{"id":9643,"date":"2024-06-13T15:41:48","date_gmt":"2024-06-13T07:41:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/?p=9643"},"modified":"2025-01-08T21:14:28","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T13:14:28","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e4%b8%ad%e8%81%8c%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e3%80%8b%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e6%9c%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/?p=9643","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u4e2d\u804c\u7f51\u7edc\u300b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u603b\u7ed3"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"postTitle\"><span role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"2\">\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u603b\u7ed3<\/span>\u00a0<\/h1>\n<div class=\"postBody\">\n<div id=\"cnblogs_post_body\" class=\"blogpost-body blogpost-body-html\">\n<div id=\"navCategory\">\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u6b21\u5212\u5206<\/li>\n<li>2. OSI\u4e03\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b<\/li>\n<li>3. IP\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n<li>4. \u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u5212\u5206<\/li>\n<li>5. ARP\/RARP\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n<li>6. \u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n<li>7. TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n<li>8. UDP\u534f\u8bae\u3000<\/li>\n<li>9. DNS\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n<li>10. NAT\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n<li>11. DHCP\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n<li>12. HTTP\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n<li>13. \u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3e\u4f8b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ec8\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5f62\u8c61\u5730\u6bd4\u55bb\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u5929\u671d\u5730\u5e7f\u4eba\u591a\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u8bed\u8a00\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65b9\u8a00\u4e4b\u95f4\u5dee\u8ddd\u5de8\u5927\u3002A\u5730\u533a\u7684\u65b9\u8a00\u53ef\u80fdB\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u6c9f\u901a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u653e\u773c\u5168\u7403\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u5916\u56fd\u53cb\u4eba\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u8981\u82e6\u903c\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u82f1\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u540c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u3002\u800cARPA\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e1977\u5e74\u52301979\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3aARPANET\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u70ed\u6367\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4eba\u5c3d\u7686\u77e5\u7684TCP\/IP\u6807\u51c6\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u76ee\u524dTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3aInternet\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\uff0c\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7fa4\u4e4b\u95f4\u5229\u7528TCP\/IP\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20240613234026332.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-9644\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20240613234026332.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"476\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"First\"><strong>1. \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u6b21\u5212\u5206<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5382\u5bb6\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u80fd\u591f\u76f8\u4e92\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5efa\u7acb\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08ISO\uff09\u57281978\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e92\u8054\u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u8457\u540d\u7684OSI\/RM\u6a21\u578b\uff08Open System Interconnection\/Reference Model\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e03\u5c42\uff0c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff08Physics Layer\uff09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff08Data Link Layer\uff09\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff08Network Layer\uff09\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff08Transport Layer\uff09\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\uff08Session Layer\uff09\u3001\u8868\u793a\u5c42\uff08Presentation Layer\uff09\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff08Application Layer\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u4e09\u5c42\u9762\u5411\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\u9664\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u7684OSI\u4e03\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u6b21\u5212\u5206\u8fd8\u6709TCP\/IP\u56db\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u4ee5\u53caTCP\/IP\u4e94\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20240613234238753.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-9646\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20240613234238753.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"470\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"First\">2. OSI\u4e03\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b83\u5c31\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0a\u7f51\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6709\u5173\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662fOSI\u4e03\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u662fTCP\/IP\u7684\u56db\u5c42\u3001\u4e94\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u4e2d\u90fd\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e13\u5c5e\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u7531\u4e8eOSI\u4e03\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5c42\u6b21\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5OSI\u4e03\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u4f8b\u4ece\u4e0b\u5411\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e00\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20240613234351760.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-9649\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20240613234351760.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1067\" height=\"571\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000<strong>1\uff09\u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff08Physical Layer\uff09<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3001\u7ef4\u6301\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u901a\u4fe1\u7aef\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u7279\u6027\u3001\u7535\u6c14\u7279\u6027\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7279\u6027\u3002<strong>\u8be5\u5c42\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5a92\u4f53\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u786e\u4fdd\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/strong>\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668\uff08Repeater\uff0c\u4e5f\u53eb\u653e\u5927\u5668\uff09\u548c\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>2\uff09\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff08Data Link