真题-单词词义的考查

2025-01-19 08:27:03

≦ 1 ≧
1. There is miserable news that very few people______ the earthquake.(2009)
A．recover
B．survived
C．existed
D．discovered
2. I asked him to________ me a few minutes SO that I could have a word with him．(2009)
A．spend
B. spare
C．save
D share
3 _______your book．and do this work first．You may read it later.(2009)
A．Put out
B．Put away
C．Put up
D．Put on
4．Until then did I realize that their marriage had______ because they had little in common．(2009)
A．put off
B．given up
C．broken down D．called off
5 ． Many companies are seeking to exploit and develop the rich natural_______ regions．（2009）
A．sources
B．resources
C materials
6．Some local companies are making great for a share of the market.．（2009）
A．connect
B．combine
C compete
D power
efforts to _____ with foreign companies
D
compare
7 ． Many students will watch TV only to ＿ ＿ ＿ ＿ ＿ time during the summer vacation．（2009）
A．spend
B．waste
Ｃ
enjoy
Ｄ
kill
8．Last year the advertising rate ________ by 20 percent. （2010）
A. raised
B. aroused
C. arose
D. rose
9．When he arrived, he found _______ the aged and the sick at home. （2010）
A. nothing but
B. none but
C. none other
D. no other than
10．The student was just about to _______ the question, when suddenly he found the answer. （2010）
A. arrive at
B. give up
C. submit to
D. work out
11．It is impossible to _______ with a person whose methods are completely opposed to your own. （2010）
A. cooperate
B. correspond
C. compete
D. compare
12．The first, second, and third prizes went to Jack, Tom, and Harry _______ . （2010）
A. equally
B. Differently
C. similarly
D. respectively
13．He had never given a speech to so many people, so he felt _______.（2010）
A. excited
B. stupid
C. disappointed
D. nervous
14．Success in the lab doesn’t always mean immediate success on a large ________.（2010）
A. business
B. account
C. way
D. scale
15. Mr. Smith said that he did not want to _________any further responsibilities.（2010）
A. get on
B. look up
C. put up
D. take on
16. When the interval came, everyone _______the bar. （2010）
A. made out
B. made into
C. made for
D. made up
17. The wide use of computers is a _______of the Information age. （2010）
A. urgent
B. characteristic
C. remarkable
D. feature
18. If either of you had been able to _______your anger, the fight would have been

≦ 2 ≧
avoided. （2010）
A. hold up
B. hold out
C. hold back
19. The story of the homeless orphan has
A. aroused
B. attracted
D. hold onto
_______ sympathy from the public.（2010）
C. defended
D. adopted
20.The coat has a _____ inside to show the time and where it was made.(2011) A. label B. mark C. sign D. tag
21. I’m very sorry to have_____you with so many questions on such an occasion.(2011)
A. interfered B. bothered C. impressedD. offended
22. When she retired, she did a lot of_____ work for the Red Cross. (2011)
A. social
B. portable C. prominent
D. voluntary
23. The French pianist who had been praised very highly ＿ to be a great disappointment. (2011)
A. turned in
B. turned out
C. turned up
D. turned down
24. Martin Luther King was_____the Nobel Prize for advocating the nonviolence policies in the movement for citizen rights. (2011)
A. gained
B. got
C. awarded D. owned
25. This is the first draft of the book. Please feel perfectly free to_____on it. (2011)
A. conform B. complain C. confirm
D. comment
26. A primitive answer makes you feel good, but an_____one teaches you a lot.(2011)
A. affirmative
B. negative G. objective D. subjective
27. The noise _____ until she couldn’t stand it any longer. (2011)
A. set up
B. range up C. built up D. called up
28. The dog waiting behind the gale looked_____that I did not dare to go in. (2011)
A. mild B. fierce
C. wild D. harmful
29. Jane is scolded by her boss because she left the office with the computer_____yesterday. (2011)
A. on
B. out
C. unlocked D. unclosed
30. Don’t joke with Linda, she takes everything far too _____.(2011)
A. carefully B. gravely
C. critically D. seriously

≦ 3 ≧
31. Mr Morgan can be very sad_____ though in public he is extremely cheerful.(2011)
A. by himself
B. in person
C. in private
D. as himself
32. She keeps a supply of candles in the house in case of power_____.(2011)
A. failure
B. lack C. absence
D. drop
33. Some people are _____ to policies and what is going on in other places. (2011)
A. keen B. curious
C. enthusiastic
D. indifferent
34. We are quite sure that we can _____ our present difficulties and finish the task on schedule. (2011)
A. get across
B. get over C. get away D. get off
35. Marry has come; I will put ______a plate on the dining table.
A) a further
B) a spare
C) an extra
D) more
36. After interviewing several workers, she came to a (an)____that their working conditions were very poor.
A) observation
B) illustration
C) conclusion
D) qualification
37. He is a student of great intelligence and diligence.___ , he is a top student in the class.
A) Undoubtedly
B) Fortunately
C) Nevertheless
38. Silk and nylon look alike but they_____in origin and cost.
A) refer
B) infer
C) differ
D) In spite
D) prefer
39.What we would like you to know is that we greatly_____ your timely help.
A) compliment
B) appreciate
C) thank
D) attach
40.Mr. Brown had an unusual____; he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.
A) position
B) occupation
C) profession
D) career
41.It was____of you to get up early to catch the first bus so that you could avoid traffic jam
A) reasonable
B) sensible
C) sentimental
42.Her beauty can not _____her stupidity.
A) make out of
B) make for
C) make at
D) sensitive D) make up for
43.Community service can___anything from gardening to helping in old people’s homes.
A) involve
B) ask
C) insist
D) remain
44. There seems to be an electrical problem. I’ll get someone to ___it.
A) look at
B) look into
C) look upon
D) look out
45.After the war, Germany became one of Europe’s most____countries.
A) prosperous
B) improved
C) swift
D) interested
46.New computers are soon out of date since newer models are____constantly.
A) turned up
B) turned over
C) turned down
D) turned out

≦ 4 ≧
47.The scene in the movie____ him of his childhood.
A)recalled
B)remembered
C)recollected
D)reminded
48. The football match was televised____from the Worker’s stadium.
A) live
B) living
C) alive
D) lively
49. Color-blind people often find it difficult to____ blue and green.
A) compare
B) contrast
C) distinguish
50. The office was in darkness____the light over his desk.
A) besides
B) except
C) except for
D) separate
D) rather than
51. The old lady sat in an armchair, her cat ____ beside her.
A) lay
B) lying
C) lied
D)laying
52. PTO stands_____” Please turn over the page” , of course（2013）
A) for
B) like
C) as
D) by
53. This passage is ____too difficult for the juniors and _____too easy（2013）
A) rather . . . . rather C) fairly . . . .fairly
B) rather . . . .fairly D) fairly . . . . rather
54. To our surprise, Jack scored 400 ____an average of 250 in a recent English competition（2013）
A) toward
B) for
C) against
D)with
55. The oxygen in the air we breathe mixes________ our blood and gives us life.（2013）
A) in
B) with
C) up
D) on
56. Dick, something important has happened , I wish to________（2013）
A) talk it over with you C) talk over
B) talk over it D)talk you with it
57. _______we know, there are 107 elements found in nature（2013）
A) So long as
B) As far
C) So far as
D) Just as
58. Frank had worked for three years to be a technician, but found his progress______（2013）
A) discouraging and unsatisfied C) discouraged and dissatisfied
B) discouraging and dissatisfied
D) unsatisfactory and discouraging
59. John dreamed of getting a better_____ and could earn more money.（2013）
A) job
B) work
C)employ
D) employment
60. On his way home he was killed in a car________（2013）
A) blow
B) shock
C) crash
D) hit
61. On my journey by car across the European Continent, I enjoyed looking at the_____ of various countries（2013）
A) scenery
B) sceneries
C) scenes
D) views
62. She hadn’t eaten breakfast：_______,she was hungry by noon（2013）
A) furthermore
B) therefore
C) as well as
63. This group is ______ a nonprofit organization（2013）
A) periodically
B) readily
C)practically
D) still
D) roughly
64. The accident which happened on the highway______ several vehicles. （2013）
A) connected
B) involved
C) contained
D) contacted
65. The committee came up with a set of solutions to t[he problems facing the area

≦ 5 ≧
and has got _______results（2013）
A) constructive
B) instructive
C) perceptive
D) effective
66. To our great surprise , Mr. Baker has quickly recovered from his_____ illness（2013）
A) sincere
B) strict
C) superior
D) severe
67.This new type of car is fitted with an effective engine, which is ______fuel（2013）
A) C)
economic economical
of of
B) economized of D) economist of
68.We all know that arrows are often used as_______ to show directions. （2013）
A) signs
B) messages
C) signals
D) symbols
69. The improvements in technology have___ the prices of computer considerably in recent months. （2014）
A)brought back
B)brought down
C) brought on
D)brought up
70.As the manager’s private secretary. Helen has easy____ to all his correspondence.（2014）
A)access
B)approach
C)accent
D)response
71.The editor asked his journalists not to_____any details in their reports of the accident. （2014）
A) leave for
B)leave on
C) leave off
D)leave out
72. The party had to be____ because the host went down with a bad case of flu.（2014）
A) called in
B)called off
C) called on
D)called up
73. Since his wife died, he has____himself into the research work. （2014）
A) devoted
B)dedicated
C) thrown
D)contributed
74. He has spent all his life working with mentally ____ people. （2014）
A) disabled
B)diverged
C) naked
D)abolished
75. The road to the island only appears when the tide has____.（2014）
A) sprinkled
B) receded
C) tilted
D) diminished
76. Environmentalists are doing everything within their power to ____ the impact of the oil spill. （2014）
A) reject
B) belittle
C)minimize
D)reclaim
77. I would always____ buying a good quality car rather than a cheap one. （2014）
A) appreciate recommend
B) approve
C) introduce
D)
78. I didn’t know anything about any of the books so my choice was quite ____.（2014）
A) arbitrary
B) obvious
.
. C) evident
D) fortunate
79. I followed her____ but I still couldn’t work out how to use the sewing machine. .（2014）
A) description
B) introduction
C) instructions
D) comments
80. Employees are ___to join the company’s pension plan after a year’s service.（2014）
A) compelled
B) acquired
C) responded
D) regarded
81. She soon ____ the actor who had starred in the popular movie Speed. （2014）
A) specified
B) realized
C)justified
D)identified

≦ 6 ≧
82.We collected hundreds of____ in support of not allowing cars into the city center（2014）.
A) signatures
B) awareness
C) stationery
D) statements
83. The young man struggled to____ where he was at the time the murder took place.（2014）
A) reflect
B) respond
C) resolve
D) recall
84. People found to their horror that two-thirds of the adult population in that area had____AIDS.（2014）
A) contacted
B) contrasted
C) contracted
D) compacted
85. Though faced with many difficulties, he would not____online learning.（2014）
A) give up
B) get through
C) get by
D) give in
86. As National Day is round the corner, Shanghai is______a festive atmosphere.（2014）
A) looked on
B) involved in
C) bathed in
D) surrounded with
87. He is so kind and easy-going that the kids go____him in a big way. （2014）
A) for
B) to
C) with
D) off
88. She seemed to be aware of the delicacy of the situation and she was taking great care not to say anything to___ her companion. （2014）
A) ignore
B)neglect
C)charm
D)embarrass
89.The obvious unfairness of such poverty side by side with conspicuous affluence reminded of their____parents back home. （2014）
A) vulnerable
B) destructive
C) critical
D) sentimental
90.Writing a letter or reading a book may appear to be____activities in which individuals exercise personal skills. （2014）
A) scarce
B) sophisticated
C) solitary
D)sincere
91.He took her hand and felt the scar on her thumb, ____of an accident kitchen knife in the early days of their marriage. （2014）
A) mode
B)premise
C) signature
D)legacy
with a
92. As each black creature ____ and flapped away into the graying sky, she watched it, tears in her eyes. （2014）
A) fluttered
B) featured
C) fussed
D) ferried
93. The moment seemed to ____ out endlessly, his gaze traveling across her face, her neck, her shoulder, returning to her eyes. （2014）
A) stretch
B) expand
C) skip
D) slip
94. Although the poem contains such pessimistic overtones and pathetic acceptance of fate, there is hope to be found in the last two lines which seem to be ____ from the rest. （2014）
A) taken apart
B) set aside
C) set apart
D) fallen apart
95. His aim was to ____pride in being black and to inspire black Americans to campaign for equal rights. （2014）
A) respond
B) restore
C) restrain
D) retreat
96. A class is said rather vaguely to____a group of persons sharing similar occupations and incomes, and as a consequence similar life-styles and beliefs. （2014）
A) consist of
B) contrast with
C) contribute in
D) composed of

≦ 7 ≧
97. The couple have tried hard to save their troubled marriage_____their children.（2014）
A) in contrast to of
B) rather than
C) for the sake of
98. She tries her best to ____the changes in fashion. （2015）
A) keep up with
B) put off
C) come up with
D) go by
D) regardless
99. If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get____;（2015）
A) troubled B) mistaken
C) confused
D) interfered
100. We can ____with people in most parts of the world by telephone. （2015）
A) communicate
B) tell
C) relate
D)connect
101. The book tells us about the author’s life _____about his writings.
A) also
B) as much as
C) as well as
D) as well
102. I got a splitting headache. It kept me ____the whole night.
A) waken
B) aware
C)awake
D) waking
103. I’d like to ____ a special seat for the concert of May 5.
A) serveB) reserve
C) preserve D) conserve them
（2015）
（2015）
（2015）
104. The students of this university complain about traffic noises which _____when
they are having classes.
A) disturb
B)interrupt
（2015）
C) prevent
D) interfere
105. Mary ______her bag at the first sight by seeing its color.
A) identified
B)told
106. The picture _____ countryside. （2015）
A) reminded
C)knew
D)claimed
（2015）
me of the days when I spent my childhood in the
B) collected
C) remembered D) recalled
107. Over the years my father had gradually ______ a collection of precious stamps.（2015）
A) collected
B) gathered
C)accumulated
D)absorbed
108.It was hard work, but they _____to it and got the job done.
A) adjust
B)follow
109.This article ______
foreign language.
A) calls for
C)continue
D)stuck
（2015）
more attention to the problem of cultural interference in
（2015）
B) allows for
110. Although buses are
A) scheduled
C) cares for
D) applies for
to depart at a certain hour, they are often late. （2015）
B) obligated
C) requested
D) loaded
111.What _____ to him is whether the job allows him to pursue his studies.
A) matters
B)happens
C)refers
D)applies
112. A smart appearance makes a ______impression at an interview.
A) favorable
B)favored
C)favorite
D)favoring
（2015）
（2015）
113.She pretended not ______ indifferent but her facial expression betrayed her.（2015）
A) to be
B) being
C)
be D) been
114．She grabbed me _______and pulled me out of the taxi.（2015）
A) a arm
B) an arm
C) by the arm
D) the arm
115. I know Mike is slow at understanding, but we should be patient _______ him.

≦ 8 ≧
（2015）
A) for
B) with C) at
116. We must____
A) assure
D) about
that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible.（2016）
B) secure
C) ensure
D) issue
117. I need to move to a larger apartment. Do you know of any_____ ones neighborhood? （2016）
A) vacant
B) bare
C) blank
D) empty
in
this
118. You can do it if you want to, but in my opinion, it’s not worth the_____ it involves. （2016）
A) effort C) force
B) attempt D) strength
119. People in that district _____ use oil lamps, for there is no gas or electricity.（2016）
A) can
B) may C) must
D) have to
120. My brother likes eating very much but he isn’t very ____about the food he eats.（2016）
A) special
C) particular
B) peculiar D) unusual
121. That____me of the days I spent in the countryside. （2016）
A) reminded
B) remembered
C) memorized
D) recalled
122. Students with financial problems are troubled by high tuition_____.（2016）
A) money C) fees
B) costs D) prices
123.Don’t touch that wire. It’s ____.
A) living B) alive
C)live
（2016） D) lively
124.He was____by the police with having murdered his wife. （2016）
A) arrested C) sentenced
B) accused D) charged
125. She said that she would be here at seven o’clock. But she didn’t ____ until eight.（2016）
A) turn on C) turn out
B) turn up D) turn down
126. At the time of economic crisis, he could only earn a_____of $ 2,000 per month.（2016）
A) wage
B) pay
C) salary
D) fee
127. Please_____your overcoat from the scat so that I can sit down. （2016）
A.) move B) shift C) transfer
D) remove
128.I think you’d better hold you position and don’t_____
A) gave off C) gave away
B) gave up D) gave in
to their demands. （2016）

≦ 9 ≧
129.He is totally _____ to other people’s attitudes. （2016）
A) unconcerned
B) careless
C) indifferent
D) bold
130.He was caught ____in the examination. （2016）
A) deceiving C) tricking
B) cheating D) joking
131. Mary changed her dollars for the______amount of pounds. (2017)
A)likely
B)alike
C)equivalent
D)similar
132. He doesn’t have enough______,while his brother is______in repairing cars.(2017)
A)experiences;experience C)experience;experience
B)experiences;experienced D)experience;experienced
133. Mother told me that she will come back______,maybe in a few weeks. (2017)
A)long ago
B)long before
C)later on
D)before long
134. The huntsman caught only a______of the deer before it ran into the woods.(2017)
A)gaze
B)glare
C)glimpse
135. Don’t______the news to public until you are asked to. (2017)
A)release
B)show
C)announce
D)stare D)expose
136.The only thing now standing______of further progress is lack of money. (2017)
A)on the way
B)in the way
C)by the way
D)off the way
137. If we go on consuming energy so wastefully,______are our oil wells will be dried up before new energy resources can be found to replace oil. (2017)
A)chances
B)opportunities
C)questions
138. ______the opportunity,everyone of us will be a success. (2017)
A)Giving
B)Given
C)Give
D)problems
D)Gave
139.When asked by news reporters,the Prime Minister______that he would visit France next mouth. (2017)
A)discovered
B)confirmed
C)ascertained
D)inquired
140.What will happen to the children if their parents______some day? (2017)
A)break out
B)break away
C)break up
141.Under no ______should you leave this this city. (2017)
A)conditions
B)circumstances
C)situations
D)break off
D)environment
142. These results must be accurate,because all the calculations have been done by an______computer. (2017)
A)electric
B)electronic
143. The black coal there is a sharp _
A. contract with C. contract to
C)electrical white snow. (2018)
B. contract with D. contract to
144. When I am having a nap at noon. I hate
A.being disturbed C.being involved
D)electricity
by other people. (2018)
B.being interrupted D.being interrupted
145. He thought about problem over and over,and suddenly a good idea
to his

≦ 10 ≧
mind. (2018)
A.entered C.happened
146. The spy finally got(2018)
A.all the informations C.all the information
147. Lm Daiyu is so
A.impressive C.sensible
B.occurred D.hit
necessary for his government after a long stay here.
B.all of the informations D.all informations
that she even cries for the falling flowers in spring. (2018)
B.sensitive D.attractive
148. We can find many sports
A.installments C.machines
_on the playground ofthis primary school. (2018)
B.equipments D.Facilities
149. When we were in high school,we learnt the
A.basics
C.elements
150. John is the sort of friend who will stand
A.for C.in
151. Sushan is always a shy girl and feels
A.embarrassed C.braveness
152. We don’t believe the young man is(2018)
A.the time when C.the minute
of English grammar. (2018) B.elementary
D.foundation
you through every situation. (2018) B.by
D.behind
in the presence of strangers. (2018)
B.impatient D.tiresome
of finishing such a difficult task.
B.the moment when D.on the minute
153. In the end. we found the actual cost of this program was much higher
than the_
A.former plan
C.original
. (2018)
B.original observation
estimate
154. This plant was severely water. (2018)
A.relieving C.releasing
155. We can’t
A.go long with C.give in to
D.former observation
punished by government for
B.relaxing D.recycling
pollutant in to
his plan,for it’s exactly far beyond what we expected. (2018)
B.get on with D.get out of
156. Our new teacher is not experienced and can’t make himself clearly(2018)
A.being understood C.listened
B.understood
D.being followed
157. Whenever the man says something against his wife. She(2018)
A.tends to
B.comes to
in class.
lose her temper.

