc0\u6eb6\u89e3 Mg2<\/p>\n<p>\uff0b +2OH \uff0d\uff1d Mg(OH)2 \u2193<\/p>\n<p>Ca2 \uff0b Na2CO3 \u6eb6\u6db2 + \u7a00\u76d0\u9178 \u4ea7\u751f\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u6c89\u6dc0\u6eb6\u4e8e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u4e2d Ca2 \uff0b + CO32<\/p>\n<p>\uff0d\uff1d CaCO3 \u2193<\/p>\n<p>CaCO3+2H \uff0b\uff1d Ca2 \uff0b + CO2 \u2191 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>(2) \u5e38\u89c1\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u68c0\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0e<\/p>\n<p>\u9634\u79bb\u5b50 \u68c0\u9a8c\u8bd5\u5242 \u5b9e\u9a8c\u73b0\u8c61 \u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p>OH \uff0d \u2460\u65e0\u8272\u915a\u915e\u8bd5\u6db2<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u7d2b\u8272\u77f3\u854a\u8bd5\u6db2<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u7532\u57fa\u6a59\u8bd5\u6db2 \u2460\u915a\u915e\u8bd5\u6db2\u53d8\u7ea2\u8272<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u7d2b\u8272\u77f3\u854a\u8bd5\u6db2\u53d8\u84dd\u8272<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u6a59\u8272\u7532\u57fa\u6a59\u8bd5\u6db2\u53d8\u9ec4\u8272<\/p>\n<p>CO32 \uff0d \u7a00\u76d0\u9178 ( \u6216\u786b\u9178\u3001\u785d\u9178 ) \u3001\u6f84\u6e05\u77f3\u7070\u6c34 \u52a0\u5165\u9178\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u65e0\u8272\u3001\u65e0\u5473\u7684\u6c14\u4f53<\/p>\n<p>\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u8be5\u6c14\u4f53\u80fd\u4f7f\u6f84\u6e05\u77f3\u7070\u6c34\u53d8\u6d51\u6d4a CO32 \uff0d + 2H \uff0b\uff1d CO2 \u2191 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uff1d CaCO3 \u2193 + H2O<\/p>\n<p>SO42 \uff0d BaCl2[ \u6216 Ba(NO3)2 \u6eb6\u6db2 ] \u3001\u7a00 HNO3 \u751f\u6210\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u8be5\u6c89\u6dc0\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u7a00<\/p>\n<p>HNO3 Ba2 \uff0b + SO42 \uff0d\uff1d BaSO4 \u2193<\/p>\n<p>Cl \uff0d AgNO3 \u6eb6\u6db2\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u7a00 HNO3 \u751f\u6210\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u6b64\u6c89\u6dc0\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u7a00 HNO3 Ag \uff0b + Cl \uff0d\uff1d AgCl \u2193<\/p>\n<p>Br \uff0d \u2460 AgNO3 \u6eb6\u6db2\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u7a00 HNO3<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u65b0\u5236\u7684\u6c2f\u6c34\u3001\u56db\u6c2f\u5316\u78b3 \u2460\u751f\u6210\u6d45\u9ec4\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u6b64\u6c89\u6dc0\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u7a00 HNO3<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6eb6\u6db2\u7531\u65e0\u8272\u53d8\u4e3a\u6a59\u8272\uff0c\u52a0 CCl4 \u632f\u8361\u540e\uff0c CCl4 \u5c42\u53d8\u4e3a\u6a59\u7ea2\u8272 \u2460 Ag \uff0b + Br \uff0d\uff1d<\/p>\n<p>AgBr \u2193<\/p>\n<p>\u2461 2Br \uff0d + Cl2 \uff1d Br2 + 2C1 \uff0d I \uff0d \u2460 AgNO3 \u6eb6\u6db2\u3001<\/p>\n<p>\u7a00 HNO3<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u65b0\u5236\u7684\u6c2f\u6c34\u3001\u56db\u6c2f\u5316\u78b3<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u65b0\u5236\u7684\u6c2f\u6c34\u3001\u6dc0\u7c89\u6eb6\u6db2 \u2460\u751f\u6210\u9ec4\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u6b64\u6c89\u6dc0\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u7a00 HNO3<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u6eb6\u6db2\u7531\u65e0\u8272\u53d8\u4e3a\u9ec4\u8272\uff0c\u52a0 CCl4 \u632f\u8361\u540e\uff0c CCl4 \u5c42\u663e\u7d2b\u7ea2\u8272<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u6eb6\u6db2\u663e\u84dd\u8272 \u2460 Ag \uff0b + I \uff0d\uff1d AgI \u2193<\/p>\n<p>\u2461 2I \uff0d + Cl2 \uff1d I2 + 2C1 \uff0d<\/p>\n<p>\u2462 2I \uff0d + Cl2 \uff1d I2 + 2C1 \uff0d<\/p>\n<p>NO3 \uff0d \u88ab\u68c0\u7269\u7684\u6d53\u6eb6\u6db2 ( \u6216\u6676\u4f53 ) + H2SO4( \u6d53 ) +Cu \u5e76\u5171\u70ed \u6709\u7ea2\u68d5\u8272\u6c14\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f<\/p>\n<p>Cu + 4H \uff0b + 2NO3 \uff0d\uff1d Cu2 \uff0b<\/p>\n<p>+ 2NO2 \u2191 + 2H2O<\/p>\n<p>SO32 \uff0d \u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u6216\u7a00\u786b\u9178 \u653e\u51fa\u65e0\u8272\u6709\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u6c14\u5473\u3001\u80fd\u4f7f\u54c1\u7ea2\u8bd5\u6db2\u892a\u8272\u7684\u6c14\u4f53<\/p>\n<p>SO32 \uff0d + 2H \uff0b\uff1d SO2 \u2191 + H2O<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u603b\u590d\u4e60\u8d44\u6599\u5927\u5168 &#8211; \u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u89c4\u5f8b\u5927\u5168 \u2014\u2014\u795d\u5929\u4e0b\u5b66\u5b50\u90fd\u80fd\u5b66\u6709\u6240\u6210 \u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u53ca\u5176\u80fd\u91cf\u53d8 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[136],"tags":[],"content_type":[],"class_list":["post-11811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pgsx"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11811"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11811\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11811"},{"taxonomy":"content_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcontent_type&post=11811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}