Layer\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5411\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5c06\u6e90\u81ea\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u76f8\u90bb\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3002\u4e3a\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u4e2d\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5757\u4e3a\u5e27\uff08frame\uff09\uff0c\u5e27\u662f\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7684\u4f20\u9001\u5355\u4f4d\uff1b\u5982\u4f55\u63a7\u5236\u5e27\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4fe1\u9053\u4e0a\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u4f20\u8f93\u5dee\u9519\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u8282\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u7387\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u76f8\u5339\u914d\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u901a\u8def\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u7ef4\u6301\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u8be5\u5c42\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u5bfb\u5740\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6210\u5e27\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u68c0\u9519\u3001\u91cd\u53d1\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u6709\u5173\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>1&gt;\u00a0\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff1b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u30002&gt;\u00a0\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u5e27\uff1b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u30003&gt; \u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u534f\u8bae\uff1b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u30004&gt; \u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8bbe\u5907\u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u7f51\u6865\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>3\uff09\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff08Network Layer\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u7aef\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u900f\u660e\u4f20\u9001\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u5bfb\u5740\u548c\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u4fdd\u6301\u548c\u7ec8\u6b62\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4f7f\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u7528\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c11\u7684\u8bcd\u6765\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u8def\u5f84\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u8def\u7531\u53ca\u903b\u8f91\u5bfb\u5740\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e5f\u662fTCP\/IP\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u534f\u8bae\u2014\u2014IP\u534f\u8bae\u3002IP\u534f\u8bae\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4f20\u9001\u670d\u52a1\u3002IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u6709\uff1a\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4e0eIP\u534f\u8bae\u914d\u5957\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8baeARP\u3001\u9006\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8baeRARP\u3001\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u62a5\u6587\u534f\u8baeICMP\u3001\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8baeIGMP\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u30001&gt; \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bf9\u5b50\u7f51\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u7f51\u9645\u4e92\u8fde\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff1b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u30002&gt; \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3aIP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\uff1b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u30003&gt; \u5305\u542b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000IP\u534f\u8bae\uff08Internet Protocol\uff0c\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u4e92\u8054\u534f\u8bae\uff09;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong><strong>ICMP\u534f\u8bae\uff08Internet Control Message Protocol\uff0c\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u63a7\u5236\u62a5\u6587\u534f\u8bae\uff09;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong><strong>ARP\u534f\u8bae\uff08Address Resolution Protocol\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff09;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000RARP\u534f\u8bae\uff08Reverse Address Resolution Protocol\uff0c\u9006\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u30004&gt; \u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff1a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>4\uff09\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff08Transport Layer\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\uff0c\u5373\u4e3b\u673a\u5230\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u4e0a\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6bb5\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u8fd8\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u6839\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7aef\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u53d6\u6d88\u4f20\u8f93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143\u79f0\u4e3a\u6bb5\u6216\u62a5\u6587\u3002<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u53ea\u662f\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u5c06\u6e90\u7ed3\u70b9\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u7ed3\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u5219\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\u6709\u5173\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\uff1a<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\"><strong>\u3000\u30001&gt;\u00a0\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u4e0a\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6bb5\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u4ee5\u53ca\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u95ee\u9898\uff1b<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"para\"><strong>\u3000\u30002&gt; \u5305\u542b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u534f\u8bae\uff1aTCP\u534f\u8bae\uff08Transmission Control Protocol\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u3001UDP\u534f\u8bae\uff08User Datagram Protocol\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae\uff09\uff1b<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"para\"><strong>\u3000\u30003&gt; \u91cd\u8981\u8bbe\u5907\uff1a\u7f51\u5173\u3002<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>5\uff09\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\u7ba1\u7406\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5373\u8d1f\u8d23\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\u8fd8\u5229\u7528\u5728\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u6821\u9a8c\u70b9\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>6\uff09\u8868\u793a\u5c42<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u6216\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u6362\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>7\uff09\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\u3001\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u91cd\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>1&gt; \u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u62a5\u6587\uff1b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u30002&gt; \u5305\u542b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u534f\u8bae\uff1aFTP\uff08\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u9001\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u3001Telnet\uff08\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u3001DNS\uff08\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u3001SMTP\uff08\u90ae\u4ef6\u4f20\u9001\u534f\u8bae\uff09\uff0cPOP3\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u90ae\u5c40\u534f\u8bae\uff09\uff0cHTTP\u534f\u8bae\uff08Hyper Text Transfer