≦ 11 ≧
C.intends to
158. The boy
listed several
A.in support of C.to support of
examples
D.goes to
his viewpoints . (2018)
B.for support of D.with support of
159. Almost everyone of us could see her anxiety from the
A.appearance C.view
160. This boy is quiet intelligent
A.but rather C.but quite
161. When I was young
A.to criticizing
C.to being criticized
B.sight
on her face. (2018)
D.expression
lazy in his study. (2018)
B.and quite D.and rather
.I wasn’t used when I made some mistakes. (2018)
B.to be criticized D.to be criticizing
162. Actually we don’t know whether this news came from a reliable(2018)
A.source C.basis
B.origin
D.foundation
163. Although the man is good at painting,we don’t think he is(2018)
A.much C.much of
164. Nowadays more and more students seem have difficulties in studies. (2018)
A.reluctant C.responsible
165. The results of the experiment were not
A. so interesting C. too interesting
166. The young man
A. put…over 167. Had A. have lent
B. put…to I you asked me
B. lent
B.much more D.rather than
or not. an artist.
to help their classmates who
B.reliable D.careless
to publish.
B. enough interesting D. interesting enough
his training
C. put…on
yesterday, I
C. would lend
168.The managing director took the
not
really his fault. (2019)
A. guilt
B. charge
C. blame
169.His new appointment takes
A. Place
B. effect
170.Jim’s plans to go to college
A. fell out
B. gave away
C. post
(2019)
a good use in that job. (2019)
D. put…out
you the money. (2019)
D. could have lent
for the
D. accusation
accident, although it was
from the beginning of
D. office
next month. (2019)
at the last moment. (2019)
C. gave off
D. fell through

≦ 12 ≧
171.I left for the office earlier than usual this morning
A. in line with
B. in case of
172.The boy had a
(2019)
A. close
B. short
173.Dress warmly.
A. on the contrary
C. for the sake of
traffic jam. (2019) D. at the risk of
escape when he ran across the road in front of the bus.
C. narrow
D. fine
you’ll catch cold. (2019)
B. or rather
C. or else
D. in no way
174.The island where these rare birds nest has been declared
A. an observation conservation
175.You will never pain success
A.
when
B. a reservation
. (2019)
C. a preservation
you are fully devoted to your work. (2019)
B. because
C. after
176.Tom is interested in this poem now, but he thought it boring
(2019)
A.
in the first time
C. for the first time
177.Computers are tools carrying
A. many information C. more information
B. the first time D. at first
D. unless he read it.
for human beings. (2019)
B. many informations D. much information
178. With prices so much, it’s hard for the(2019)
A. fluctuating【答案精解】
1. 2. 3.
4.
B. waving
C. swinging
company to plan a budget.
D. vibrating
D. a
【答案精解】B 本题考查动词词义辨析。recover“恢复”；exist“存在”;discover“发现”;survive“幸 存，比……活有长久”。本句意思为：“不幸的消息传来，几乎没有人在地震中幸存。”
【答案精解】B 本题考查动词词义辨析。spend“花费”；save“节省”；share“分享”；spare“（为 某人或某目的）腾出（时间、钱等）”。本句意思为：“我让他给留出几分钟时间，这样我就 能和他说几句话。”
【答案精解】B 本题考查动词 put 短语辨析。put out“扑灭”；put away“放到一边”；put up“悬 挂”张贴、搭建、留宿在外；put on 后加上“上映”；put away“放到一边”后加上“收好”。本句 意思为：“把书放在一边，先做工作。你可以晚些时候再看书。”
【答案精解】C 本题考查动词短语辨析。Put off “推迟”；give up“放弃”；break down“失败；崩溃，解体”;call off“取消”。本句意思为：“直到那时我才意识到他们没有共同语言，婚姻己 经解体”。本题还要注意 put off, give up, call off 都是及物动词短语，只有 break down 是不 及物动词短语。

≦ 13 ≧
5. 6. 7.
8. 9.
【答案精解】B 本题考查名词词义辨析。source 意为“来源”；resource 意为“资源”，通常使用 复数形式；material 意为“材料”；power 意为“力量，电力”。本句意思为：许多公司正在寻求 开发西部地区丰富的自然资源。
【答案精解】C 本题考查形近词辨析。Connect “连接”；combine“组合”； compete“与 竞争”；compare^比较”。本句意思为：“一些本地公司正在努力与外国公司竞争以获取市场份额。”
【答案精解】D 本题考查动词词义辨析。kill time,意思为“消磨时间”。spend“花费”；waste“浪 費”；enjoy“享受”，均不符合题意，特别是本处表目的，看电视的目的不是故意浪费时间。 本句意思为：“许多学生在暑假里看电视只是为了消磨时光。
【答案精解】D 本题考查形近词辨析。raise “提升；养育”，arouse “唤醒”， arise“出现”，rise “上 升”。要注意四词及物和不及物的用法。本句意思为：“去年广告费率上升了 20%。根据题意，需要不及物动词，所以答案应选 D。【答案精解】B 本题考查短语辨析。nothing but 用于指物“仅仅”，none 用于修饰人“只有”，no other than 意为“正是”。本句意思为：他到达时，发现只有老人和病人在家。所以答案选 B。
10. 【答案精解】B 本题考查动词短语辨析。arrive at“到达”，give up “放弃”,submit
to“屈服于，提 交”,work out“制定出；解决”。本句意思为：这个学生正要放弃这道题时，突然找到了答案。因此答案选 B。
11. 【答案精解】A 本题考查形近词辨析。cooperate 意为“合作”，correspond 意
为“通迅”，compete 意为“竞争”，compare 意为“比较”。本句意思为：和一个方法与你完全不同的人合作是不可能的。故 A 为正确答案。
12. 【答案精解】D 本题考查副词辨析。equally 意为“平等地”，differently 意为“不
同地”，similarly 意为“相似地”，respectively 意为“分别地”。respectively 是专升本考试常见考点，也常和 respectful, respectable 进行辨析考查。本句意思为：一、二、三等奖分别授予杰克、汤姆和哈利。因此应选择 D。
13. 【答案精解】D 本题考查形容词辨析。excited“兴奋的”，stupid 意为“愚蠢的”，
disappointed 意为“失望的”，nervous 意为“紧张的”。本句意思为：他从没有当着这么多人讲过话，因此感 觉有点紧张。因此应选择 D。
14. 【答案精解】D 本题考查名词辨析。business“商务；事务”，account 意为“帐
目；理由”，way 意为“方法；方式”，scale 意为“规模”，常见于短语 on a large scale”大规模地”。本句意思为： 在实验室中取得成功并不总是意味着就能立刻获得大规模的成功。因此应选择 D。
15. 【答案精解】D 本题考查动词短语辨析。get on “登上”，lookup “查阅”，put up
“悬挂”，take on “承担；呈现”。本句意思为：史密斯先生说他不想承担任何更多的责任。因此应选择 D。
16. 【答案精解】C 本题考查动词 make 短语的辨析。make out 意为“辨认出”，
make into“把……别成”，make for 意为“朝
前进”，make up 意为“构成；弥
补”。本句意思为：休息时间到了，大家都朝吧台走去。因此应选择 C。
17. 【答案精解】B 本题考查单词词义及词性辨析。urgent 意为“紧急的”，
characteristic 意为“典型的”，be characteristic of 是特征，remarkable 意为“显著的”，feature 意为“特征”。根据句意，空格处应填“特征”，同时根据结构，此处应使用名词，因此应选择 B。本句意思为： 广泛使用计算机是信息时代的特征。

≦ 14 ≧
18. 【答案精解】C 本题考查动词 hold 短语的辨析。hold up“停顿”；hold out 意
为“坚持”，hold back 意为“控制抑制”，hold on to 意为“坚持”。本句意思为：如果你们二人中的任何一个能够控制一下火气，就能避免打起来了。所以答案为 C。
19. 【答案精解】A 本题考查动词词义辨析。arouse 意为“引起”，attract 意为“吸
引”，defend 意为 “防御”，adopt 意为“采纳；收养”。本句意思为：这个无家可归的孤儿的故事引起了众人的同 情。故应选择 A。
20. 【答案精解】A 本题考查名词近义词的辨析。label“标签”，mark“标记”，sign“迹
象”，tag“临时标签”。其中 tag 多指附加的、临时性的标签，一般悬挂在商品上，如 price tag“价格标签”。 本句意思为：这件衣服内有标签，标着生产日期和产地。根据句意，应选择 A。
21. 【答案精解】B 本题考查动词近义词的辨析。interfere”干涉”，bother “打扰”，
impress “给某 人留下印象”，offend “冒犯”。本句意思为：很抱歉，在这种场合问了您这么多问题，打扰您了，根据句意，应选择 B。
22. 【答案精解】D 本题考查形容词词义辨析。valid “有效的”，portable“便携式
的”，prominent“突出的，卓越的，显著的，杰出的”。rominent“突出的，卓越的，显著的，杰出的”，voluntary“志 愿的”。本句意思为：她退休后为红十字会做了大量的志愿工作。根据句意，应选择 D。
23. 【答案精解】B 本题考查常见动词 turn 短语辨析。turn in“上交”，turn out“事
实结果是”，turn up “突然出现；调高”，turn down“婉言谢绝；调低”。本句意思为：这位备受赞誉的法国钢琴 家最后结果却让人大失所望。根据句意，应选择 B。
24. 【答案精解】C 本题考查常见动词词义辨析。gain“赢得”，get“得到”，award“授
予”，own“拥 有”。由于题干中所填词需要使用被动语态，因此只能选择及物动词 awardo 本句意思为：马丁•路德•金因在民权运动中倡导非暴力政策而被授予诺贝尔和平奖。根据句意，应选择 C。
25. 【答案精解】D 本题考查形近词词义辨析。conform“符合”，complain“抱怨；
投诉”，confirm “确 认”，comment“评论”。comment 是不及物动词，常用于短语 comment on。本句意思为：这是 本书第一稿，请不吝赐教。因此选择 D。
26. 【答案精解】B 本题考查形容词词义辨析。affirmative“确定的；肯定的”，
negative“否定的； 消极的”，offensive“冒犯的”，subjective“主观的”。本句意思为：肯定的答复会让你感觉良好， 但否定的答复会让你学到许多。根据句意，应选择 B。
27. 【答案精解】C 本题考查常见动词短语辨析。setup“建立”，ringup“打电话”，
build up“增强”，call up“打电话；召集”。本句意思为：噪音越来越大，让她再也无法忍受。根据题意，本题 应该选择一个不需要宾语的动词短语，因此选择 C。
28. 【答案精解】B 本题考查形容词词义辨析。bold“鲁莽的；勇敢的”，fierce“凶
猛的；激烈的”， wild“狂野的”，harmful“有害的”。本句意思为：门后的大狗看起来非常凶，因此我不敢进门。根据句意，应选择 B。
29. 【答案精解】A 本题考查动词 leave 后的宾语补足语，leave sb/ sth 后一般使
用分词或形容词 或介词短语或分词作补足语。根据题意，此处应填 on“开着的”。本句意思为：简受到老板责 备，因为她昨天离开办公室没有关电脑。根据句意，应选择 A。

≦ 15 ≧
30. 【答案精解】D 本题考查形容词词义辨析及常见短语。carefully^仔细地”，
gravely“严重地”， critically”批评地”，seriously“严肃地”。Take seriously,意为“严肃地对待”。本句意思为： 不要和琳达开玩笑，她对一切都太当真。根据句意，应选择 D。
31. 【答案精解】C 本题考查短语辨析。by himself’独自地…….”，m person“亲自
地……….”，in private“私下里”。本句意思为：摩根先生虽然在公共场合特别快乐，但是独处时他却非常忧 伤。根据句意，应选择 C。
32. 【答案精解】A 本题考查名词词义辨析及停电的说法，应为 power failure,本
句意思为：她 在家里存了一些蜡烛，以备停电时使用。根据句意，应选择 A。 33. 【答案精解】D 本题考查形容词与介词的搭配。be keen on 意为“热衷于”，be
curious about sth. “对某事好奇”，enthusiastic“热情的”，一般也与 about 连用。 indifferent 意为“对…..漠不关心”，与介词 to 连用。本句意思为：有些人对于政治和其他地方发生的事情不关心。因 此本题应选择 D。
34. 【答案精解】B 本题考查常见动词 get 短语辨析。get across 解释清楚”，get over
“克服”，get away “逃离”，get off “出发”。本句意思为：我们完全相信我们能够克服目前的困难，按时完 成任务。根据句意，应选择 B。
35. C 词义辨析题。本题考查近义词的辨析。future 意为“进一步”，spare 意为“多
余的”extra 意为“额外的”，more 意为“更多的”。题意为;玛丽来了，我得在餐桌上多放一个盘子。故应选择 C.
36. C
词形辨析题。本题考察几个以-tion/-sion 结尾的名词，其中 observation 意
为“观察”；illustration 意为“说明”conclusion 意为“结论”常用于短语 come to/reach a conclusion“得出结论”;qualification 意为“资格”。题意为:在采访了多名工人后，她得出结论，认定他们的工作条件极差。
37. A. 词义辨析题。选项中 undoubtedly 意为“毫无疑问”;fortunately 意为“幸运
地”; nevetheless 意为“然而”;in spite 意为“尽管”。题意为:他很聪明又非常勤奋，毫无疑问，是班上最出色的学生。故应选择 A。
38. C. 词义辨析题。本题四个选项为同根词，refer 意为“指，参照”，一般与 to 连
用;infer 为及物动词，意为“推论”;differ 为不及物动词，意为“与….不同”，常与 om 连用;prefer 意为“更喜欢”，一般用于 prefer to do 或 prefer sth.1o(doing)sth.中。题意为:丝绸与尼龙看起来相似，但是它们的来源与成本不同。
39. B. 词义辨析题。本题中 compliment 意为“赞美，恭维”， appreciate 意为“欣
赏;感激”， alach 意为“贴上”，一般与 t 连用。题意为:我们想让您知道的是，我们非常感激您的及时帮助。
40. D. 词义辨析题。本题中 position 意为“位置;职位”，occupation 意为“职业”，
来源于动词 occupy“占据”，是最普通意义上的人做的工作，profession 指专业性强的职业，如律师、医生等;career 意为长久从事的职业或生涯。题意为: 布朗先生的一生非同寻常，他一开始做办公室职员，后来成为一名水手，最后当了一名教师。空格处强调生涯，故应选择 career。
41. B. 词义辨析题。本题考查几个同根形容词，其中 reasonable 意为“合理的”，
sensible 意为“明智的”，reasonable 与 sensible 意思接近。不过 reasonable 强调(事)合乎情理，sensible 强调(人)明白事理。sentimental 意为“多愁善感的”;sensitive 意为“敏感的”，一般与介词 to 连用。题意为:你很明智，早起去赶第一班公交车，这样就能避开交通阻塞了。

≦ 16 ≧
42. D. 短语辨析题。本题中 make out of 意为“得出;培养出”;make for 意为“走
向”，make at 意为“袭击”;make up for 意为“弥补”。题意为:她的美貌无法弥补她的愚蠢。故应选择 D。
43. A.词义辨析题。本题中 involve 意为“涉及”。题意为:社区服务涉及从园艺到
去养老院做义工等各个方面。
44. B.短语辨析题。本题中 look into 意为“调查”，look upon 意为“看待”;look out
意为“小心”。题意为:看起来好像有电力问题，我让人去看看。
45. A 词义辨析题。本题中 prosperous 意为“繁荣的”;improved 意为“改善
的”;swift 意为“迅速的”;interest 意为“有趣的”。题意为:战后，德国成了欧洲最繁荣的国家之一。
46. D.短语辨析题。本题中 turn up 意为“出席”;turn over 意为“翻转;移交”;turn
down 意为“婉言谢绝”;turn out 意为“结果是;生产出”。题意为:新计算机很快就会过时，因为更新的产品一直在推出。
47. . D 本题考查近义词辨析。这四个单词都有“回忆或记起来”的含义，但是前三
个选项是及物动词，不跟介词 of，而 reminded 与介词 of 连用，构成表达 remind sb of sth。
48. A 本题考查近形词辨析。live 在本句中的意思是“实况播送的”，为形容词，
可做定语。也有“活的”之意。如：live fish； 而 alive 表示“存活的”，只可做表语。如：The man is alive;living 指“有生命的”，既可做表语， 又可做定语； lively 表示“充满活力的，活泼可爱的”。
49. C 本题考查近义词辨析。这四个词都可以表达“区分或对比”但是有不同的用
法。distinguish “辨别，区别”，既可用于 distinguish one thing from another, 也可以用于 distinguish A and B ；separate“使分离，分开， 隔开”通常与:from 连用；Compare 比较，用于 compare*••with…结构中；Contrast 对比，对照，通常与 with 连用。
50. C 本题考查近义词（短语）辨析。A
besides 是包含在内的“除了”； B
except
是不包含在内的“除了”；C except for 是不同事物之间的“除了”；D. rather than“而不是”。本题前面是 The office，后面是 the light,所以是不同事物的比较， 答案为 C。
51. B 本题考查独立主格结构与单词辨析。前面 The old lady sat in an armchair 是
完整的句子，其后面部分做伴随状语。分析选项属于 独立主格结构，名词+ 非谓语动词的形式。因为 her cat 与 lie 之间为主动关系，因此使用现 在分词 lying”躺 11的现在分词，这是非谓语;而 laying 意思是摆放；下蛋的意思；lay 是“放置， 下蛋”的原形；lay 又是“躺，位于”的过去式；lied 是“撒谎”的过去式。
52. A）搭配题。短语 stand for 意为“代表”。题干意为：当然，PTO 表示“请翻页”。 53. 词汇题。rather 和 feirly 意思接近，都表示相当，但 fairly 的语气较轻。另外，
rather 可 看作前位限定词，可置于 a，too 等中位限定词之前，fairly 则不可以这样使用。如：This is by no means a Chinese tradition, but rather a completely new trend.这肯定不是中国传统，而是 一种全新的潮流。题干意为：这篇文章对于初学者太难而对于高阶学习者又太简单。
54. C）词汇题。本题考查介词用法。against 意为“对抗，对照”。如：struggle against
fate 同命运 抗争；lean against the tree 斜靠着树；dark colors against a fair skin

≦ 17 ≧
深色衬托出白皙的肌肤。 题干意为：让我们吃惊的是，杰克在最近的英语竞赛中得到了 400 分，而平均成绩只有 250 分。
55. B）搭配题。本题考查动词短语 mix with“与……融合”。题于意为：我们吸人
的空气中含有 氧气，与血液混合，我们因此才能生存。
56. A）短语题。talk over sth. with sb.为常见短语，意为“与某人反复讨论某事”。
题干意为： 迪克，有件重要的事情，我想和你好好谈谈。
57. C）短语题。just as we know 正如我们知道的一样，as 在此引导非限制性定语
从句。so long as 只要；as far 无此用法；so far as 就 而言。题干意为：就我们所知，自然界中己发现的元素有 107 种。
58. D）词汇题。在 find sth. done/doing/adj.形成的复合宾语结构中，非谓语动词
的使用主要取 决于非谓语动词与宾语的逻辑关系；本题中宾语为 progress, 故补足语应使 用 discouraging （令人沮丧的）和 unsatisfactory （令人不满意的），unsatisfied 和 dissatisfied 都是用来描述人的词，不能用于此处。题干意为：弗兰克工作三年了，希望能成为一名技术 人员，却发现进步不尽如人意，令人沮丧。
59. A）词汇题。job,work 及 employment 三个词都可以表示工作，但是只有 job
为可数名词，故本题选择 A）。请体会以下例句：1. I have done a day’s work in three hours, 我在三个小时 内完成了一天的工作。2.She was unable to find employment.她找不到工作。题干意为：约 翰梦想找到一份更好的工作，挣到更多的钱。
60. C）词汇题。car crash 意为“汽车相撞，车祸”，又如 plane crash 意为“飞机失
事”。其他选项 blow 意为“打击”；shock 意为“震惊，冲击”，如 cultural shock 文化冲击；hit 意为“成功而轰 动的事物”。题干意为：他在回家的路上死于一起车祸。
61. A）词汇题。scenery 意为“风景”，为不可数名词；scene 意为“场面，场景”，
为可数名词； view 意为“观点”，表示风景时强调“从上到下，从内向外”。参考例句：1. a scene in a movie 电影中的— 场面；2. There is a lovely view from this window.窗外风景秀丽。题干意为： 在开车穿越欧洲大陆的旅途中，我饱览了各国的风景。
62. B）词汇题。furthermore 意为“进一步，而且”；therefore 意为“因此”。题干意
为：她没有吃 早餐，因此到中午就饿了。
63. C）词汇题。本题考查词义辨析。periodically 意为“定期的”；readily 意为“愿
意地”；practically 意为“实际上”；roughly 意为“大约”。本题题干意为：这实际上是一个非营利性组织。根据 句意，应该使用 practically。
64. B）词汇题。本题考查词义辨析。connect 意为“连接”；involve 意为“涉及”；
contain 意为“包 括”；contact 意为“接触”。本题题干意为：发生在公路上的这

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起事故涉及好几台车辆。故应 该选择 B）。
65. D）词汇题。本题考查词义辨析。constructive 意为“建设性的，有益的”；
instructive 意为“指 导性的”；perceptive 意为“感知的”；effective 意为“有效果的”。题干意为：针对该地区面临 的问题，委员会提出了一系列的解决方案，并且取得了很好的效果。
66. D）词汇题。sincere 意为“真诚的”;strict 意为“严格的”;superior 意为“较好
的”;severe 意为 “严重的”。题干意为：让我们吃惊的是，贝克先生很快就从重病中康复了。
67. C）词汇题。短语 be economical of 意为“节省的”，其他选项中的 economic 意
为“经济（学） 的”；economize 意为“节省”；economist 意为“经济学家”。题干意为：这种新型汽车配备有 高效发动机，可以节省燃油。
68. A）词汇题。sign 意为“符号”；message 意为“消息”;signal 意为“信号”；symbol
意为“象征”。 本题题干意为：我们都知道箭头经常被用作指示方向的符号。故选择 A）。
69. B
A. bring back sth.拿回来；使…恢复；使…回忆起来；B. bring down sth.
使……..下降，（价格或温度 ；C. bring on 导致；引起；使…发展；D. bring up 提出，抚养，呕出； 该题空格后有 prices （价格 所以才选择 B.
70. A
A. have easy access to sth. / doing sth.很容易接触，或很利用和接近（固定
搭配 ；B. Approach n. 方式，方法；C. accent 方言，方音； D. response 回应，回复。
71. D
A. leave for 动身去….B. leave on 使….留在原处 C. leave off 停止 D.
leave out 遗 漏，省去，不考虑。该题空格后 any details （细节 不要遗漏任何细节。
72. B
A. call in 召集 B. call off 取消 C. call on 号召，拜访（某人 ，请求；D.
call up 打 电话，使某人想起，提出。该题意思是该晚会不得不取消。
73. C A.devote sb./oneself?time/energy/ all to doing sth.奉献…去做…（介词为 to ；
B.dedicate…to…捐献…去做…（介词为 to ; C. throw sb. / sth. Into doing sth.使某人投身于做某事上； D. contribute （… to…贡献…去做…）
74. A
A. disabled adj.残疾的；B. diverged adj.分歧的，离题的；C. naked adj.裸露
的； D. abolished 废除的；该题是 mentally disabled 精神残疾的。

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75. B
A. sprinkle vt.洒；微雨；散置；B. recede vi.后退；减弱；C. tiltvt.使倾斜；
使翘 起；使减少；D. diminish vt.使变小。该题意思是潮汐（tide 退去时，通向小岛的路才能 暴露出来。
76. C
A. reject vt.拒绝；B. belittle vt.轻视；贬低；使相形见小；C. minimize vt.
使最小 化；D. reclaim vi.开拓；回收再利用；改造某人，使某人悔改。该题意思是环保主义者们 会力所能及的做一切，使污染的影响最小化。
77. A. appreciate vt. 欣 赏 ， 感 激
appreciate doing sth B. approve of 赞 同
C.
introduce 介绍 D. recommend 推荐（recommend doing sth 句意：我总会推荐买质量好的车而不是便宜的。
78. A
A. arbitrary adj.任意的，武断的；B. obvious adj.明显的，显然的；C. evident
adj.明 显的，显然的；D. fortunate adj.幸运的。该题意思是我对于这些书一无所知，所以我的选 择是武断的。
79. C
A. description 描述 B. introduction 介绍 C. instruction 指点，指导，说明
书 D. comment 评论，评述。该题意思是我按照他的说明书，但是仍然无法解决如何使用这台缝纫机。
80. A
A. compelvt.强迫，迫使；强使发生；B. acquire vt.获得；取得；学至 II;
捕获；C. respond vi.回应；D. regard vt.注重，考虑；看待；尊敬；把…看作；与…有关(regard …as…)。 该题意思是强制性要求雇员，在为公司提供一年服务后，要加入公司养老金计划。
81. D
A. specify vt.指定；详细说明；列举；把…列入说明书；B. realize vt.意识
到，实现； C. justify vt.证明…是正当的；替…辩护；D. identify vt.确定；鉴定；识别，辨认出。 该题意思是她很快辨认出那个在深受欢迎的电影 Speed 中担任主演的男演员。
82 . A
A. signature n.签名，署名；B. awareness n.意识；C. stationery n.文具，信
纸；D. statement n.陈述；该题意思是为支持不允许汽车进入市中心，我们收集了数以百计的签名。
83. D
A. reflect vi.反射，映现；深思；B. respond vi 回应；C. resolve vt.决定；
溶解；使… 分解；决心要做把…看作；D. recall vt.回忆，回顾；该题意思是这个年轻人费力地回顾在 谋杀案发生时他在哪里。
84. C
A. contact vt. /vi.联系，接触；B. contrast vt.对比，对照；C. contract vt.感

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染； 订约；使缩短；D. compact vt.使简洁；使紧密结合；该题意思是令他们恐惧的是，他们 发现在这个地区的成年人口中的三分之二感染了艾滋病毒。
85. A
A. give up 放弃；B. get through 通过，完成，电话接通；C. get by 通过；
过得去； 过活；获得认可；D. give m 屈服，让步；该题意思是尽管面对很多困难，他却从来没有放 弃网络学习。
86. C
A. look on 把…看做…；B. be involved in 与…有关…，包括…中，被卷入…
中；涉及 至 5]…，忙于做…；C. be bathed in 沐浴在…，沉浸在…；D. be surrounded with 被…包围； 该题意思是随着国庆节的临近，上海沉浸在节日的氛围中。
87. A
A. go for 去找；被认为；主张；拥护；努力获取；C. go with 伴随；与…
相配；和交 朋友；D. go off 离开；进行；变质；睡去；该题意思是他是如此的善良和平易近人，以至 于这些孩子们彻底地拥护他。
88. D
A. ignore vt.忽略，忽视，故意不理睬；B. neglect vt.疏忽，忽视；C. charm
vt. 使陶醉；行魔法，吸引；D. embarrass vt.使…尴尬；该题意思是她似乎意识到处境的微妙， 她极其小心的不说任何让她同伴尴尬的话。Delicacy n.微妙，精密.
89. A
A. vulnerable adj.易受攻击的，易受把…看作的攻击；易受伤害的；有弱
点的；B. destructive adj.破坏性的; C. critical adj.批判的，临界的，至关重要的； D. sentimental adj.伤感的； 多愁善感的；感情用事的；寓有情感的；该题意思是与突出的富裕同时并存着如此的贫困， 这种明显的不公平，让他们想到了自己回到家乡脆弱的父母。
90. C
A. scarce adj.意为“稀少的”;B. sophisticated adj.意为“复杂的”;C. solitary
adj.意 为“独自的”；D. sincere adj.意为“真诚的”。该题意思是写一封信或读一本书也许似乎是复 杂精细的活动，在这些活动中，一个人可以锻炼他的个人技能。
91. D
A. mode n.模式；方式；风格；时尚；B. premise n.前提；上述各项；房屋
连地基； C. signature n.签名，署名；D. legacy n.遗产，遗赠，遗留；该题意思是他握住她的手，抚摸在她大拇指上的那块伤疤，这是在他们婚姻初期在一次事故中用厨房里的刀具遗留下来的。
92. A
A. flutter vi.飘动；鼓翼;烦扰；B. feature vt.特写；以把…看作为特色；由

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把…看 作主演；C. fuse vt.使融合；使熔化，使熔融；D. ferry vi.摆渡；来往行驶；该题意思 是随着每一只黑色的生物振动拍打着翅膀飞走，飞入灰色的天空，她眼含泪水注视着它。
93. A
A. stretch vi 伸展，张开；B. expand v.扩张；C. skip v.跳过，遗漏；D. slip
vi.滑 动；滑倒；犯错；失足；减退；该题意思是这一刻似乎在无止境地延伸，他的注视划过她的 脸庞，她的脖子，她的肩膀，最后回到她的眼睛。
94. C
A. take apart 拆开；B. set aside 留出；C. set apart 留出把…看作;使分离；
区别；D. fall apart 崩溃；土崩瓦解；破碎；(overtone 暗示，寓意；弦外之音； pathetic adj.可怜的，悲 哀的；感伤的；乏味的)该题意思是尽管这首诗包含了这种悲观的寓意以及可悲的接受命运， 但是在最后两行中找到了希望，这似乎与其余的分离开来。
95. B
A. respond vi.回应；B. restore vt.恢复；修复；归还；C. restrain vt.抑制，
控制； 约束；制止；D. retreat vi.撤退；退避；向后倾；该题意思是他的目的是恢复做黑人的自 豪感，去激励美国黒人为平等的权利去运动。
96. A
A. consist of 由把…看作组成；B. contrast with 与…相对比；C. contribute
in 捐献， 贡献；D. be composed of 由…组成；该题意思是据说一个阶级含糊的定义为由一群有相似 的职业和收入，以及结果产生相似的生活风格和信仰。
97. C
A. in contrast of 与…相对比；B. rather than 而不是；C. for the sake of 为
了…的利益； D. regardless of 不管…，无论…；该题意思是为了他们孩子的利益，这对夫妻很努力的去 挽回他们的问题婚姻。
98. A keep up with 意为“赶上”；put off 意为“推迟”；come up with 意为“提 出”，
如：come up with a good plan（拿出一个好方案）；go by 意为“经过、根据”，
如：Don’t go by that old map.（别参照那张旧地图。）【译文】她竭尽全力，想要追赶时尚的变化。
99. C 本题考查常用动词的区分：trouble 作动词时，意为“使烦恼”，mistake 作 动
词意为“错误认为”，常用于短语 mistake for（把…误当成）中；confuse 意为“混淆、使迷惑’’，interfere 意为“干涉、打扰”，常用于短语 interfere with（妨碍），
如：The noise interfered with his work（噪音干扰了他的工作。）【译文】如果你同时学习太多的东西，你就会迷惑。
100. A communicate 意为“交流”，常与 with 连用；tell 意为“告诉”，relate 意为 “叙
述”；如:relate a story（讲述一个故事）；connect 意为“连接”。【译文】通过电

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话，我们可以和世界上大多数地方的人们交流。
101. C 本题考查表示并列的连接词，as well as 可以连接两个并列成分（注：强调
前者），其他选项均不可以。D 项 as well，与答案项接近，容易混淆，其含义为“也”，相当于 also,例如:We should stick to the principles and be flexible as well. 我们要坚持原则，也要 有灵活性。【译文】这本书不仅让我们了解了作者的作品，也了解了他的生平。
102. C 本题考查形近词辨析:wake 是动词，意为“唤醒”，常用于短语 wake up（醒
来）或 wake sb.叩（唤醒）中;awake 是形容词，意为“清醒的”，常与 be 或 keep, stay 等词连 用；aware 是形容词，意为“意识到”，常用于 be aware of （意识到）结构中，如：He is not aware of the danger ahead.（他没有意识到前面有危睑。）【译文】我头痛欲裂，整晚未能人眠。
103. B 本题中四个选项为同根词，含义接近，难度较大，大家注意区分。 serve
意为“服务”，如:serve the people（为人民服务）;preserve 意为“保护”，强调使不受破 坏，如:preserve the rights of individual person（保护个人权利）?preserve an old castle（保护 古老的城堡）;conserve 意为“保存”，强调节约，如：conserve energy（节约能源）。reserve 意 为“保留、预定”，如：reserve a room（预定房间）。【译文】我想要预定一张 5 月 5 日音乐会的贵宾座。
104. A
disturb ®为“打扰”；interrupt 意为“打断”，如:interrupt a conversation 打断
谈话）;prevent 意为“阻止”，常用于短语 prevent…from 中;interfere 意 为干涉”，是不及物动词，常与 with 连用。本题有一定难度，需要用心体会各选项的用法。 【译文】这所大学里的学生们抱怨说，交通噪音过大，干扰了他们上课。
105. A identify 意为“识别、辨认出％ tell 意为“告诉、辨别（正误、善恶等）”，
如：tell right from wrong （识别正误）；claim 意为宣称、索要”，如：claim for damages（索要赔偿）。【译文】玛丽根据颜色，一下子就认出了自己的包。
106. A remind 意为“使回想起”，一般用于“remind sb. of”结构中；recollect 意为“回
想起”，如“ recollect his childhood （想起童年）；remember 意为“记住”，如： remember his name：（记住他的名字）;recall 意为“回想起”与 recollect 接近，但 recollect 更为正式，本题中，只有 remind 能用于 v. +sb. +of 结构中，故为正确答案。【译文】这张照片让我想起我在乡下度过童年的日子。
107. C collect 意为“收集”，强调有选择、有计划进行；gather 意为“聚集”，指把