Protocol\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"First\">3. IP\u5730\u5740<\/h3>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>1\uff09\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000IP\u5730\u5740\u7531\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5b50\u7f51\u53f7\uff09\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u4e3a\u51680\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>2\uff09\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u533a\u5206\u53d7\u9650\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u4e3a\u51681\u3002\u5f53\u5411\u67d0\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u90fd\u80fd\u6536\u5230\u8be5\u5e7f\u64ad\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>3\uff09\u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000D\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u662f\u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5148\u56de\u5fc6\u4e0bA\uff0cB\uff0cC\uff0cD\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u5427\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000A\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u4ee50\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a\uff1a0.0.0.0~127.255.255.255\uff1b(<strong>modified @2016.05.31<\/strong>)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000B\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u4ee510\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u662f\uff1a128.0.0.0~191.255.255.255;<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000C\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u4ee5110\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u524d\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u662f\uff1a192.0.0.0~223.255.255.255\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000D\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u4ee51110\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u662f224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255\uff0cD\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff08\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000E\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u4ee51111\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u662f240.0.0.0~255.255.255.255\uff0cE\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u4e3a\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f9b\u4ee5\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u6ce8\uff1a\u53ea\u6709A,B,C\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u4e4b\u5206\uff0cD\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u548cE\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u6ca1\u6709\u5212\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>4\uff09255.255.255.255<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8be5IP\u5730\u5740\u6307\u7684\u662f\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002\u53d7\u9650\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u4e00\u822c\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff08\u76f4\u63a5\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff09\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u53d7\u9650\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f6c\u53d1\u4ee5\u53d7\u9650\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\uff1b\u4e00\u822c\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u65e2\u53ef\u5728\u672c\u5730\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u8de8\u7f51\u6bb5\u5e7f\u64ad\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4e3b\u673a192.168.1.1\/30\u4e0a\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5e7f\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5192.168.1.5\/30\u4e5f\u80fd\u6536\u5230\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u62a5\uff1b\u82e5\u53d1\u9001\u53d7\u9650\u5e7f\u64ad\u6570\u636e\u62a5\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u6536\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u6ce8\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff08\u76f4\u63a5\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff09\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e9b\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff08\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>5\uff090.0.0.0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5bfb\u627e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684RARP\uff0cBOOTP\u548cDHCP\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u67d0\u4e2a\u672a\u77e5IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u65e0\u76d8\u673a\u60f3\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4ee5255.255.255.255\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5411\u672c\u5730\u8303\u56f4\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u88ab\u5404\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5c4f\u853d\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff09\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001IP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>6\uff09\u56de\u73af\u5730\u5740<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000127.0.0.0\/8\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u56de\u73af\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u56de\u73af\u5730\u5740\u8868\u793a\u672c\u673a\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u672c\u673a\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u7528\u7684\u6700\u591a\u7684\u662f127.0.0.1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>7\uff09A\u3001B\u3001C\u7c7b\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740(private address)\u4e5f\u53eb\u4e13\u7528\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u5168\u7403\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u5177\u6709\u672c\u5730\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000A\u7c7b\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740\uff1a10.0.0.0\/8\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\u662f\uff1a10.0.0.0~10.255.255.255<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000B\u7c7b\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740\uff1a172.16.0.0\/12\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\u662f\uff1a172.16.0.0~172.31.255.255<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000C\u7c7b\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740\uff1a192.168.0.0\/16\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\u662f\uff1a192.168.0.0~192.168.255.255<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"First\">4. \u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u5212\u5206<\/h3>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u7684IPv4\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5373\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u5360\u4f4d\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u4f4d\u592a\u5c11\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5176\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7a00\u7f3a\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528NAT\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u90e8\u5229\u7528\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u5740\u81ea\u884c\u5206\u914d\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7c7b\u522b\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u518d\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e0d\u540c\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7fa4\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6bb5\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5229\u7528IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4d\u90e8\u5206\u53d6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b50\u7f51\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\u754c\u9650\u4e2d\u6269\u5c55\u6216\u538b\u7f29\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u67d0\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u5b50\u7f51\u3002\u4f46\u521b\u5efa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u6570\u76ee\u4f1a\u6bd4\u539f\u5148\u51cf\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u662f\u6807\u5fd7\u4e24\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5426\u540c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f32\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5176\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a1\u4ee3\u8868\u8be5\u4f4d\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e3a0\u4ee3\u8868\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u3002\u5b83\u548cIP\u5730\u5740\u4e00\u6837\u4e5f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u70b9\u5f0f\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6765\u8868\u793a\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u5728\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0b\u6240\u5f97\u7ed3\u679c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6ce8\u610fIP\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5373\u201c 