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零散的人或物集中，如:The teacher gathered all the pupils in the auditorium.（老师把全体同学集合在礼.堂内; accumulate 意为“积累”’，如：accumulate a large wealth （积累大笔财富）;absorb 意为“吸收”，常用于“be absorbed in（全神贯注于）”结构中。【译文】这些年来，父亲逐渐收集了一批珍品邮票。
108. D adjust 意为“调整、适应”，如：adjust the lighting（调节光线）,adjust oneself
to the new environment（适应环境）；follow 意为“跟随、听从”，如:follow his advice（听从他的意见）；continue 意为“继续”，如：continue the discussion（继
续讨论）； stick 常与 to 连用，形成短语 stick to,意为“粘贴、坚持”。【译文】工作很艰难，但是他们坚持不放弃，最终完成了任务。
109.
A 本题中的四个选项都属于常见短语，大家用心记忆， call for 意为“需
要”，如:leaching calls for patience.（教学需要耐心）;allow for 意为“考虑到”，如：We should allow for unexpected difficulty.（我们应该考虑到些意外的困难） scare for“照顾、喜欢，如： We must care for each other and help each other.（我们必须要互相关心、宜相帮忙。）apply for 意为“申请”，如：I made up my mind to apply for a scholarship.（我决定申请奖学金）【译文】这篇文章呼吁更加重视外语教学中的文化干扰问题。
110.A
schedule 作名词意为“时刻表”，作动词意为“安排时间”；obligate 意为
“使有义务”，常用于被动语态，如：He felt obligated to help the girl.（他感觉有义务帮助这个女孩儿。）；request 意为“要求”，其宾语从句中常用虚拟语气，如：She requested the door be left open.（她要求开着门。）；load 意为“装载”，如：load a truck（装车）。 【译文】公交车尽管被安排在固定时间发出，却经常晚点。
111.A
matters 意为“是重要的”，如：It doesn’ t matter.（没什么）；happen 意为“发
生”，refer 与 to 连用，意为“参照”，如:refer to a dictionary （査字典）； apply to 意为“应用”，如:apply theory to practiced 理论应用于实践）s 考生初看本题，容易误以为考査 v +to 的短语，所以误选较多，另外，本题与 2004 年 19 题完全一样，大家也可以互相参照。【译文】对他来说，重要的是工作能否允许他继续学业。
112.A
favorable 意为“有利的”，如：favorable weather
condition（良好的天气
状况）;favorite 意为“最喜爱的”；favor 作动词时意为“支持”，如： Professor

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Zhao favored my suggestion,（赵教授支持我的建议）。另外，本题与 2006 年 16 题相同，大家可以参照一下。【译文】潇洒的外表在面试时会留下良好的印象。
113.A 动词 pretend（v.假装）常用于 pretend to do（假装做某事）结构中，故答
案为 A。
114.C 本题考查常见表达。抓住某人的胳膊，要使用 grab sb by the arm，其中 by
表示抓住的部位类似结构还有 pull sb by the leaves（拉某人的袖子），grab sb by the ear （揪某人的耳朵）。【译文】她抓住我的胳膊，把我拖出了出租车。
115.B 本题考查常见介词的用法。形容词 patient 意为“有耐心的”，其后使用 with
或 to，表示对某人有耐心；使用 to do sth 表示有耐心做某事。【译文】我知道麦克理解慢，但是我们应该对他有耐心。
116.C A. assure vt.保证，担保，使确信；B. vt.保护，招致；vi.获得安全；adj.安
全的，有把握的，稳当的；C. ensure vt.确保，使安全；D. issue n.问题，议题；期号，刊号，发 行物；vt.发布，发行，放出；rigid adj.严格的，严厉的，坚硬的。本题为词义辨析题，翻译为：我们一定要确保尽可能严格得控制实验。所以据题意 C 即为正确答案。
117.A
A. vacant 空缺的，未被占用的，空虚的，茫然的；B. bare adj.赤裸的，
无遮蔽的，vt. 露出（bald adj.光秃秃的）C. blank adj.空白的，空虚的；vt. 使…无效，封锁 D. empty adj.空的，无意义的，徙劳的。本题为词义辨析题，翻译为：我需要搬到一个更大的公寓。 你知道这附近社区里有空置的公寓吗？根据翻译确定 A 即为正确答案。
118. A
A. effort n.努力，付出；B. attempt n.企图，尝试；C. force n.武力，劳动
力；vt. force sb. to do sth; D. strength n.力气，劲；优点，长处。本题翻译为：如果你想做就去做，但依我看此事并不值得它所要求这些努力。
119. D 本题考查情态动词，can 能，可以，有时候可能会；may 也许；在 must—
定，必须，非得偏偏（强调主观因素）；have to do 不得不（强调客观条件限制）；本题翻译为因为没有燃气和电，这里的人们不得不使用煤油灯；所以 D 即为正确答案。
120. C
A. special adj.特殊的，专门的；B peculiar adj.独特的，奇怪的，罕见的；
C particular adj.尤其的，挑剔的；be particular about food/ clothes;
D unusual

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adj.不同寻常的。分析题干可得出固定搭配，be particular about……，所以 C 即为正确答案。
121. A
A remind sb. of sth 提醒某人某事，使某人想起某事；B remember 记得；
C memorize vt.记忆，记住；D recall vt.回忆起。分析题干看到 sb. of sth 所以 A 即为正确答案。
122.
C 分析选项，A money 金钱；B cost 开销，某样东西的所花费的钱数，
成本；C fee 会费， 手续费，停车费等；tuition fee 学费；D price 价格。故答案选 C
123..C
Living adj.健在的，活着的；alive adj.活着的，活泼的，有生气的；live adj.
现场的， 直播的，live wire 火线；lively adj.生动的，鲜明的；=vivid
124.D
A arrest vt.逮捕，逮住；B accuse sb. Of sth 指控某人犯罪 C sentence vt.
判处….D charge sb. With sth 指控某人犯罪。分析题干空后有 with,所以 D 即为正确答案。
125.B
A turn on 打开；B turn up 声音调大，出现露面；C turn out 结果是…，被
证明是……，D turn down 声音调小，拒绝。本题翻译为：她说她会在七点到这里，但是到八点她还没有出现。 所以 B 即为正确答案。
126.C
分析选项：wage 工资（日结等）；pay 支付;salary 薪水（月或年）fee 费
用；分析题 干中 per month,所以 C 即为正确答案。
127. D
move vi/vt.搬家，感动；B shift vt.移动，转换，替换，轮班；C transfer vt.
转移， 转学，调动工作；D remove vt.拿走，搬开；脱掉；移动，调动。本题翻译为：请从椅子上 拿走你的外套，我才能坐下。所以 D 即为正确答案。
128. D
A give off vt.发出，放出，排放；B give up 放弃 C give away vt.出卖，泄
漏，分发； D give in vi.屈服，让步 give in to sth 向…屈服。根据题意，所以 D 即为正确答案。
129. C
A be unconcerned with/ to 与…无关，be unconcerned about 对….不关
心；B be careless about 对…粗心的；C be indifferent to…对…漠不关心；D be bold to“*.敢于；根据题意他对别人 的态度漠不关心，所以 C 即为正确答案。
130. B
A deceive vt.欺骗；B cheat 欺骗，作弊；C trick 把戏，开玩笑；D joke
开玩笑。根据 题意他被抓住在考试中作弊。所以 B 即为正确答案。
131. C 本题考查的是 1 likely, alike, equivalent, similar 四个单词的用法。likely 表

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示可能 的；alike 表示同样的，这个词不能做定语修饰名词；similar 表示相似的；equivalent 表示相 等的，符合题意。本句意为：玛丽把她的美元兑换成等值的英镑。
132. D 本题考查的是 experience 的用法。experience 不可数表示经验，experiences
表示经历，experienced 表示有经验的，通过句意我们知道第一个横线应该填入的是经验，第二个横线需要填入的是有经验的，be experienced in 在……方面有经验的。本句意为：他没有足够的经验，而他的兄弟在修理汽车方面经验丰富。
133. D long ago 与 long before 都表示很久以前；later on 后来；before long 不久以
后，句意：妈妈告诉我她不久就会回来，也许几周之后。
134.C 本题考查的是四个近义词的辨析。gaze v.凝视，注视，指由于好奇、感叹、
长时间目不转晴地看；glare v.表示怒目而视；stare v.凝视，盯着，指由于好奇、惊讶、赞叹等原 因而瞪大眼晴长时间地、直接地注视，常常含有粗鲁无礼的意思；glimpse v.与 glance v.意 思相近，短促地看一眼，一瞥。根 据 句意，此题应该选择 C,表示一瞥。本句意：在那只鹿跑进树林之前，猎人只是瞥了它一眼。
135.A 本题考查了四个近义词的辨析。Release v.发布；show v.显示；announce v.
宣布； expose v.暴露。根据句意，最合适的是 release, release news 发布新闻。本句意：在被 要求做之前，不要把新闻发布给公众。
136.B 本题考查了 way 的四个短语的用法。on the way，表示在路上;in the way
表示妨碍，挡道；by the way，顺便问一下；off the way，远离正道。根据句意，选择 B 选项。本句意： 现在唯一阻碍进步的事情是缺钱。
137.A 本题考查的是四个近义词的辨析。chance 是机率，或指任何一种可以做某
事的 机会和可能性，chances are （that）从句，是固定句型，“可能性是…”，“…是可能的”，that 可 以省略；opportunity 是一种好的机会，可以达成某种目标的机会，背后暗示了期许和期望； question 指的是需要“解答的问题”； problem 值得是需要“解决的问题”。本句意为：如果我们 继续这样浪费地使用能源,我们的油井可能会在代替石油的新能源被发现之前就枯竭了。
138.B 此题考查的是省略句的用法。此句补充完整的话是 If we are given the
opportunity,
everyone of us will be a success。省略掉 If we are 部分。本句意

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为：如果有机会，我们每个人都会成功的。
139.B
此题考查的是四个近义词的辨析。discovery.看见或得知（原先没看见或
不知道的事物）； confirm v.确认，证实；ascertain v.弄清，查明；inquire v. 打听，询问；查究。根据句意，confirm 最符合。本句意为：当被新闻记者提问时，总理确认他将于下月访问法国。
140.C
本题考查的 break 短语的用法。break out“突然暴发”；break away“突然离
开”；breakup “分手”；break off’停止，断交”。根据句意，本题应该填入 breakup。本句意为：如果他们的父母有一天分手，孩子们会怎么样？
141.B
本题考查的是短语的固定搭配。under no circumstances,表示绝不，无论
如何。 放在句首时，后面的句子要部分倒装。本句意：在任何情况下你都不应该离开这个城市。
142.B 本题考查四个近义词的辨析。electric adj.为“电的，用电的，带电的”指任
何电动的或发电的装置，被修饰的物体本身可带电，如：electric light； electrical 为“电的，与电有 关的，电气科学的”，指与电有关的事物，被修饰的词本身并不能带电，如：electrical engineer； electronic 是电子的，和电子有关的，如，electronic book; electricity n.电力，电流。根据句 意，电子计算机，应该选择 electronic.本句意：这些结果必须是准确的，因为所有的计算 都是电子计算机完成的。
143. D 本题翻译为“那里黑色的煤炭与白雪形成鲜明的对比。“A”合同；收缩，
感染；“B” 内容；满足的；C“联络，沟通”；D “对比”。所以根据翻译得出本题选 D。
144. A
A 被打搅；B 被打断；C 被卷入；D 被干预；本题翻译“当我中午午休时，
我讨厌被他人打搅。”所以本题选 A。
145. B 考点词汇为 occur to= come to= hit = strike,使某人突然想起，由于空格后面
是 to，所以选 B。
146. C information 是不可数名词，所以没有“s”，因此选 C。
147. B A“印象深刻的”；B“敏感的”；C“合理的，明智的，理智的”； D“有吸引
力的，有魅力的”；可以看出 B/C 是考点词汇，根据翻译“林黛玉是如此敏感的以至于…”所以本题选 B。
148. D 本题为词义辨析，A 分期付款，安装；B 设备，装备；C 机器；D 设施，

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器械；sports facilities 运动器械，体育设施；因此本题选 D。
149. AA“基础，基本要素”;B“基本的，初级的，元素的”;C“基础，原理;D“基础，
地基，基金会，根据”；根据翻译：当我们高中时，我们学会了英语语法的基础。所以本题选 A。
150. B stand for 代表，象征着；stand by sb.支持某人，站在身边；stand by 袖手旁
观；所以根据翻译“约翰是那种总会站在你身边陪你度过每一个艰苦时刻的朋友。”所以本题选 B。
151.
A
A“感到尴尬的”；（本词修饰人）B“不耐心的”；C 本身是错 词；
D“烦人的，无聊的，令人讨厌的”（本词修饰物），本题主语是 Susan,（人）根据翻译“Susan 是一个害羞的女孩，在陌生人面前总感到尴尬的”，所以本题选 A。
152. C，这是状语从句的特殊连词，the moment (that), the minute (that), the instant
(that)等，所以这个一定选 C。
153. C，A 从前的计划，B 最初的观察；C 最初的估计；D 从前的观察；根据翻
译： “最后，我们发现这个项目的实际花费比最初的估计高很多。”所以选 C。 154. C，A 解除，减轻，缓解；B 放松；C 释放，发行，发布；D 回收再利用； 根
据翻译“政府严重惩罚了这家工厂，因为把污染物排放到水中。”所以选 C。 155. B，A go long with 这个结构本来就不对，但是有 go along with “赞同，陪…
一起 去”B get on with 相处，交往，在…中获得成功；C give in to 屈服让步； D 逃避避免；根据 翻译“因为这个计划远远超过我们的预期，所以我们不可能继续执行这个计划。”所以本题选 B。
156. B 分析选项和题干，make oneself done/ find oneself done,所以本题直接选 B。 157. A 分析选项，tend to do sth 往往好做 …，come to do sth 逐渐做…；intend to
do sth 打算做 某事；goes to do sth 去做某事；根据翻译“只要这位男士说出一些与他的妻子相反的话时， 她总是好发脾气。”所以本题选 A。
158. A 分析选项，根据词组知道 in support of 是正确的，意思是“支持”，所以本
题选 A。
159. D 分析选项，A 外表，外貌；B 视力视野；C 观点，景色；D 表情，表达，
短语；所以 根据翻译“几乎我们中的每个人都能从她脸上表情看出她的焦虑。”所以本题选 D。

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160. A 分析选项和题干，intelligent“聪明的”与 lazy“懒惰的”是相反的或转折的，
所以选 but， 并且 rather 修饰负面词汇较多，(但是 quite 也修饰负面词汇)所以本题选 A 或 C。
161. C 分析选项，be used to doing sth 习惯适应，且空格后没有做 criticize 的承受
者的名词， 所以为被动，所以选 to being criticized,选 C。
162. A 分析选项，A 来源，出处，发源地；B 血统出身，开端，起源；C 基础，
根据；D 基础，地基，基金会，根据；根据翻译“事实上，我们不知道这个新闻是否来自于一个可靠的 来源。”所以选 A。
163. C 分析选项，C much of 称得上，了不起的，许多的；根据翻译“尽管这位男
士擅长绘画， 但我们认为他称不上一名艺术家。”所以选 C。
164. A 分析选项，A 勉强的，不情愿的；B 可靠的；C 有责任心的；D 粗心的；
根据翻译“如今，越来越多的学生似乎不情愿帮助那些在学习上有困难的同学。”所以本题选 A。
165. enough 放于名词前而形容词和副词后，例如：enough efforts, hard enough,
quickly enough；所以 B 是错误的；so 如此；too……to do sth 太…而不能…；根据本题的句意：实验的结果并不够有趣，不能发表。因此本题选 D。
166. put…over…推迟，结束;put sth to a good use 好好利用 sth，充 分利用 sth; put
sth on…穿上，上映，增加；put sth out…出版，扑灭；根据本题句意：这位 年轻人在那份工作中充分利用他的训练。因此本题选 B。
167. 选项中如果出现 would/should/could/might have done sth,则说 明本题考查虚
拟语气。分析题干 had you asked-,这个结构动用的是虚拟语气的倒装，if you had asked me yesterday,…在题干主句的后面也没有出现 now，today, at present 这样的字眼， 因此本题主句和从句都是对过去的虚拟，主句中使用的是： would/should/could/might have done sth；因此本题选 D。
168. A. guilt 内疚，犯罪，过失;be guilt of…犯罪的;be guilt about…内疚的;B.
chargen.费用，电荷，掌管，控告;vt.索要，要价，指控；vi.充电; take the charge of sth 掌管某事；in charge of sth 负责某事，掌管某事；C. blame n.责任，过 失，责备；takethe blame fbr•••承担某事的过失；vt.责备，归咎于；blame sb. for sth 因某事 而谴责某人；blame sth on sb.把某事归咎于某人；be to blame for…应为某事负责；D. accusation n. 控告，指控，谴责 accuse vt. 控告；accuse sb.

≦ 30 ≧
of sth= charge sb. with sth= indict sb. for sth 指控某人犯了某事；根据空格后的介词是 for，因此本题选 C。
169.take place 发生，出现；take effect 生效，起作用；take post 就位；take office
就职；根据本题句意：他的新任命从下个月初开始生效。因此本题选 B。 170.fall out 发生，脱落，争吵，离队;give away 出卖，泄露， 放弃，分发；give
off 排放，发出，长出；fall through 落空，失败；根据本题句意：吉姆去 上大学的计划在最后一刻落空了。因此本题选 D。
171.Am line with 符合，与…一致；B means of 万一，以防； C for the sake of 为
了…的好处，为了…利益；D at the risk of 冒着…的危险;根据本题句意： 今天早上我比以往更早动身去上班以防交通拥堵。因此本题选 B。
172.have a narrow escape 逃过一劫，勉强逃脱，幸免；因此 本题选 C。
173.A on the contrary 正相反；B or rather 更准确地说，倒不如说； C or else 否则，
要不然；D in no way 绝不；根据本题句意：穿暖和点，否则你会感冒。因此本题选 C。
174.A 观察，监视，观察报告；B 预约，保留；C （食物）保 存，保留；D 保
持，（动植物，森林的）保护，保存。根据本题句意：宣布这座珍稀鸟类筑 巢的岛屿成为保护区。因此本题选 D。
175.这几个词中最重要的考点是 unless‘除非…否则•••’，根据 本题句意：除非你
全力以赴投入到工作中，否则你不会收获成功。因此本题选 D。
176.时间状语从句中有两组特殊连词，其中一组既是名词又是连词，the first time,
the moment, the minute, the instant, the second 等；另一组既是副词 又是连词， instantly, immediately 等，都翻译为“ 就…”；所以本题只要看到有这些词就是答案。因此本题选 B。
177.不可数名词后面不能加 s，前面不能与 a/an/many/few 等连用，所以排除 A/B,
如果选 more 则需要在本句中含有 than，没有在本句找到；因此本题选 D。 178.A 波动，涨落，动摇；B 挥动，波动，起伏；C 摇摆，摆 动；D 震动，摇摆；
根据本题句意：由于价格波动如此剧烈，因此公司很难制定预算计划。 因此本题选 A。

2025-01-19 08:27:49

≦ 1 ≧
语法的三大基础：十大词性：
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
名词代词数词动词
noun(n.)
pronoun(pron.) numeral(num.) verb(v.)
形容词 adjective(adj.)
副词冠词介词连词
adverb(adv.) article(art.)
preposition(prep.) conjunction(conj.)
10. 感叹词 interjection(interj.)
英语语法
表名称代替名词表数目表动作
作定语，译为“…的” 作状语，译为“…的” 三个冠词
表词与词的关系
连接词与词，句与句表感情
teacher, book we, he
two, second
be, know, work beautiful, good
slowly, beautifully a, an, the
in, on, from, against
and, or, but, if oh, ah
1. He has so many inventions that he is really______ Edison of ____Japan.（2009）
A．an；the
B．an；／
C．the；the
D．the；/
☆ 副词：用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词。说明时间、地点、程度、方式等。如：now, often, already, here, there, carefully, much, very…
☆ 介词和连词的区别：介词后跟“名词”，不能直接跟句子。连词后可以直接跟句子。
七大句子成分：
主 谓 宾 表 定 状 补 （同位语，插入语）
1

≦ 2 ≧
①主语：句首的“谁”或“什么”，动作发出者。
e.g.
I like you.
②谓语动词：主语的动作。
e.g.
I like you.
③宾语：动作承受者。
e.g.
I like you.
④表语：表主语的性质或状态，be 动词为标志。
e.g.
I am a student.
She is beautiful.
⑤定语：用来限定名词，adj.为标志。
e.g.
She is a beautiful girl.
⑥状语：用来修饰词或句子，有时间状语、地点状语、方式状语等。
e.g.
I eat bread in the morning.
I study English at school.
⑦补语：用来补充说明。分为主语补足语和宾语补足语。
e.g.
We elected（选举） him monitor（班长）.
1. —By the way, when did you get your living room_______? (2009)—Last Sunday．
A．to paint
B．painted
⑧同位语：解释名词的内容。
e.g.
C．painting
Tom, an English teacher, loves his job.
⑨插入语：附加解释。
e.g.
D．to be painted
As a result,（结果） To be frank(坦白地说), Fortunately,（幸运的是）
五大基本句型：
一、
主
+
谓
+
2
宾

≦ 3 ≧
↓
动作发出者
例：She
主 I 主 He 主
likes 谓 love 谓
↓
谓语动词
English. (名词) 宾
you. (代词) 宾
enjoys 谓
They 主
I 主
二、主
want 谓
know 谓
+
例：The
Jim 主 I 主
boy 主 runs 谓 play 谓
to
that
↓
动作承受者
reading. (动名词-ing) 宾
go.(不定式 to do) 宾
she
has 宾
a
boy
谓（不及物动词）
cried. 谓
in
the
park
地点状语
with 介词
him 宾
every
friend.(句子) morning.
时间状语
every
day.
时间状语
☆及物动词（vt.）与不及物动词（vi.）：
及物动词：直接跟宾语，如：I cook food…I eat food…I buy food…
不及物动词：不能直接跟宾语，如果跟，需加介词。如：I talk to him…I play with him…I laugh at him…
3

≦ 4 ≧
三、主
+
系
+
表
系动词：以 be 动词为首的一系列动词。
1.be(am, is, are/was, were) 强调用法 可单独使用，翻译为“是”。 ☆ 系动词 be 与助动词 be(am, is, are/was, were)的区别：
助动词 be 不可单独使用： 构成进行时：be + doing 表正在进行的动作
构成被动语态：be + done 表“被…”
例：He
主 He 主 He
is 系 is
is
a
handsome
表
swimming. 谓
told
about
boy.
the
accident.（被动句）
2.感官系动词，译为：“…起来”
look, sound, smell, taste, feel, appear(看起来) 考点：此时表语只能用 adj.充当。
例 1：Dinner
主
His 主
smells 系
voice
good. 表
sounds 系
strange. 表
例 2：—Do you like the material(布料，材料)？
—Yes, it ____very soft. (2012)
A. is feeling
B. felt
3.表状态变化类的系动词： a.“保持” stay (awake)
remain (silent)
C. feels
D. is felt
b.“变得” become (difficult)
turn (cold)
4

≦ 5 ≧
keep (warm)
例：He went mad last night.
四、主例：He
主
+ gave 谓
谓 me 间宾
+
间宾 ↓
+
间接宾语（人）
a
book. 直宾
主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾 →
直宾 ↓
grow (old) get (fat) go (mad) fall (asleep) come (true)
直接宾语（物）
主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 介词 + 间宾
I passed my mother the box. → I passed the box to my mother.
加 to 的动词有：bring（带来）, show（展示）, sell（卖）, send（寄）, take（拿）, throw（仍）, give（给）, tell（告诉）, offer（提供）, pass（传递）…
I bought John a birthday present. → I bought a birthday present for John.
加 for 的动词有：book（预订），buy（买）, find（为…找到）, order（订购）, cook（做饭）, choose（选择）, leave（留下）…
五、主例：We
+
谓
+
elected(选举)
宾 him
+
宾补 ↓
宾语补足语
monitor.（班长） ↓
He is monitor.
5

≦ 6 ≧
I He 主
will saw 谓
The
make the 宾
manager 主
you boy
asked 谓
caption.(船长)
playing 宾补 Amada 宾
by
the
地点状语
to
river.（现在分词 doing）
leave.（不定式 to do）宾补
注：句型四与句型五的区分：句型四，在间宾与直宾之间加系动词 be，语义不通顺。
句型五，在宾语与宾补之间加系动词 be，语义通顺。总结：两大基本句型：
主主
+ +
系谓
+ +
变谓 v. → 主变宾语 → 主加宾补 → 主
表宾
+ + +
谓
谓谓
+ +
间宾宾
+
+
直宾
宾补
注：在英语中，一个简单句有且只有一个谓语动词。
6

≦ 7 ≧
名词
名词：专有名词，如人名、地名、机构名等，首字母必须大写。例：John Smith, the United States, Yale University, Children’s Day, the Greens(格林一家人)
名词的数（可数名词与不可数名词）一、可数名词
单数可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。复数可数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。
注：1.单数可数名词不可单独使用，需在前面加 a, an, the, my, his, one 等。
2.a 用在辅音发音开头的名词前，如 a desk, a computer, a university, a tear an 用在元音发音开头的名词前，如 an orange, an office, an apple
单数变复数法则：
1. 一般直接加-s,如：books, caps(帽子)，trees…
2. 以-s, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es.如：glasses, boxes, watches, brushes…(以-th 结尾的名词直接加-s,如：months)
3. 以辅音字母加-y 结尾，把-y 变-ies.如：stories, countries… 以元音字母加-y 结尾，在-y 后直接加-s.如：boys, toys, days… 4. 以-o 结尾的名词变复数：
有生命，加-es.如：Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes… 无生命，加-s. 如：radios, zoos, photos, pianos…
有生命口诀：黑人和英雄吃西红柿和土豆 5. 以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词变复数，直接加-s.
但是以下名词需要变-f 或-fe 为-ves,如：self—selves, life—lives(性命), thieves, wives,
7

≦ 8 ≧
knives, loaf—loaves(一片), leaves, shelves, wolves, halves.
口诀：为了自己活命，小偷和妻子拿刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半。 6. 复合名词（合成名词）变复数，变中心名词，如：girl students, boy friends, passers-by(过路人), sons-in-law(女婿)
注：man/woman +n. 变复数，两个词都变复数，如：men doctors, women teachers. 7. 不 规 则 变 化 的 名 词 ： man—men, woman—women, child—children, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, mouse—mice, ox—oxen, goose—geese
口诀：男人和女人有小孩，小孩有牙齿和脚，小孩喜欢三种动物：老鼠、公牛、鹅。 8. 单 复 同 形 的 名 词 ： Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, sheep, deer, series, means, aircraft, works(工厂), species, fish, fruit…如：a sheep, two sheep.
注：American—Americans, German—Germans, Australian—Australians,
Frenchman—Frenchmen, Englishman—Englishmen. 9. 只有复数的名词：
a. people, police, cattle(牛群)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例：The police are coming.
b. 成双成对的名词，如：shoes, socks, stockings(长筒袜), trousers, gloves, glasses, chopsticks, scissors(剪刀), 这些词作主语，谓语动词用复数。
注：但与 pair(双), suit(套装), kind, sort(种类)等量词连用且作主语时，谓语动词的单复与量词保持一致。
例：Glasses are expensive.
This pair of glasses is expensive.
These pairs of glasses are expensive. 10. 集体名词：
public, government, committee, crowd, class, audience, team, family, group.
8

≦ 9 ≧
民众政府委员会，人群班级听众队，再加家庭和小队。作主语时：名词作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数。
名词指各个成员时，谓语动词用复数。
例：His family is a big one.
His family get on well with each other.
例：1. Mary _____like to surf the Internet. She often spends hours on line.（2015）
A. did
二、不可数名词
B. does
C. do
1.无单复数变化，词前不能用 a/an，但可用 the 修饰。 2.作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
D. is
3.常见的不可数名词：bread, weather, water, advice, information, furniture, fun, traffic,
equipment(设备), luggage=baggage(行李) 4.既可数，又不可数的名词：
paper work time
[C]报纸，论文
[U]纸[C]作品[U]工[C]次数[U]时间
名词所有格
有生命，用 ’s 无生命，用 of
room chicken glass
[C]房间[U]空间[C]小鸡[U]鸡肉[C]玻璃杯[U]玻璃
如：the boy’s bag, the children’s rooms 如：the window of the room
experience [C]经历
[U]经验
hair orange
[C](几根)头发[U]整头头发
[C]橙子[U]橙汁
注：1.以-s 结尾的复数名词加 ’ 如：the workers’ wage(工资), 不规则复数名词加’s
9

≦ 10 ≧
如：the children’s toys
2.分别所属和共同所属的表达：A and B’s
A’s and B’s
A 的(一个东西)和 B 的(一个东西)
A 和 B 的(一个东西)
3.双重所有格：名词 + of +名词’s 例：a friend of Tom’s (friends) 名词 + of + 名词性物主代词 例：some students of mine
注：表时间、国家、城市等名词后，可加’s 如：five minutes’ walk=five-minute walk 例：My daughter and I took a_____ tour around New York City. (2009)
A. two day
B. two day’s
C. two-days
D. two-day
名词所有格后跟地点名词时，往往省略地点。如：the doctor’s (office), the tailor’s(shop)(裁缝店)，the barber’s (shop)(理发店)
4.修饰可数名词数量的词组：a few/few, many, a (large) number of
修饰不可数名词数量的词组：a little/little, much, a (large) amount of, a great deal of 既修饰可数，又修饰不可数：some, a lot of=lots of, plenty of
5.名词作定语：the
room
n.定语(单数)
number n.被限定词
当名词作定语时，该名词用单数形式。例：tooth brush, shoe shop, book store
10

≦ 11 ≧
一、一般现在时
动词的时态
1.定义：表示习惯性、经常性、规律性的动作或状态。 2.构成：主语 + 系动词 be(am, is, are) + 其他
主语 + 实义动词 + 其他
实义动词的变化规则：
当主语为 I/其他人称时，谓语动词用原形。
当主语为单数第三人称时，谓语动词变化规则如下： ⑴一般动词，加-s. 如：works, loves, likes…
⑵以-s, -x, -sh, -ch, -o 结尾的动词加-es. 如：kisses, fixes, washes, watches, goes… ⑶以辅音字母加-y 结尾的动词，变-y 为-ies. 如：studies, worries, carries…
以元音字母加-y 结尾的动词，直接加-s. 如：plays, enjoys… 3.常用的时间状语：
often, usually, always, seldom(很少), sometimes, every day/week/month/year, once a day,
on Mondays/Sundays/weekends 4.否定/疑问形式：
⑴当谓语动词为系动词 be 时：
否定形式：在 be 后加 not
疑问形式：be 动词提到主语前
主 + be(am, is, are) + not + … Is/Are + 主 + …?
⑵当谓语动词为实义动词时，变否定/疑问借助助动词 do/does a. 当主语为 I/其他人称时，借助 do
否定形式：主 +
do not (don’t) + 动原 + …
11

≦ 12 ≧
疑问形式：Do + 主 + 动原 + …?
b. 当主语为单数第三人称时，借助 does
否定形式：主 +
does not (doesn’t) + 动原 + …
疑问形式：Does + 主 + 动原 + …? ☆ 考点：
⑴表示不受时间限制的客观真理、客观事实、自然规律以及名言警句，用一般现在时。例：The earth moves around the sun.
⑵对列车、航班、时刻表的表述时，用一般现在时。例：The train leaves at 8 o’clock.
例 1：It has been reported that more than one kid A. have been infected
C. have infected
例 2：Many a member of the armed forces（2019）
A. had
二、一般过去时
B.have
1. 定义：表示过去发生的动作或状态。 2. 构成：主语 + be(was, were) + 其他
with “Bird Flue”.(2018)
B. has been infected
D. has been infecting
given his life for our country.
C.has
主语 + V-ed + 其他（适用于所有人称）
规则动词过去式的变化规则：
⑴一般动词，加-ed. 如：worked, finished, helped, followed… ⑵以-e 结尾的加-d. 如：hoped, liked, agreed, believed…
D.had been
⑶以辅音字母加-y 结尾的动词，变-y 为-ied. 如：studied, worried… 以元音字母加-y 结尾的动词，直接加-ed. 如：played, enjoyed…
12

≦ 13 ≧
⑷以辅音+元音+辅音字母结尾的动词，双写最后的辅音字母，加-ed. 如：stopped,
admitted, begged… 3. 时间状语：
yesterday, the day before yesterday(前天), the other day(不久前的一天), just now(刚才), this morning(今天早上), 一段时间 + ago, 如：a week ago, in + 过去时间点, 如：in 1990
4.否定/疑问形式：
⑴当谓语动词为系动词 be 时：
否定形式：在 be 后加 not
疑问形式：be 动词提到主语前
主 + be(was, were) + not + … Was/Were + 主 + …?
⑵当谓语动词为实义动词时，变否定/疑问借助助动词 did
否定形式：在动词前加 did not 疑问形式：将 did 提到主语前
☆ 考点：used to do
be used to doing
主 +
did not (didn’t) + 动原 + …
Did + 主 + 动原 + …?
过去常常做某事习惯于做某事
例：⑴I used ____ on the left in England, but I soon got used____ on the right in China.（2015）
A. to driving… to drive C. to drive… to drive
B. to drive… to driving D. to driving… to driving
⑵You____ John in the street this morning. He’s been dead for ages. （2016）
A. mustn’t see C. couldn’t see
⑶I ____ until he told me to.（2016） A. left
B. mustn’t have seen D. couldn’t have seen
B. didn’t leave 13

≦ 14 ≧
C. hadn’t left
D. would leave
⑷ The Bunsen Burner is so named because it is thought ____by Robert Bunsen.(2017)
A.to be invented C.invented
三、一般将来时
1. 定义：表示将来发生的动作或状态。 2. 构成：主 + will/shall + 动原 + 其他
B.having been invented D.to have been invented
“心甘情愿做…”
注：will 用于所有人称；shall 只用于 I/We
主 + be(am, is, are) + going to + 动原 +其他
主 + be(am, is, are) + to do
“一定要做…”
注：be about to do=be on the point of doing 3. 时间状语：
“打算做…”
“马上要做…”
tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next day/week/month/year,
in + 将来时间点：in 2050
时间段：in a week 4.否定/疑问形式：
some day（将来有一天）
否定形式：在 will, shall 或 be 后加 not
主 + will/shall + not + 动原 + 其他
疑问形式：将 will, shall 或 be 提到主语前 ☆考点：
Will/Shall + 主 + 动原 +其他?
⑴ 由 if( 如 果 ), as long as, unless, in case( 万 一 ), when, as soon as( 一 … 就 …), not…until(直到…才)引导的时间或条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。（主将从现）
14

≦ 15 ≧
注：引导词后面的句子为从句；“逗号”不能直接连接两个句子。 ⑵固定句型：It will be + 时间段 + before + … “再过多久才…” ⑶There be 句型的将来时： There will be…
例：There will be a meeting in three days.
(be)
例：You_____ the difficulties after I explain the whole thing to you．（2009）
A．will be seen 四、过去将来时
B．will have seen
C．will see
1.定义：表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作。
2.构成：主 + would/should + 动原 + 其他主 + was/were going to do…
主 + was/were to do… 3.时间状语：
the next day/week/month/year, the following day 五、进行时
1. 定义：表示某一时刻或阶段内正在进行的动作或状态。
2. 构成：现在进行时：be(am, is, are) doing 过去进行时：be(was, were) doing
将来进行时：will be doing 3. 时间状语：
现进：now, at present, this week, these days 过进：at that time, at this time yesterday
将进：at this time tomorrow, at nine tomorrow
15
D．see

≦ 16 ≧
☆ 考点：
⑴现在进行时与频度副词：often, always, all the time 等连用时，表达说话人批评或赞
扬的情绪，译为：“总是”“老是”。例：She is always asking questions.
⑵Look! Listen! 多与现在进行时连用。例：Listen! The bird is singing.
⑶现在进行时与表状态变化的系动词 become, get, turn, grow, go 连用表示渐变的过程。例:The weather is becoming colder and colder.
⑷一些表“来”“去”的词常用现在进行时表将来，如：come, leave, arrive, go, begin, start.例： I’m leaving for Beijing next month.
⑸发生在过去同一段时间内的两个动作，长动作用进行时，短动作用一般态，由 when, as, while 引导。例：When I was studying last night, my mother came into my room without knocking the door.
⑹表示某一段时间都在进行的动作，可以是间断进行的动作。例：We are making model planes these days.
He was writing a novel last night, but I don’t know whether he has finished it. 例 1：At this time next week, we_____the matter with our friends.（2016）
A. are going to discuss
C. are discussing 六、现在完成时
B. will be discussing D. are to discuss
1.定义：⑴动作发生在过去并一直持续到现在。
⑵发生在过去的动作对现在产生了影响。
2.构成：主 + has/have +
V-ed
(单数第三人称用 has, 其他人称都用 have)
16