0\u201d\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u6307\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u5168\u4e3a\u201c 0\u201d\u6216\u201c 1\u201d\u65f6\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u672c\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u5728\u5185\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e0\u987b\u518d\u5212\u5206\u6210\u5b50\u7f51\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5373\u6309\u7167\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u5373\u53ef\u5199\u51fa\uff1a\u5982\u67d0B\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u4e3a 10.12.3.0\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u518d\u5206\u5272\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u5219\u8be5IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801255.255.0.0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aC\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4e3a 255.255.255.0\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u8be6\u8ff0\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u952e\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u518d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5212\u5206\u51fa\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u63a9\u7801\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4e0b\u9762\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\u6709\u5173\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u5212\u5206\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9762\u8bd5\u8003\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u30001\uff09\u5229\u7528\u5b50\u7f51\u6570\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6c42\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4e4b\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u8981\u5212\u5206\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u6240\u9700\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000(1) \u5c06\u5b50\u7f51\u6570\u76ee\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6765\u8868\u793a;<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5982\u6b32\u5c06B\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740168.195.0.0\u5212\u5206\u621027\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\uff1a27=11011\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000(2) \u53d6\u5f97\u8be5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\uff0c\u4e3aN\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8be5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4e3a\u4e94\u4f4d\u6570\uff0cN = 5<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000(3) \u53d6\u5f97\u8be5IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7c7b\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7684\u524dN\u4f4d\u7f6e1\u5373\u5f97\u51fa\u8be5IP\u5730\u5740\u5212\u5206\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5c06B\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801255.255.0.0\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u524d5\u4f4d\u7f6e 1\uff0c\u5f97\u5230 255.255.248.0<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>2\uff09\u5229\u7528\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5982\u6b32\u5c06B\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740168.195.0.0\u5212\u5206\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u5185\u6709\u4e3b\u673a700\u53f0\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000(1) \u5c06\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u76ee\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000700=1010111100\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000(2) \u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e254\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u53bb\u6389\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u4e24\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u5f97\u8be5\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4f4d\u6570\uff0c\u4e3aN\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u80af\u5b9a N&lt;8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5927\u4e8e254\uff0c\u5219 N&gt;8\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u5c06\u5360\u636e\u4e0d\u6b628\u4f4d\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8be5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4e3a\u5341\u4f4d\u6570\uff0cN=10\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000(3) \u4f7f\u7528255.255.255.255\u6765\u5c06\u8be5\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u4f4d\u6570\u5168\u90e8\u7f6e1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u540e\u5411\u524d\u7684\u5c06N\u4f4d\u5168\u90e8\u7f6e\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u5373\u4e3a\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5c06\u8be5B\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801255.255.0.0\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u5168\u90e8\u7f6e1\uff0c\u5f97\u5230255.255.255.255\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4ece\u540e\u5411\u524d\u5c06\u540e 10\u4f4d\u7f6e0,\u5373\u4e3a\uff1a11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000\uff0c\u5373255.255.252.0\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8be5\u6b32\u5212\u5206\u6210\u4e3b\u673a\u4e3a700\u53f0\u7684B\u7c7bIP\u5730\u5740 168.195.0.0\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>3\uff09\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u9898\u578b\uff0c\u8981\u4f60\u6839\u636e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u5b50\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u548c<\/strong><strong>\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u53ef\u6309\u4e0a\u8ff0\u539f\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u670910\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u9700\u8981\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u300010\uff0b1\uff0b1\uff0b1\uff1d13<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u52a0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a1\u662f\u6307\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7f51\u5173\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a1\u5206\u522b\u662f\u6307\u7f51<\/strong><strong>\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u4e3a13\u5c0f\u4e8e16\uff0816\u7b49\u4e8e2\u76844\u6b21\u65b9\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3b\u673a\u4f4d\u4e3a4\u4f4d\u3002\u800c256\uff0d16\uff1d240\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8be5\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4e3a255.255.255.240\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u670914\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u5e38\u72af\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u662f\uff1a\u4f9d\u7136\u5206\u914d\u5177\u670916\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u800c\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u7ed9\u7f51\u5173\u5206\u914d\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u9519\u8bef\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a14\uff0b1\uff0b1\uff0b1\uff1d17\uff0c17\u5927\u4e8e16\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u5206\u914d\u5177\u670932\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff0832\u7b49\u4e8e2\u76845\u6b21\u65b9\uff09\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4e3a\uff1a255.255.255.224\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"First\">5. ARP\/RARP\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5373ARP\uff08Address Resolution Protocol\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6839\u636eIP\u5730\u5740\u83b7\u53d6\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/strong>\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u5c06\u5305\u542b\u76ee\u6807IP\u5730\u5740\u7684ARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e7f\u64ad\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u6536\u8fd4\u56de\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u786e\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\uff1b\u6536\u5230\u8fd4\u56de\u6d88\u606f\u540e\u5c06\u8be5IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u5b58\u5165\u672c\u673aARP\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u5e76\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u67e5\u8be2ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u4ee5\u8282\u7ea6\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u4e92\u76f8\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u4e3b\u53d1\u9001ARP\u5e94\u7b54\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u673a\u6536\u5230\u5e94\u7b54\u62a5\u6587\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u68c0\u6d4b\u8be5\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u8bb0\u5165\u672c\u673aARP\u7f13\u5b58\uff1b\u7531\u6b64\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u67d0\u4e00\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u4f2aARP\u5e94\u7b54\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5230\u8fbe\u9884\u671f\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u6216\u5230\u8fbe\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aARP\u6b3a\u9a97\u3002<strong>ARP\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u672c\u673aARP\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2dIP\u5730\u5740\u548cMAC\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u9759\u6001\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000ARP\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\u4e3b\u673aA\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e3a192.168.1.1\uff0cMAC\u5730\u5740\u4e3a0A-11-22-33-44-01\uff1b<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e3a192.168.1.2\uff0cMAC\u5730\u5740\u4e3a0A-11-22-33-44-02\uff1b<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u4e3b\u673aA\u8981\u4e0e\u4e3b\u673aB\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff08192.168.1.2\uff09\u89e3\u6790\u6210\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\uff081\uff09\u6839\u636e\u4e3b\u673aA\u4e0a\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u5185\u5bb9\uff0cIP\u786e\u5b9a\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1IP\u5730\u5740\u662f192.168.1.2\u3002\u7136\u540eA\u4e3b\u673a\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u672c\u5730ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u68c0\u67e5\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684\u5339\u914dMAC\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\uff082\uff09\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u673aA\u5728ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u8be2\u95ee192.168.1.2\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06ARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e27\u5e7f\u64ad\u5230\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u6e90\u4e3b\u673aA\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548cMAC\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u5305\u62ec\u5728ARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u3002\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u90fd\u63a5\u6536\u5230ARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u4e14\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u73b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4e22\u5f03ARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\uff083\uff09\u4e3b\u673aB\u786e\u5b9aARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e3b\u673aA\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548cMAC\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u672c\u5730ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\uff084\uff09\u4e3b\u673aB\u5c06\u5305\u542b\u5176MAC\u5730\u5740\u7684ARP\u56de\u590d\u6d88\u606f\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u4e3b\u673aA\u3002<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\uff085\uff09\u5f53\u4e3b\u673aA\u6536\u5230\u4ece\u4e3b\u673aB\u53d1\u6765\u7684ARP\u56de\u590d\u6d88\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u7528\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684IP\u548cMAC\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u66f4\u65b0ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u672c\u673a\u7f13\u5b58\u662f\u6709\u751f\u5b58\u671f\u7684\uff0c\u751f\u5b58\u671f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u518d\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u4e00\u65e6\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e3b\u673aA\u5c31\u80fd\u5411\u4e3b\u673aB\u53d1\u9001IP\u901a\u4fe1\u4e86\u3002<\/div>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u9006\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5373RARP\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u548cARP\u534f\u8bae\u76f8\u5bf9\uff0c\u5176\u5c06\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aIP\u5730\u5740<\/strong>\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u800c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7RARP\u534f\u8bae\u53d1\u51fa\u5f81\u6c42\u81ea\u8eabIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7531RARP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u56de\u7b54\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000RARP\u534f\u8bae\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\uff081\uff09\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u5730\u7684RARP\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u5e7f\u64ad\u5305\u4e2d\uff0c\u58f0\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u5e76\u4e14\u8bf7\u6c42\u4efb\u4f55\u6536\u5230\u6b64\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684RARP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\uff082\uff09\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e0a\u7684RARP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u6b64\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u5176RARP\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u8be5MAC\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff1b<\/p>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\uff083\uff09\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\uff0cRARP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c31\u7ed9\u6e90\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5e76\u5c06\u6b64IP\u5730\u5740\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e3b\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\uff1b<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\uff084\uff09\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0cRARP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e0d\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff1b<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\uff085\uff09\u6e90\u4e3b\u673a\u6536\u5230\u4eceRARP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u5229\u7528\u5f97\u5230\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u8baf\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230RARP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"First\">6. \u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u534f\u8bae\u6709\uff1aRIP\u534f\u8bae\u3001OSPF\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000RIP<\/strong><strong>\u534f\u8bae<\/strong>\u00a0\uff1a\u5e95\u5c42\u662f\u8d1d\u5c14\u66fc\u798f\u7279\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u9009\u62e9\u8def\u7531\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\uff08metric)\u662f\u8df3\u6570\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u8df3\u6570\u662f15\u8df3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5927\u4e8e15\u8df3\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e22\u5f03\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>OSPF<\/strong><strong>\u534f\u8bae<\/strong>\u00a0\uff1aOpen