≦ 17 ≧
3.时间状语：
主动词
实义动词
already(已经), just(刚刚), yet(还) not…yet(还…没有), ever(曾经), never(从不), recently = lately(最近), so far = by now = up/till to now(直到现在,迄今为止),
in/during the last/past + 时间段 “在过去…中” 如：in the past two years(在过去两年里), during the last two weeks(在过去两个星期里),
since +过去时间点(since 1990, since then)
句子(一般过去时)
4.否定/疑问形式：
否定形式：主 + have/has + not + V-ed + … 疑问形式：Have/Has + 主 + V-ed + …? ☆考点：
⑴have/has been to have/has gone to
例：I
for +时间段(多与现在完成时连用)
“去过…”(现在人已经回来了)“去了…”(现在人不在这儿)
to the Great Wall three times.
A. has gone
B. have gone
C. has been
D. have been
⑵固定句型 1：It is the first/second/third time that + 句子(现在完成时) “这是第几次
做…”例： This is the first time that I have seen this.
(see)
⑶固定句型 2：This is + 最高级 + 名词 + that + 句子(现在完成时)
例：This is the best tea that I have drunk.
(drink)
⑷for + 时间段/ since…不能与短暂动词连用构成现在完成时。
例：His grandmother has died for two years.
(ⅹ)
His grandmother has been dead for two years.
17
(√)

≦ 18 ≧
短暂动词需要变为 be + 形容词/副词 表状态的延续，如：
die →be dead, leave →be away
begin/start →be on,
come/join(参加)/arrive(到达) →be in,
例 1：The reason why they changed their mind ____to us yet.(2017)
A.has not explained C.did not explain
B.has not been explained D.was not explained
例 2: The old man____since he came into the hospital. (2017)
A.has taken good care of C.has taken good care
七、现在完成进行时
B.has been taken good care of D.has been taken good care
1.定义：表示动作发生在过去一直持续到现在，并极有可能继续持续下去。
2.构成：主 + have/has been doing ☆ 与现在完成时的区别：
现在完成时：表示该动作有可能继续，也有可能不继续。现在完成进行时：表示该动作极有可能继续下去。
例 1： I have washed my clothes for two hours. (有可能继续洗，有可能不洗了)
I have been washing my clothes for two hours. (极有可能继续洗下去)
例 2：She_____ English since she was a child. (2003)
A. learning
B. had learned
C. is learning
D. has been learning
例 3： Even though they _______side by side for twenty years，the two neighbors are not on good terms．（2009）
A．have been lived C．had been living
B．had been lived D．have been living
18

≦ 19 ≧
例 4：The manager ______ a rise in salary for ages，but nothing has happened yet·（2009）
A．is promised 八、过去完成时
B．is promising
C．has been promising D．promised
1. 定义：在过去某个时间或动作之前已经结束的动作。过去完成时必须有过去的时间参考点，表“过去的过去”。
2. 构成：主 + had 3. 时间状语：
V-ed + 其他
by/until + 过去的时间点(到…为止)
by the end of + 过去时间点(到…结束的时候) before + 过去时间点
句子(一般过去时)
by the time…+ 句子(一般过去时) 4.否定/疑问形式：
否定形式：主 + had + not + V-ed + … 疑问形式：Had + 主 + V-ed + …?
例 1：⑴He said that he had been abroad for three years.
(be)
⑵She had learned some English before she came to the school. (learn) ⑶By then, he had learned English for three years. (learn)
例 2 ： ⑴ John and I ___friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ___each other a couple of times before that. (2008)
A. had been, have been C. had been, had seen
B. have been, have seen D. have been, had seen
⑵Until then, his family____ from him for six months. (2012)
19

≦ 20 ≧
A. didn’t hear
B. hasn’t been hearingC. hasn’t heard
例 3：She wanted to know what____ at the meeting.(2012)
A. has happened B. had happened
B. was happened
D. had been happened
D. hadn’t heard
例 4：When we arrived at the airport, the plane _______.（2015）
A. already took off
C. had already taken off
例 5：By eleven o’clock yesterday I
A.has arrived
B. arrived
B. took off already
D. has already taken off at the airport. (2019)
C.had arrived
D.will have arrived
例 6：A friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday, only to find it
A.be broken into C.was broken into
九、将来完成时
B.had broken into
D. had been broken into
定义：在将来的时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。
1. 构成：主 + will/shall have V-ed 2. 时间状语：
by/until + 将来的时间点(到…为止)
by the end of + 将来时间点(到…结束的时候) before + 将来时间点
句子(一般现在时)
by the time…+ 句子(一般现在时)
例：We _____building the bridge by the end of next month. (2013)
A. are finishing
B. would finish
C. have finished 20
.(2019)
D. will have finished

≦ 21 ≧
动词的被动语态
一、被动语态的构成： be(助动词) + done(过去分词) 二、3ⅹ3 时态变化表：
态
一般进行完成
现在 do
am, is, are doing have/has done
加 be done 变被动：
态
一般进行
完成
现在
am, is, are done am, is, are being done
have/has been done
三、主动句变被动句的规律：
宾语提前主语变，人称时态 be 关键。过去分词勿用错，主语变宾 by 后见。被动条件：
谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要，突出承受者很重要，
过去 did
was, were doing
had done 过去
was, were done was, were being done
had been done 21
将来
will/shall do will/shall be doing will/shall have done
将来
will/shall be done
———–
will/shall have been
done

≦ 22 ≧
被动语态错不了。
主动句：The boy broke the window yesterday.
被动句：The window was broken yesterday (by the boy).
注：被动句中 be 的单复要与新主语保持一致，但时态要与主动句的时态保持一致。 ☆ 考点
1. We were all _________when we heard the _____ news that the rescue team found another survivor．（2009）
A．excited；excited C．excited；exciting
B．exciting；exciting D．exciting；excited
2. The number of people invited____ fifty, but a number of them____ absent for different reasons．(2009)
A．were，was
B．was，was
C. was,
were
D. were, were
3. By the time your plane lands tonight，I ____ at the airport for 3 hours.（2009）
A．had waited
C．had been waiting
B．have been waited
D．will have been waiting
4. I need one more stamp before my collection_____. (2017)
A. has completed
C. did not completed
5.
B. completes D. is completed
with Lei Feng, we still have a long way to go. (2019)
A. Comparing
6. With a great weight A.to take of
B. Compared
C. To compare
D. Being compared
my mind, I turned into a by-stander. (2019)
B. taking off
1.不及物动词无被动，一些词组无被动：
C. taken off 22
D. being taken off

≦ 23 ≧
take place = happen(发生) break down(坏掉，抛锚) occur to(使想起)
break out(火灾，战争爆发)
come true(实现)
appear(出现)
belong to(属于)
例：He_____ by his sister at that moment. (2012)
A. happened to see
C. was happened to be seen
B. was happened to see
disappear(消失)
consist of(由…组成)
D. happened to be seen
例：Such an idea would never occur____ me.(2012)
A. to
B. with
2.个别及物动词无被动： fit(适合), wish, cost(花费)
例：This key just fits the lock.
C. from
D. on
3.系动词无被动语态，感官类系动词主动表被动。例： The silk feels sick.
4.情态动词本身无被动语态：构成：主 + 情动 + be + V-ed
例：New books can be downloaded from the Internet.
5.表示事物属性的动词：read, write, dry, wear, wash, open, shut…主动表被动，一般这类动词后有一个修饰词。
例 1：The coat dries easily.
The book sells well.
例 2：The pen writes well. (write)
The book was written by Shakespeare. (write)
例 3：The dish_____terrible! I don’t like it at all. （2016）
A. Tastes
B. tasted
6.sth need/want/require(需要)
C. will taste
doing，主动表被动。 to be done
23
D. is tasted

≦ 24 ≧
例：This shirt needs washing/to be washed.
(wash)
⑴You to town to see the movie yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.(2013)
A. needn’t go
B. should not go
C. had better not go
D. needn’t have gone
⑵The road was wet this morning.It______last night.（2017）
A. must be raining C. must have rained
7.在主动语态中，to do 表被动
B. must rain
D. must have been rained
make, let, hear, see, watch, observe, notice 其后跟省略 to 的动词不定式（即动词原形），
在变被动语态时，必须还原动词不定式的 to. 例：We heard him sing this song in that room.
He was heard to sing this song in that room. The boss made him work 14 hours a day.
He was made to work 14 hours a day. 8.带双宾语的动词
give, send, teach, lend, show, pass, tell 等，在变被动语态时，可以有两种情况：直宾变
成主语，间宾前加 to；间宾变主语，不加 to. 例：My friend gave me a pen yesterday.
A pen was given to me (by my friend) yesterday. I was given a pen (by my friend) yesterday.
24

≦ 25 ≧
非谓语动词
非谓语动词:不能作谓语的动词形式，可以作除谓语动词外的任何成分，即主谓宾表定状补。
三种基本形式：doing, done, to do Doing:
一、作主语
1.doing 作主语,位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。doing 表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 Climbing mountains is a good way to keep fit.(保持健康)
主
Walking dog
主
is
系
his hobby. 系
2.当 doing 作主语太长时，用 it 作形式主语代替 doing 放在句首，doing 放在句尾。
（避
免头重脚轻）
Crying over the spilt milk is no use.
主
It is no use crying over the spilt milk.
形式主语固定句型：
真正主语
1. It is no use / no good / useless / senseless doing… 2. It is worth doing sth…
3. It is a waste of time doing…
4. It is fun / enjoyable / pleasant /a good pleasure doing…
25

≦ 26 ≧
例：1、It’s no use _____ with him since he has made up his mind. (2010)
A. to argue
B. arguing
C. to be argued
D. argued
2、In my mind,______that famous university will be the only way to become a world-class writer.（2017）
A. attending 二、作宾语 1.动词 + doing
B. attended
C. attend
consider(考虑), suggest(建议), look forward to(盼), excuse(原谅),
admit(承认), delay/put off(推迟),得,fancy(想象)， avoid(避免), miss(错过), keep(继续), practice(练), deny(否认), finish(完成),就, enjoy/appreciate(欣赏), forbid(禁止), imagine(想象),才, risk(冒险),
stand(忍受), mind(介意), allow/permit(准), escape(逃亡). 固定搭配：
1. advise / forbid / allow, permit +
建议
禁止
两允许
2. need/want/require +
需要
doing
to be done
doing sth sb to do sth
D. having attended
例：⑴He enjoys _____ pop music while I prefer classical music. (2010)
A. to listen to
B. to listen
⑵The garden requires_____ . (2009)
A. watering
B. being watered
C. listening C. to water
⑶I appreciate____ to your birthday party. (2003)
26
D. listening to
D. having watered

≦ 27 ≧
A. to be invited
B. to have invited
C. having invited
⑷I don’t mind____ out for a walk in such a bad weather. (2006)
A. go
B. to go
⑸I don’t mind ____ in the office.
A. to smoke
B. smoked
C. going
C. his smoking
D. being invited
D. gone D. smokes
(6) If you stick to _____ the piano everyday, you will become quite a good musician.(2011)
A. Practice
B. practicing
(7) 1 appreciate____ to your home.(2012)
A. to have invited
B. to be invited
C. have practiced C. having invited
(8) Our aim is to make the electricity ____ the people better.(2013)
A. serve
B. served
C. to serve
注：1.doing 的被动形式：being done (第 3 题只有被动的含义)
2.doing 的复合结构：
在 doing 前面加
形容词性物主代词：名词所有格：
代词的宾格形式(口语)：(doing 动作的发出者)
his smoking Tom’s smoking him smoking
D. be practicing D. being invited D. serve for
如果 his smoking 与 him smoking 同时出现，选择更加正式的 his smoking.
3.doing 的否定形式：紧挨着 doing 前加 not : not doing 例 1：I’m sorry for not being there.
例 2： ⑴No one can avoid____ by advertisements. (2008)
A. Influenced
B. influencing
C. to influence 27
D. being influenced

≦ 28 ≧
⑵What is the reason for ____ on time?
A. not your coming C. your not coming
(2012)
B. you not come D. you not to come
2.作介词宾语（所有的介词后跟动词的-ing 形式）介词：at, for, against, on, by, to, (in)…
⑴to 为介词的短语：（～
to doing）
be/get used to = be accustomed to 习惯于 pay attention to 关注
devote oneself to 投身于
look forward to 盼望 stick to 坚持
the key to …的关键 ☆prefer 的用法：
prefer +
doing to do
(长期的动作)(一次性的动作)
get down to 开始做… contribute to 有助于 be addicted to 沉溺于
object to 反对 lead to 导致 confess to 坦白
prefer to do A rather than do B = prefer doing A to doing B
例：I prefer walking______.
A. to drive
(2007)
B. to driving
⑵省略介词 in 的短语：
sb spend 时间 (in) doing sth
sb be busy (in) doing sth
C. than drive
花（时间）做…
忙于
宁愿做 A 而不愿做 B
D. than driving
sb have trouble/difficulty/a problem/a hard time (in) doing sth 做…有困难 There is no point (in) doing… 做…是没有用的。
28

≦ 29 ≧
sb lose no time (in) doing sth
不失时机做…
succeed in doing 成功做…(in 不可省略)
例：⑴As a lawyer he spent a lot of time_____ investigations.
A. conducted
B. to conduct
C. conduct
(2006)
D. conducting
⑵There is no____ arguing about it, just do as you are told. (2005)
A. reason
B. way
3.既跟 doing 又跟 to do 的词：
⑴用法相同： start/begin ⑵用法不同：
a. love/like/hate +
b. forget remember
regret c. stop go on
d.
try
doing/to do
doing (长期的动作) to do (一次性的动作)
C. point
doing 忘记已经做过某事(失忆)
to do 忘记去做某事(健忘) doing 记得曾经做过某事
to do 记住要做某事 doing 后悔做过某事 to do 遗憾要去做某事 doing 停止正在做的事 to do 停下来做另一件事 doing 继续做同一件事 to do 接着做另一件事 doing 尝试着做某事 to do 努力做某事
29
D. meaning

≦ 30 ≧
mean
can’t help e. feel like would like 三、作表语
doing 意味着做某事 to do 打算做某事
doing 情不自禁做某事(to) do 不能帮助做某事
doing 想做某事 to do 想做某事
doing 作表语，对主语进行解释说明或表示主语的特征。
例：My aunt’s job is laying eggs.
The music sounds exciting. 四、作定语
(主语等于表语)
(doing 表主语的特征，译为“令人…的”)
1.doing 作定语，放在名词前，表示该名词的用途，或 doing 的动作由该名词发出。
dining room (餐厅)
reading room (阅览室)
boiling water (正沸腾的水) 展中国家)
walking stick (手杖)
sleeping baby (正在睡觉的婴儿)
developing country (发
2.doing 作定语，放在名词前，表示该名词的一种客观状态，译为：“令人…的” exciting, boring, tiring, puzzling, confusing, moving…
例：an exciting voice
一个令人兴奋的声音
a puzzling expression 一个令人困惑的表情囧
a moving movie
一部令人感动的电影
doing 作表语→ The movie is moving.
3.doing 短语作定语，放在名词后，表示该名词与 doing 构成主动进行的关系。
30

≦ 31 ≧
⑴The girl is my ex.
The girl wears a pink hat.
⑵They live in a mansion.(豪宅) The mansion faces north.
⑶The man is Baldhead Strong. The man is being beaten.
↘ ↗ ↘ ↗ ↘ ↗
The girl wearing a pink hat is my ex. They live in a mansion facing north.
The man being beaten is Baldhead Strong.
注：being done 作定语时：表示“正在被…” 1. Mary has just bought herself _____dress.(2012)
A. a cotton expensive blue C. a blue expensive cotton
五、作状语
B. an expensive blue cotton D. a cotton blue expensive
1.doing 作状语，句子中有“，”表示主句主语与非谓语动词构成主动进行的关系。考题形式：⑴ 非 ⅹⅹ，SVO.
SVO, 非 ⅹⅹ. S, 非 ⅹⅹ,VO.
主语 S 与非谓 doing 构成主动进行的关系。
⑵ (With)+名词 非，SVO. 名词与非谓 doing 构成主动进行的关系。
注：形式⑵又被称为独立主格结构。
例 1：Weather permitting(允许), we will visit you tomorrow. 例 2： ⑴_____ in Beijing, he was met by his good friend.
A. He arrived
B. Arriving
C. Being arrived
⑵He lived in Beijing, ____ as a writer.
A. worked
B. being worked
C. working
⑶My uncle, ____ in Beijing, is a doctor.
31
D. Arrived D. work

≦ 32 ≧
A. he lives
B. living
C. being lived
⑷The day ____ hot, we decided to go swimming.
A. was
B. being
C. been
D. lived D. be
例 3：All the things ________, his proposal is of greater value than yours．（2009）
A．considered
B．considering
2.doing 与 having done 的区别：
C．to consider
D．consider
两者都表示主动，但是 having done 强调非谓语动作明显先于主句谓语动词动作发生。例：⑴____dinner, he went to the restroom.
A. Had
B. Having
C. Having had
⑵____his father, the baby began to cry at once(马上).
A. Seen
B. Seeing
C. Having seen
⑶____several times, the dog died at last.
A. Deserting
C. Having deserted
⑷ Don’t stand there
A. to do
B. doing
B. To desert
D. To have D. Saw
D. Having been deserted nothing. (2019)
C.do
D.for doing
注：doing 的被动形式为 being done, 作状语时表示：“正在被…” doing 的完成形式：having done(主动)
doing 的被动完成形式：having been done 六、作补足语（见非谓语总结）
Done：过去分词（done 不作主语，宾语）一、作表语
32

≦ 33 ≧
done 作表语，主语通常是人，done 表达一种主观感受，译为：“感到…的”，此时 done 相当于 adj.
excited, bored, tired, confused, annoyed…
例：The movie is boring, so I feel bored. (bore)
I am tired of the tiring work. (tire) 二、作定语
1.单个过去分词作定语时，位于名词前，表示已经完成的动作或状态。
boiled water 开好的水
boiling water 正沸腾的水 developed country 发达国家
developing country 发展中国家
fallen leaves 已经落下的叶子 falling leaves 正在落下的叶子
2.done 的短语作定语时，位于名词后，表示该名词与非谓语动词之间构成被动完成的关系。
考题形式：名词 非 ⅹⅹVO.
或
例 1：I have a radio made in China.
SVO 非 ⅹⅹ.
例 2： ⑴The first textbook____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (2013)
A. having written
B. to be written
C. being written
D. written
⑵I’ve never seen the young man____ next to the director. (2006)
A. sits
B. sat
C. sitting
D. to sit
⑶David sent his girlfriend a ring____ by his grandmother for all her life.
A. have kept
B. kept
C. has kept 33
(2013)
D. has been kept