Shortest Path First\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5148\uff0c\u5e95\u5c42\u662f\u8fea\u6770\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u9009\u62e9\u8def\u7531\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u5e26\u5bbd\uff0c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"First\">7. TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000<strong>TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u662fInternet\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3001Internet\u56fd\u9645\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7531\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684IP\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684TCP\u534f\u8bae\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u901a\u4fd7\u800c\u8a00\uff1aTCP\u8d1f\u8d23\u53d1\u73b0\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u53d1\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u91cd\u65b0\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u800cIP\u662f\u7ed9\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u53f0\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000IP\u5c42\u63a5\u6536\u7531\u66f4\u4f4e\u5c42\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5c42\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42&#8212;TCP\u6216UDP\u5c42\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cIP\u5c42\u4e5f\u628a\u4eceTCP\u6216UDP\u5c42\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u66f4\u4f4e\u5c42\u3002IP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aIP\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u6765\u786e\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5305\u662f\u5426\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6216\u8005\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7834\u574f\uff0cIP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff08\u6e90\u5730\u5740\uff09\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff08\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0\u3000\u3000TCP\u662f\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u901a\u8baf\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u8981\u62c6\u9664\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eTCP\u662f\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u901a\u8baf\u3002TCP\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u5e26\u91cd\u4f20\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u786e\u8ba4\u201d\u6280\u672f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002TCP\u8fd8\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7a97\u53e3\u5b9e\u9645\u8868\u793a\u63a5\u6536\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>TCP\u62a5\u6587\u9996\u90e8\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>TCP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u548c\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"medium-zoom-image\" src=\"https:\/\/images2015.cnblogs.com\/blog\/764050\/201509\/764050-20150904110008388-1768388886.gif\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000\u6ce8\uff1aseq<\/strong>:&#8221;sequance&#8221;\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\uff1b<strong>ack<\/strong>:&#8221;acknowledge&#8221;\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7\uff1b<strong>SYN<\/strong>:&#8221;synchronize&#8221;\u8bf7\u6c42\u540c\u6b65\u6807\u5fd7\uff1b<strong>\uff1bACK<\/strong>:&#8221;acknowledge&#8221;\u786e\u8ba4\u6807\u5fd7&#8221;<strong>\uff1b<\/strong><strong>FIN<\/strong>\uff1a&#8221;Finally&#8221;\u7ed3\u675f\u6807\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/strong>\u9996\u5148Client\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\uff0cServer\u6bb5\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u56de\u590dACK\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\u3002Client\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5230ACK\u62a5\u6587\u540e\u4e5f\u5411Server\u6bb5\u53d1\u751fACK\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u914d\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u65ad\u5f00\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/strong>\u5047\u8bbeClient\u7aef\u53d1\u8d77\u4e2d\u65ad\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587\u3002Server\u7aef\u63a5\u5230FIN\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8bf4&#8221;\u6211Client\u7aef\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u8981\u53d1\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e86&#8221;\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd8\u6709\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6025\u7740\u5173\u95edSocket\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u5148\u53d1\u9001ACK\uff0c&#8221;\u544a\u8bc9Client\u7aef\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6211\u6536\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u8fd8\u6ca1\u51c6\u5907\u597d\uff0c\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f60\u7b49\u6211\u7684\u6d88\u606f&#8221;\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019Client\u7aef\u5c31\u8fdb\u5165FIN_WAIT\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u7b49\u5f85Server\u7aef\u7684FIN\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u5f53Server\u7aef\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5219\u5411Client\u7aef\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587\uff0c&#8221;\u544a\u8bc9Client\u7aef\uff0c\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u8fd9\u8fb9\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86&#8221;\u3002Client\u7aef\u6536\u5230FIN\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c&#8221;\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u53ef\u4ee5\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6015Server\u7aef\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001ACK\u540e\u8fdb\u5165TIME_WAIT\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5982\u679cServer\u7aef\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230ACK\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u4f20\u3002\u201c\uff0cServer\u7aef\u6536\u5230ACK\u540e\uff0c&#8221;\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u53ef\u4ee5\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86&#8221;\u3002Client\u7aef\u7b49\u5f85\u4e862MSL\u540e\u4f9d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u56de\u590d\uff0c\u5219\u8bc1\u660eServer\u7aef\u5df2\u6b63\u5e38\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u90a3\u597d\uff0c\u6211Client\u7aef\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u3002Ok\uff0cTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u5173\u95ed\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4e09\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u6b21\u201c\u63e1\u624b\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u5047\u8bbeClient\u60f3\u8ddfServer\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u9014\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u6545Client\u7aef\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u904d\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019Server\u7aef\u4ec5\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019Client\u7aef\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5e76\u53d1\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u5728\u67d0\u7ed3\u70b9\u88ab\u963b\u585e\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0bServer\u7aef\u5c06\u5148\u540e\u6536\u52302\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u6301\u7eed\u7b49\u5f85\u4e24\u4e2aClient\u8bf7\u6c42\u5411\u4ed6\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e&#8230;\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0cCient\u7aef\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u800cServer\u7aef\u5374\u67092\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e8eClient\u7aef\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4Server\u7aef\u6700\u540e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86N\u591a\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u9020\u6210\u6781\u5927\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u201c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u201d\u5f88\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8bd5\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f60\u60f3\u65ad\u5f00\u8ddfServer\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u505a\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u5148\u505c\u6b62\u5411Server\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85Server\u7684\u56de\u590d\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u60c5\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4f60\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0d\u5f80Server\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u597d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u65f6\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6709\u4e3b\u52a8\u6743\u5411\u4f60\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u6545Server\u7aef\u8fd8\u5f97\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e3b\u52a8\u5411\u4f60\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85\u4f60\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u8bf4\u767d\u4e86\u5c31\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6267\u884c\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4f7f\u7528TCP\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff1aFTP\uff08\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u3001Telnet\uff08\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u3001SMTP\uff08\u7b80\u5355\u90ae\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u3001POP3\uff08\u548cSMTP\u76f8\u5bf9\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u90ae\u4ef6\uff09\u3001HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"First\">8. UDP\u534f\u8bae\u3000<\/h3>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000<strong>UDP\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u662f\u9762\u5411\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u901a\u8baf\u534f\u8bae\uff0cUDP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u62ec\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u548c\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u901a\u8baf\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e7f\u64ad\u53d1\u9001\u3002<\/strong><strong>UDP\u901a\u8baf\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e22\u5305\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u8981\u6c42\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7f16\u7a0b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000UDP\u4e0eTCP\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u91cd\u53d1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cUDP\u4e0d\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u7535\u8def\u7684\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0cUDP\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u9762\u5411\u67e5\u8be2&#8212;\u5e94\u7b54\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982NFS\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8eFTP\u6216Telnet\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\u6bcf\u4e2aUDP\u62a5\u6587\u5206UDP\u62a5\u5934\u548cUDP\u6570\u636e\u533a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u62a5\u5934\u7531\u56db\u4e2a16\u4f4d\u957f\uff082\u5b57\u8282\uff09\u5b57\u6bb5\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u62a5\u6587\u957f\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6821\u9a8c\u503c\u3002UDP\u62a5\u5934\u75314\u4e2a\u57df\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57df\u5404\u5360\u75282\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff081\uff09\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff1b<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\uff082\uff09\u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff1b<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\uff083\uff09\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u957f\u5ea6\uff1b<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\uff084\uff09\u6821\u9a8c\u503c\u3002<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\u4f7f\u7528UDP\u534f\u8bae\u5305\u62ec\uff1aTFTP\uff08\u7b80\u5355\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u3001SNMP\uff08\u7b80\u5355\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u3001DNS\uff08\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u3001NFS\u3001BOOTP\u3002<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000<strong>TCP<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u4e0e<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>UDP<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/strong>TCP\u662f\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u670d\u52a1\uff1bUDP\u662f\u9762\u5411\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"First\">9. DNS\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000DNS\u662f\u57df\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf(DomainNameSystem)\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u4e8e\u547d\u540d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5230\u57df\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\uff0c<strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5c06URL\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aIP\u5730\u5740<\/strong>\u3002\u57df\u540d\u662f\u7531\u5706\u70b9\u5206\u5f00\u4e00\u4e32\u5355\u8bcd\u6216\u7f29\u5199\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u60df\u4e00\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5728Internet\u4e0a\u57df\u540d\u4e0eIP\u5730\u5740\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\uff0cDNS\u5c31\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002DNS\u547d\u540d\u7528\u4e8eInternet\u7b49TCP\/IP\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u67e5\u627e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/div>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"First\">10. NAT\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000<\/strong>NAT\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362(Network Address Translation)\u5c5e\u63a5\u5165\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51(WAN)\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u79c1\u6709\uff08\u4fdd\u7559\uff09\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578bInternet\u63a5\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0cNAT\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86lP\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u907f\u514d\u6765\u81ea\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u9690\u85cf\u5e76\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"First\">11. DHCP\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n<p>\u3000\u3000DHCP\u52a8\u6001\u4e3b\u673a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u534f\u8bae\uff08Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528UDP\u534f\u8bae\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u9014\uff1a\u7ed9\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u914dIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u6216\u8005\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f5c\u4e2d\u592e\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"First\">12. HTTP\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n<div