≦ 34 ≧
三、作状语
1.done 作状语，句子中有“，”表示主句主语与非谓语动词构成被动完成的关系。考题形式：⑴ 非 ⅹⅹ，SVO.
SVO, 非 ⅹⅹ. S, 非 ⅹⅹ,VO.
主语 S 与非谓 doing 构成被动完成的关系。
⑵(With)+名词 非，SVO. 名词与非谓 doing 构成被动完成的关系。
例：⑴_____ the park, we found it beautiful.
A. See
B. Seeing
C. Seen
⑵The teacher came into the lab, ____ by some students.
A. following
B. followed
C. follow
⑶The park, ____ from the building, is very beautiful.
A. See
B. Seeing
C. Seen
⑷With the hard work ____, he went to bed.
A. finishing
B. having finished
2.done 与 having been done 的区别：
C. finished
D. Saw
D. having followed D. Saw
D. finishes
两者都表示被动，但是 having been done 强调非谓语动作明显先于主句谓语动词动作发生。
例：⑴A new technique____ , the output as a whole increased by 20 percent. (2012)
A. working out
C. to have been worked out
B. having worked out
D. having been worked out
⑵All the officials____ , the meeting was declared(宣布) open.
A. arrived
B. arriving
C. being arrived
⑶____ many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
34
D. having arrived

≦ 35 ≧
A. Told
⑷If A. to accept
☆一个知识点：
B. Being told
C. Having been told D. Having told
for the job, you will be informed soon.(2019)
B. accept
C. accepted
compare A with B 变被动→ A is compared with B
所以 A 与 compare 为被动关系。 Compared with B, A…
同理的还有：Covered with B, A… 四、作补足语（见非谓语的总结）
To do: 不定式一、作主语
D. accepting
1. to do 作主语，位于句首，谓语动词用单数，表示一次性具体的动作。例： To finish so much work in a short time is impossible.
2.当 to do 作主语太长时，用 it 作形式主语代替 to do 放句首，真正的主语 to do 放句尾。（避免头重脚轻）
例： It is impossible to finish so much work in a short time.[固定句型]
1. It takes sb + 时间 + to do sth.
“花费某人多长时间做某事”
例：It took him ten years to learn English.
2. It is + adj. + for sb to do sth.
“对于某人来说，做…是…的”
此类 adj.有：important, possible, difficult(hard), necessary, interesting, easy… 其中 adj.是形容 to do sth.的。
35

≦ 36 ≧
例：It is easy for me to learn English.
3. It is + adj. + of sb to do sth.
“某人做某事是…的”
此类 adj.有：wise, polite, kind, clever, honest… 其中 adj.是形容 sb 的。
例：It is wise of him to leave that company,
It is very kind of you to teach me how to play Plants VS Zombies.
例：No one _____ the building without the permission of the police.(2011)
A. is leaving
B. will be leaving
C. have left
D. is to leave
1. The commercial centre ______will be the most magnificent one in the city.(2012)
A. built
二、作宾语 1.动词 + to do
B. to be built
C. be building
D. having been built
decide/determine(决心), learn(学会), want(想), expect/hope/wish(希望), refuse(拒绝), manage(设法), demand(要), pretend(假装),
promise(答应), offer(提供), choose(选), plan(计划), agree(同意), ask/beg(请求), help(帮一帮).
注：help (to) do
help sb (to) do
wish to do wish sb to do
hope to do hope sb to do
例：⑴My little son would like____ to his grandma today.
A. to take
⑵I couldn’t understand why he pretended_____ in the garden.
A. not to see me
B. not see me
C. to see me not
B. taking
C. to be taken
D. taken
(2006)
D. to see not me
⑶When his mother came into the room, the boy pretended____ books.
36

≦ 37 ≧
A. to read
B. reading
注：⑴ to do 的否定形式：not to do
C. being read
D. to be reading
⑵to do 的进行式：to be doing,表示谓语动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行。 2. it 作形式宾语，把真正的宾语 to do 放在句尾。
（在英语中，有且只有 it 可以充当形式宾语/形式主语）结构：主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
主 + 谓 +
it + 宾补 + to do
例: I consider to obey the laws important. I consider it important to obey the laws.
注：此类常见的动词有：believe, consider, find, regard… 3.作介词宾语
“do but do”原则
当介词 but, except, besides 前有实义动词 do(译为“做”)，后无 to；前无 do, 后有 to.
以 but 为例：有 do + but do
无 do + but to do
例：⑴The departure time of the plane has been postponed, so we have nothing to do now but_____ . (2006)
A. wait
B. to be waiting
C. to wait
D. waiting
⑵That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but ____ the police. (2010)
A. called in
B. calling in
C. call in
⑶We could do nothing but___till he came back.(2012)
A. waiting
B. wait
C. to wait
⑷All I can do now is nothing____ (2017)
A.but waiting
B.but wait
C.except waiting 37
D. to call in D. waited
D.only to wait

≦ 38 ≧
4.固定句型：
⑴had better (not) do sth. ⑵Why not + do(动原) ⑶sb happen to do
⑷would rather (not) do
最好（不）干… 为什么不…？某人碰巧… 宁愿做…
⑸would rather do A than do B = would do A rather than do B
⑹平行结构 rather than : to do rather than (to) do 例：I decided to write rather than make a phone call.
5. 疑问词 + to do 也可作宾语疑问代词：what, which, whom
疑问副词：how, where, when, why 例：I don’t know what to do.
注：疑问代词中 to do 的 do 为 vt./vi. + 介词例：I don’t know whom ____ .
A. work
B. to work
I don’t know what to do.
疑问副词中 to do 的 do 为 vi.
C. working
D. to work with
what 与 to do 为动宾关系，即：to do what
I don’t know whom to work with. whom 与 to work with 为动宾关系，即：to work with whom
三、作表语
to do 作表语，表示一次性具体的动作。 doing 作表语，表示经常性抽象的动作。
His job is to paint the walls. 他这次的工作是刷这些墙。
His job is painting walls.
他平时的工作是刷墙。
38

≦ 39 ≧
四、作定语
1.to do 与 to do 前所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。例：⑴I have a lot of work to do.
a lot of work 与 to do 为动宾关系，即：to do a lot of work ⑵The Browns have a house to live in.
a house 与 to live in 为动宾关系，即：to live in a house ⑶She has a sister to look after.
a sister 与 to look after 为动宾关系，即：to look after a sister ⑷There is something to pay attention to.
something 与 to pay attention to 为动宾关系，即：to pay attention to something
2. to do 表将来，与所修饰名词构成将来被动的关系。形式为：to be done 例：⑴The meeting ____ tomorrow is very important.
A. to hold
B. held
C. holding
D. to be held
⑵If the building project____ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined. (2007)
A. being completed
B. is completed
C. to be completed
D. completed
3. 由 the first/second…the last, the best, the only, the next 修饰的名词，后跟不定式作定语。
例：He was the first one to come and the last one to leave.
He is the best man to do the job.
4 . —-Does Jane still pursue her dream of becoming a movie star?(2009)
—I’m afraid not．She is said______ the stage already as she got married．
A．to have left
B．to leave
C．to have been left D．to be left 39

≦ 40 ≧
5. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ________ in making the earth a better place to live on.
A. to have played 五、作状语
B. to play
C. to be played
1.to do 不定式作状语，有将来意味，表目的或结果。例：⑴____ a seat, he got up early.
A. Grabbing
B. To grab
C. To be grabbed
⑵____ her noodles, I made full preparations.
A. Cooking
B. To cook
C. Cooked
D. to be playing D. Having grabbed D. Having cooked
⑶He hurried to the hospital, only _____ his father had just died. (2010)
A. to tell
B. to be told
注：only to do 表示出乎意料的结果。
类似的有：only to find/notice 2.固定搭配
C. telling
only to be told/informed
⑴主 + 谓 + too + adj./adv.(原形) + to do… 例：I’m too tired to stay up longer.
⑵主 + 谓 + adj./adv.(原级) + enough to do
例 1：He is old enough to go to school. 例 2：He is _____ join the army. (2010)
A. too young to
B. enough young to
⑶in order to do = so as to do
(句中，句首)
(句中)
D. told
“太…而不能…”“足够…可以…”
C. very young to
例：Bob took down my telephone number in order not to forget it.
40
D. young enough to

≦ 41 ≧
六、作补足语（见非谓语的总结）
41

≦ 42 ≧
一、作主语（done 不作主语）能作主语的非谓语有三种：
非谓语的总结
To do,
Doing,
表一次性的动作 表经常性的动作
且主等于表
例 1：Being caught in a heavy traffic is a bad thing.
Being done 只表示被动
例 2：_____to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. (2013)
A. Exposed
B. Having exposed
It 作形式主语的变形及其固定句型
二、作宾语（done 不作宾语） 1. doing 的讨论：
C. Being exposed
⑴哪些词后面加 doing?（固搭、his smoking 的复合结构） ⑵哪些介词短语后加 doing?（即 doing 作介词宾语的情况）
讨论 to 和 in 的短语 2.to do 的讨论：
⑴哪些词后面加 to do? ⑵it 作形式宾语
⑶作介词宾语：do 巴 do 原则（固搭、疑问词+to do）
3.既跟 doing 又跟 to do 词的讨论: ⑴用法相同：start/begin
⑵用法不同：a. b. c. d. e. 五种情况
42
D. After being exposed

≦ 43 ≧
三、作表语
1. doing 即：V-ing 译为“令人…的”，主语一般是物。
done 即：V-ed
译为“感到…的”，主语一般是人。
2. doing : 表示经常性抽象的动作。His job is painting walls. done : 表示一次性具体的动作。His job is to paint the walls.
四、作定语
定语以 adj.为标志，所以分两种情况。
1.doing 和 done 为单词时，形式为：doing+名词
表用途或动作由 doing 发出
to do 动宾关系, to be done, the first… 2. doing, done 和 to do 为短语时：
doing (主动进行) done (被动完成)
being done (正在被…) to be done (将来被动)
考题形式为：名词 非 ⅹⅹVO. 或
讨论主被动和时间
例：The concert
A. Holding 五、作状语
B D C
1.讨论 doing 与 done doing (主动进行)
SVO 非 ⅹⅹ.
now is wonderful.
yesterday was wonderful. tomorrow will be wonderful.
B. being held
having done
C. to be held
done+名词完成的动作
D. held
(主动，该动作明显先于谓语动词) 43

≦ 44 ≧
done (被动完成)
考题形式：(有“，”出现)
⑴
非 ⅹⅹ，SVO. SVO, 非 ⅹⅹ. S, 非 ⅹⅹ,VO.
having been done (被动，该动作明显先于谓语动词)
主语 S 与非谓 doing 的主被动关系或 doing 与谓语动词的动作先后
⑵ (With)+名词 非，SVO. 名词与非谓 doing 的主被动关系。
1. ________who she was，she said she was Mr. Johnson’s friend．(2009)
A．Asking 2.讨论 to do
B．Asked
C．To ask
⑴to do 不定式作状语，有将来意味，表目的或结果。 ⑵only to find/notice
only to be told/informed
固搭：too…to…
enough to do
3.补：插入语作状语
in order to do = so as to do
D．When asking
Generally speaking (一般来说), Frankly speaking = To be frank (坦白地说), To be honest = To tell (you) the truth (说实话), Believe it or not (信不信由你), Judging from/by (根据…来判断), Given… (考虑到，鉴于),
Provided (that)… = Providing (that)… (如果，假如) Compared to/with… (与…相比)
4.补：There be 句型的非谓语形式为 There being
例：⑴There____ nothing to do, we are going to watch a movie.
A. is
B. being
C. been
D. to be
⑵_____ nothing to talk about, he said good-bye and went out of the room.
A. There was
B. There being
C. Being 44
D. There been
(2005)

≦ 45 ≧
六、作补足语 1.作主语补足语
主动：to do 主动将来
sb/sth be said / reported / believed / known / considered to have done 已发生
被动：to be done 被动将来 be have been done 已发生的被动
此相当于：It is said / reported / believed / known / considered that + 句子(主语从句) 例：⑴He is said____ two trips to China in the last two years. (2002)
A. to be making C. to have made
B. to make
D. to have been making
⑵ Many of his novels are reported_____ into several foreign languages last year.(2006)
A. to be translated C. being translated 2.作宾语补足语
B. to translate
D. to have been translated
⑴感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, hear 的宾补：以 see 为例：doing sth 看见…正在做…
see + 宾语 +
do
sth 看见…做了…(动作的全过程)
done 看见…被做
注：see + 宾语 + do 结构为主动，变被动时，要将 do 变为 to do: 例：We heard him sing this song in that room.
He was heard to sing this song in that room. ⑵使役动词 make, let, have, get
45

≦ 46 ≧
make + 宾 + let + 宾 + have + 宾 +
get + 宾 +
注：find + 宾 +
keep + 宾 + leave + 宾 +
do 让…做
done 让…被做 do 让…做
be done 让…被做 do 让…做
done 让…被做
doing 让…一直做
to do 让…做 done 让…被做
doing 让…开始做 doing 发现…正在做 done 发现…被
doing 让…一直做 done 让…被
to do 留下…去做 doing 留下…一直做
catch sb doing sth 撞见某人正在做某事
例：⑴His English was so poor that he found it difficult to make himself_____. (2006)
A. understood
⑵ Are
you
letters____.(2009) A. mailed
B. understand
going
downtown
B. mail
this
C. be understood
afternoon? C. to mail
I
am
D. to understand
going
to
D. mailing
have
these
⑶When the little girl awoke, she found herself _____ by a group of soldiers. (2010)
A. surround
B. be surrounded
C. being surrounded D. being surrounding 46

≦ 47 ≧
⑷I had a lot of trouble_____ the car_____ this morning. (2002)
A. to get, started 固定句型：
B. to get, starting
C. getting, started
⑴主 + find + n. + adj. + to do → 为 vt. / vi. + 介词
I find English hard to learn. ⑵主 + be + adj. + to do English is easy to learn.
例：They found the lecture hard_____ . (2009)
A. to understand
B. to be understood
C. being understood 47
D. getting, starting D. understood

≦ 48 ≧
定语从句
定语的位置：1.形容词作定语前置：形容词+名词
2.短语或句子作定语后置：名词+短语/句子（定语从句）
She is the girl.
╲
The girl lives next door. ╱
She is the girl living next door.
who lives next door. 关系词
一、定义：在英语句子中，用于限定名词或代词的句子，叫做定语从句。
二、构成： 先行词+关系词+定语从句（一般情况下，三者紧挨着，顺序不可变）
例：She is
the girl 先行词
who 关系词
lives next door. 定语从句
注：1.被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。
2.关系词指代先行词，两者为同一事物。三、关系词
主
关系代词：指人 who/that
指物 which/that
宾
whom/that which /that
关系副词：作状语，先行词为 时间 when
地点 where
原因 why(reason)
☆注：关系词的选择
48
定语 whose whose

≦ 49 ≧
当从句缺少成分（主、宾、表）时，用关系代词。当从句不缺少成分时，用关系副词。
判断缺不缺成分以“五大基本句型”为标准。
例：⑴Is this the factory
⑵I like the place ⑶He is the star
A. when
B
C E D E
B. where
he worked last year?
I visited three years ago. we love.
C. which
D. whom
E. that
1 . All ________ you can do to comfort her is to listen to her story patiently．(2009)
A．what
B．that
2. We should learn from those
A. Who
B. whom
C．which
D．things
________ are always ready to help others.(2010)
C. they
D. that
3. We arc living in an age____many things are done on the computer.(2012)
A. that
B. which
4. This test is for students
A. whose
B. that
C. whose
D. when
native language is not English.(2013)
C. of whom
5. I find it hard to imagine a time when _______to solve.（2015）
A. no problems will be there C. no problems there will be
四、如何找定语从句：
D. which
B. there will be no problems D. there no problems will be
从____后开始找，如果有一个谓语动词，____后都是从句。
如果有两个谓语动词，____与第二个谓语动词之间的为从句。
例：⑴The girl
⑵The work
B E A E
my father is talking to is my girl friend. has just been finished is very important.
49

≦ 50 ≧
⑶I’ll never forget the day
A. which
B. whom
C A E
we first met each other. we spent together.
C. when
D. who
注：若____前有名词，通常考定语从句。
五、whose 的使用： 1.从句不缺成分
2.先行词与从句主语构成从属关系 3.从句的主语前没有 the
例：⑴Do you know Peter
A. which
B
B. whose
⑵This is the scientist
A. who
C
B. whom
⑶This is the house,
A. which
D
B. whose
E. that
F. where
father happens to be working in your company?
C. that
D. of which
achievements(成就) are well known.
C. whose
the window was broken last night.
C. that
D. of whom D. of which
注：whose + n. = of which/whom + the + n. = the + n. + of which/whom 例：This is the house, the window of which was broken last night.
This is the house whose window was broken last night.
六、关系代词 which 与 that 的使用： a.只用 that 不用 which 的情况：
1.当先行词是 something, everything, anything, nothing, some, all, a little, little, a few, few 等不定代词或被这些词修饰时，用 that,不用 which.
2.当先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词或有 the only, the very(正好,正是), the last, just
50

≦ 51 ≧
修饰时，用 that,不用 which.
3.当先行词既有人又有物时，用 that, 不用 which.
4.当主句主语是 Who 或 Which 的疑问句时，用 that, 不用 which.
5.在 There be 句型中，关系词作主语时，用 that, 不用 which. 例：⑴Do you have anything that you want to say.
⑵This is the best movie that I’ve ever seen.
⑶Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ⑷Who is the boy that won the gold medal(金牌)?
⑸There is a seat in the corner that is still available(可用的). b.只用 which 不用 that 的情况：
1.当先行词本身为 that 时，用 which, 不用 that.
例: What’s that which flashed(闪光) in the sky just now?
2.当关系词前有介词时，用 which, 不用 that 例：This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.
注：此时，介词+关系代词 相当于 关系副词，且介词要与先行词或从句动词构成搭
配。如上句：This is a house where Lu Xun once lived. 例：⑴This is the factory _____ he worked last year.
A. which
B. in that
C. in which
⑵John is the boy ____ he talked yesterday.
A. whom
B. with whom
C. of which
D. of which D. of who
⑶He is a man of great knowledge, ________much can be learned.（2010）
A. in whom
B. about whom
C. from whom
⑷Do you know the man ________just now?（2010）
A. to who I nodded
B. I nodded to 51
D. of whom