class=\"para\">\u3000\u3000\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff08HTTP\uff0cHyperText Transfer Protocol)\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684WWW\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5b88\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000HTTP<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u534f\u8bae\u5305\u62ec\u54ea\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000GET\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8bfb\u53d6\u7531URL\u6240\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000POST\uff1a\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6dfb\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u5982\u6ce8\u91ca\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000PUT\uff1a\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684URL\u4e0b\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000DELETE\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684URL\u6240\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000HTTP<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u4e2d\uff0c<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>POST<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u4e0e<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>GET<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u30001\uff09Get\u662f\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0cPost\u662f\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f20\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u30002\uff09Get\u662f\u628a\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u636e\u961f\u5217\u52a0\u5230\u63d0\u4ea4\u8868\u5355\u7684Action\u5c5e\u6027\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684URL\u4e2d\uff0c\u503c\u548c\u8868\u5355\u5185\u5404\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u5728URL\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u30003\uff09Get\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5927\u4e8e2KB\uff1bPost\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u88ab\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u30004\uff09\u6839\u636eHTTP\u89c4\u8303\uff0cGET\u7528\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u548c\u5e42\u7b49\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000I. \u6240\u8c13\u00a0<strong>\u5b89\u5168\u7684<\/strong>\u00a0\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u800c\u975e\u4fee\u6539\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0cGET\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u5e94\u4ea7\u751f\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000II.\u00a0<strong>\u5e42\u7b49<\/strong>\u00a0\u7684\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00URL\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e94\u8be5\u8fd4\u56de\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20240613234026332.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-9644\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20240613234026332.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"476\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20240613234026332.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-9644\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/20240613234026332.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"476\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"First\">13. \u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p><strong>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.baidu.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>www.baidu.com<\/strong><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<strong>\u540e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u73b0\u5728\u5047\u8bbe\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165http:\/\/www.baidu.com,\u800cbaidu.com\u4e3a\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bbf\u95ee\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u800c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5173\u4e8e\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u30001\uff09\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u901a\u8fc7DNS\u89e3\u6790\u5230www.baidu.com\u7684IP\u5730\u5740220.181.27.48\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u627e\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5230220.161.27.48\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7TCP\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u88c5\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u30002\uff09\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff0c\u628aHTTP\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u6210\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u6e90\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5982\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u752880\u7aef\u53e3\u76d1\u542c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u59825000\uff0c\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u628a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u76845000\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528IP\u5c42\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u30003\uff09\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u4e0d\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u6216\u8005\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u505a\u7684\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u627e\u8def\u7531\u8868\u786e\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5230\u8fbe\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u671f\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u65e0\u975e\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u627e\u8def\u7531\u8868\u51b3\u5b9a\u901a\u8fc7\u90a3\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u5230\u8fbe\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u30004\uff09\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff0c\u5305\u901a\u8fc7\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u90bb\u5c45\u534f\u8bae\u67e5\u627e\u7ed9\u5b9aIP\u5730\u5740\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53d1\u9001ARP\u8bf7\u6c42\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u5e94\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ARP\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e94\u7b54\u4ea4\u6362\u7684IP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u8f93\u4e86\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53d1\u9001IP\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u8fbe\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u603b\u7ed3\u00a0 1. \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u6b21\u5212\u5206 2. OSI\u4e03\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b 3. IP\u5730\u5740 4. \u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u5212 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"content_type":[],"class_list":["post-9643","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zzjy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9643","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9643"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9643\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9643"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9643"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9643"},{"taxonomy":"content_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aiersheng.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcontent_type&post=9643"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}