≦ 52 ≧
C. whom I nodded
D. Whom I nodded to him
⑸The person ________ I complained is the supervisor.（2015）
A. whom
B. to whom
C. who
D. to who
⑹The new buyer identified a dozen new sources for the material, reliable. (2019)
A. most of them
B. most of which
C. most of whom
3.在非限制性定语从句中，用 which, 不用 that 定语从句的分类：
限制性定语从句：This is the book that/which I want to read.
proved to be
D. most of what
非限制性定语从句：This is New York, which I have visited for several times. 注：1.限制性定语从句中无“，”且从句不可去掉，否则语义不完整。
非限制性定语从句中有“，”从句去掉，语义也完整，从句只起补充说明作用。
2.在限制性定语从句中，当关系词作宾语时，可以省略。例：This is the book (that/which) I want to read.
3.在非限定性定语从句中，只是不用 that,其他关系词可以用：例 1： ⑴The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company.
⑵Lori is going to marry Mark, whom she does not love.
例 2：⑴She has fallen in love with Jack,_____ I find hard to imagine. (2009)
A. who
B. that
C. whom
D. which
例 3：The activity was delayed，_______was exactly _______we wanted·（2009）
A．which, what
B．which，which
C．that，what
D.that，that
⑵Mr. Zhang, ____ came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father’s. (2006)
A. Which
B. that
C. who 52
D. whom

≦ 53 ≧
例 3 : The new policy, ______ is about the tax reduction，is to be carried out next month．
A．that
B．what
C．it
D．which
七、当先行词为 the way（方式，方法）时，且当从句不缺成分时，关系词有三种情况：that / in which / 不填
例 1： ⑴The way that/in which/不填 he explained the sentence to us was simple.
⑵The way that/which he explained to us was simple.
例 2：I don’t like_____ you speak to her. (2013)
A. the way
B. the way in that
八、关系代词 as, which 的区别：以下固定搭配用 as :
1. such…as…
“像…一样的”
the same…as… “和…一样的”
C. the way which
例：We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
The result is not the same as they had expected. 注：the same…as… 和 the same…that…的区别：
例：This is the same pen as I lost.
D. the way of which
(指同一类型的笔，但不是同一支)
This is the same pen that I lost. (指同一支笔)
1. It wasn’t such a good dinner_____ she had promised us.（2011）
A. That
B. which
C. as
D. what
2. _____ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.(2012)
A. As
B. Which
C. It 53
D. That

≦ 54 ≧
2.在非限定性定语从句中，as 和 which 都可以代表前面一整句话的内容。
as 引导的从句可位于主句前，主句中，主句后。但 which 引导的从句只能位于主句后。
此外，as 用于以下固定搭配：
as we know(正如我们所知)
as has been said before(如上所述) as is well known(众所周知)
as is known to everybody(众所周知)
as is often the case(像通常那样) as is reported(正如报道的那样) as was expected(正如预料的那样)
例：⑴As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
⑵Smoking, as we know, is harmful to one’s health. ⑶Smoking is harmful to one’s health, as we know. ⑷She married him, which was natural.
九、其他要点（一）
1. one of + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词复数
the only one of +复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词单数例：He is one of the boys who are handsome. (be)
先行词
He is the only one of the boys who is handsome.
先行词
2.数词/代词 + of which/whom 表示先行词的数量。
(be)
此类词有：all, none, both, neither, either, some, most… 例：⑴She has ten friends, ____ is a girl.
A. none of which
B. none of whom
C. who 54
D. some of whom

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⑵I have two pens, ____ writes well.
A. none of them
B. none of which
十、其他要点（二）
C. neither of which
D. either of them
非地点意义的词，表“抽象地点”，如 situation(局面), point(境界), case(事例),
position(境地), stage(阶段), condition(条件), circumstance(境况)…意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”，关系词用 where.
例：They have reached the point ____ they have to say goodbye to each other.
A. that
B. which
十一、其他要点（三）
C. where
D. when
插入语 I think, I believe, I guess, I suppose, I imagine, in my opinion 通常放在关系词与从句谓语动词之间。做题时，不考虑插入语。
例：He made another wonderful discovery,_____ of great importance to science. (2012)
A. which I think is C. which I think it
十二、其他要点（四）
B. which I think it is D. I think is
在先行词和关系词之间插入较短的成分，如时间状语，地点状语等时，从句叫做分割定语从句。对于这种题，找先行词是关键。
例：I was the only person in my office who was invited.
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名词性从句（充当名词的句子）
一、定义：具有名词作用的句子，叫做名词性从句。注：在名词性从句中，
若_____在句首，从_____开始往后找，第二个谓语动词之前为从句。
若_____在句中，从_____开始往后画，画完即为从句。二、分类
1.主语从句：一个句子放在主语的位置。（句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。）
The book ╲
What I am reading ╱ is interesting.
2.宾语从句：一个句子放在宾语的位置。 a.作动词的宾语：
I don’t understand b.作介词宾语：
her words. what she said.
The boy told me
My teacher was satisfied with what I did.
the reason.
why she hurt me.
注：介词后面不能跟 that 引导的宾语从句，除了以下固定搭配：
in that(在于), but that(除了), except that(除了)
例：We know nothing except that Joe is from America.
I could say nothing but that I was sorry. ☆区别：
He offered me what I wanted.
(名从)
He offered me the book that/which/不填 I wanted. (定从)
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3.表语从句：一个句子放在表语的位置。
The reason is
a matter of money.
that I don’t have enough money.
⑴. The reason why he didn’t come to school was ______ill.(2010)
A. due to
B. that he fell
C. because he fell
D. because of falling
⑵ . The reason Beethoven went away to the country is____he was gradually going deaf.(2012)
A. since
4.同位语从句
B. that
The news that they won the match is true. The news that you told us yesterday is true.
C. because
(同位语从句)(定从)
D. as
注：The news = they won the match 两者为同一事物，叫同位语。 ☆区分：
若_____前无名词，且句中无“，”为名词性从句。若_____前有名词，有可能为定从或同位语从句。
当为同位语从句时，从句一定不缺成分，且前面的名词通常为抽象名词：news, fact, idea, thought, hope, order(命令), information, truth, belief, theory(理论),
evidence/proof(证据), promise(承诺), faith(信念), conclusion(结论). 例：The idea that we invited her yesterday is quite good. (同位语从句)
The idea that you gave me is quite good. The idea is that we should invite her.
注：1.tell/offer/bring/give
sb 宾从
(定从)
(表从)
sb sth 定从/同位语从句
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2.固定句型：I don’t think/imagine/believe/suppose…否定形式在主句，否定的焦点却在从句，译为“我认为…不…”
3.固定句型：The reason (why… ) is that… “理由是…”
It/This/That is the reason why… “这就是的…原因”
It/This/That is because… “这是因为…” It/This/That is why… “这就是…的原因”
例 1： The reason was that he was ill.
That was the reason why he fell ill.
That was because he fell ill. That was why he fell ill.
例 2：⑴The reason is _____ he is unable to operate the machine. (2013)
A. because
B. why
C. that
D. whether
⑵We must get there before 7 o’clock. That’s_____ we have to start so early.(2012)
A. the reason that C. why that
B. the reason for why D. why
例3：The reason _____ he rejected our plan is that he had no faith in us.(2011)
A. which
B. that
C. why
D. because
例 4：We’ve all heard of Thomas Edison, _____who invented the electric light and many other things.(2013)
A. man
B. a man
考点一：引导词的选择
C. the man
D. men
1. that 在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，无词意。（在宾语从句中才能省略。） 2. whether/if 在从句中不作成分，但具有“是否”的含义。
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区别：whether 能引导所有的名词性从句，而且能和 or not 连用。
If 只能引导宾语从句，而且不能和 or not 连用。
3. 特殊疑问词：
连接代词：what(物/主、宾)
who(人/主、表)
“…的事情/东西” whom(人/宾)“谁”
which(物/主、宾、定语) “哪一个、哪一些”
连接副词：when“什么时候”
why“为什么”
☆连接词的选择原则：
where“哪里，…的地方” how“如何”
在名从中，若从句缺少成分，用连接代词，连接代词的选择看句意。
若从句不缺成分，用连接副词/whether/if/that,选择看句意。（若句中没有疑问语气用 that）
例：⑴_____ you ought to do is to see a doctor.
A. How
B. What
(2007)
C. Which
D. That
⑵There can be no doubt_____ someone had visited the house before they arrived.(2007)
A. why
B. whether
C. how
D. that
⑶He kept silent, so I couldn’t know_____ he agreed____ not. (2012)
A. if; or
B. whether; or
C. either; or
D. neither; nor
⑷_____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. (2008)
A. That
B. Whether
C. If
D. Even if
⑸______I was trying to do is to persuade my brother to give up smoking.（2017）
A. That
B. Now
C. What 59
D. Which

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注：1.当表示强调时，用 who, whom, what, which, when, where, how + ever, 译为“无论…”
例：_____ has finished the work ahead of time will be rewarded though we don’t know who it will be. (2013)
A. Those who
B. Anyone
C. Whoever
D. No matter who
例：By lip reading or watching the movements of the speaker’s lips , a deaf person can actually see_________the person at the other telephone is saying.（2010）
A. That
B. how
C. what
D. where
例：The place ______the bridge is supposed to be built should be______the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where
C. at which ; where
B. at which ; which D. which ; in which
例：Professor Lee’s book will show you _____ can be used in other context.（2011）
A. that you have observed
C. that how you have observed
B. how that you have observed D. how what you have observed
例： Evidence came up_____ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.
A. that
B. what
C. which
2.which 必须译为“哪一个，哪一些”：作从句的主语/宾语
D. whose
放在名词前作定语，译为“哪个…”
例：⑴He asked me which I liked best among all these toys.
⑵Do you know which country is the largest in the world?
⑶Have you decided ____ cell phone you should buy, SAMSUNG or NOKIA?
A. what
B. which
C. when 60
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3.名从中的插入语
例：I will make friends with ____ (I think) is honest.
A. that
B. whom
C. who
考点二：所有英语从句的语序都用陈述语序。顺序为：连接词 + 主语 + 谓语动词 + 其他
例 1：I don’t know what is his name.
I don’t know what his name is.
(√)
(ⅹ)
D. why
例 2： ⑴I didn’t hear____ because there was too much noise where I was sitting. (2012)
A. what did he say
C. what was he saying
⑵Do you know ____ with her?
A. what the matter is C. how the matter is
B. what he said
D. what for him to say B. what is the matter D. how is the matter
注：在宾从中，若从句为 what is the matter 或 what is wrong, 语序仍然为疑问语序。考点三：it 作形式主语/形式宾语
1. That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
↓主语换 it
It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.
形主
真主
2. I consider that you should improve your pronunciation(发音) necessary.
↓宾语换 it
宾补
I consider it necessary that you should improve your pronunciation.
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形宾
注：形式宾语常见的情况：
真宾
1. It is said / reported / believed that + 句子
2. It is clear / obvious / apparent / evident that + 句子 “…是显而易见的” ☆注：宾语从句的时态一致性：
1.若主句为现在时，从句根据需要选择。
2.若主句为过去时，从句必须使用过去的某种时态。例 1： I know what he does.
I know what he did.
I know what he will do.
例 2： I knew that he was lying.
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一、在虚拟条件句中的运用
If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.
虚拟语气
(虚拟，不能实现)
If it is fine next week, I’ll go traveling. (真实条件句，可能实现，使用主将从现)
从 句
对现在的虚拟： If + 主 + did/were(与现在事实相反)
对过去的虚拟： If + 主 + had done(与过去事实相反)
对将来事实相反：If + 主 + did
(与将来事实相反)
主 句
主 + would/should/could/might + do
主+would/should/could/might+ have done 主 + would/should/could/might + do
were to do should do
例：⑴If I ____ you, I ____ the chance to go abroad.
A. were; would have seized C. had been; would seized
B. were; would seize
D. had been; were to seize
⑵If he had been in better health, he_____ more books. (2007)
A. can write C. could write
B. could have written D. have written
⑶If they ____ several children in the future, they ____ a happy family.
A. had; would have been C. had; would be
B. had had; would have been D. have; would be
⑷ ________a postgraduate，I would at least master two foreign language.(2009)
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A．Was I to become C．Had I become
B．Were I to become D．I should become
⑸He made the proposal that we_______ a role play at the English evening．(2009)
A．have
B．had
C．will have
D．have had
⑹We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______.（2010）
A. be put off
B. was put off
C. should put off
D. is to put off
⑺But for the favorable weather, we_____ in such a good harvest.
A. can’t get
B. couldn’t get
⑻ It’s necessary that the president____
A)
came
B)will come
C. couldn’t have got D. could have got in time to attend the meeting.(2013)
C)come
D) comes
⑼ I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _____so busy
then(2013)
A) had been
B) were
C) was
D) would be
⑽She said that the doctor must have got stuck in a traffic jam; otherwise he______ by then. （2015）
A) would arrive C) should arrive
B) would have arrived D) must have arrived
⑾Mr. Smith insisted that the work ______ finished by the end of April.（2015）
A) be
B) had been
C) was
D) were
⑿He is studying diligently________ he should fall behind.（2015）
A) for fear that
B) so that
C) unless
D) before
⒀If they hadn’t spend all the money on the stocks, their life____ so miserable at the moment.（2016）
A) would not have been
B) will not have been 64

≦ 65 ≧
C) are not
D) would not be
⒁ I’m sorry I have made so many mistakes.I wish I____. (2017)
A.didn’t
B.hadn’t
C.wouldn’t
⒂If the little boy had been given the best medical care,he
A.could not die C.would not die
⒃Had I you asked me yesterday, I
A. have lent
B. lent
B.have not died
D.won’t
.(2018)
D.would not have died
you the money. (2019)
C. would lend
⒄Looking round the town, he felt as though he
A.has been
B. was
C.is
D. could have lent
away for ages.(2019)
D. had been
注：1.在虚拟条件句中可省略 if,把从句中的 were, should, had 提到句首，变为倒装句式。
例：_____ tomorrow, he would be able to see the opening ceremony. (2010)
A. Would he come
B. If he comes
但是，否定词 not 不可提前：
C. Was he coming
Weren’t it for the expense, I would go abroad now. Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.
(ⅹ)(√)
D. Were he to come
2. if = provided (that) = providing (that) = supposing (that) = suppose (that) 译为“假如”，用法与 if 相同。
3.错综虚拟条件句（从句和主句虚拟的时间不一致，此时需看从句或主句的时间状语。）
例：⑴If you had just followed my advice, you would be better now.
(be)
⑵If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. (study)
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4.含蓄条件句
用以下词代替 if 引导的虚拟条件句：
with, without, but for(没有), but that(要不是), or/otherwise(否则)
+ 主句
现，将：情 v. + do
过去：情 v. + have done
例 1： ⑴But for your help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam yesterday. (not pass)
⑵But that it rained yesterday, I would have finished the work. (finish)
例 2：⑴I passed the test. I _____ it without your help.
A. would not pass C. didn’t pass
(2010)
B. wouldn’t have passed D. had not passed
⑵ _____the English examination, I would have gone to the concert last night.
（2016）
A) In spite of
⑶
A.None but
B) But for
C) Because of
D) As for
the delay of plane. we would have been in Paris now.（2018）
B.But for
⑷Without our kindness and help. I
A.don’t achieve C.will not achieve
二、在名词性从句中的运用 1.用在宾语从句中
C.But that
D.nothing but
so much.(2018)
B didn’t achieve
D would not have achieved
⑴wish 引导的宾语从句表示一种不可能实现的愿望。主 + wish + (that) + 现在：did / were
过去：had done / could have done
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将来：would / could / might do
例：⑴I wish that I were a millionaire.
(be)
⑵I wish I had met/could have met the movie star yesterday.
(meet)
⑶ I wish that my son would become a person who has a strong sense of
responsibility(责任) when he grows up.
(become)
例：I wish you_____ here last night. All of us were waiting for your arrival. (2006)
A. came
B. had come
注：if only(要是…就好了)的用法：
C. come
If only + 句子 = How I wish + (that) + 句子
例：If only I had seen the film! = How I wish I had seen the film!
D. will come
例 1：If only you______him what I said!Everything would have been all right.(2017)
A)do not tell C)have not told
B)would not tell D)had not told
⑵用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后加宾语从句，句中为(should) do. 此类动词有：一坚持：insist
二命令：order, command
四建议：advise, suggest, propose, recommend 五要求：require, request, demand, desire, ask
宾从的结构为：主 + v.(以上词) + that + 主 + (should) + do
(主动)
be done (被动)
例：⑴He asked that he____ an opportunity to explain why he’s refused to go there. (2013)
A. is given
B. must give
C. should give
D. be given
⑵Experiments____ that accurate measurements be made. (2003)
A. show
B. prove
C. demand 67
D. head

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注：以上词的名词和形容词的形式后面的 that 从句中，谓语动词还是(should) do. 例：⑴My advice is that she _____to apologize to him. (2013)
A. go
B. where
C. which
D. when
⑵One of the requirements for a fire is that the material_____ to its burning temperature.(2007)
A. is heated
B. will be heated
C. be heated
D. would be heated
⑶We are all for your proposal that the discussion______ . (2005)
A. be put off
B. was put off
C. will be put off
D. should put off
⑷It is requested that the rent for the house_____ in advance. (2002)
A. will have to be paid C. should have to be paid
B. has to be paid D. should be paid
(5) It is highly desirable that a new manager______for this company. (2017)
A)should appoint
C)should be appointing
⑶insist ①坚持要求（虚拟）
②坚持认为（不用虚拟）
B)be appointed D)appoint
suggest ①建议（虚拟）
②暗示（不用虚拟）
例 1： ⑴He insisted that he was right about his decision.
⑵He insisted that we (should) set off at once.
(be)
(set off)
⑶The teacher suggested that we (should) learn English well. (learn)
⑷The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. (be)
例 2：The teacher insisted that we____ our homework before 9:00 o’clock. (2010)
A. finished
B. had finished
C. finish
例 3：He insisted on his name____in full.(2017)
A.write
B.was written
C.be written 68
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≦ 69 ≧
⑷would rather / would prefer / would sooner / would just as soon
+ (that) + 宾语从句 对现/将虚拟： did / were
对过去的虚拟： had done
例：⑴I would prefer that you did not mention my name.
⑵I would rather you_____ to the party with her.
A. go
B. went
C. will go
(not mention)
(2006)
D. has gone
⑶Mr. Smith would just rather we____ now, but we must go to work. (2005)
A. not leave
B. didn’t leave
C. are not to leave
D. won’t leave
⑷I’d just as soon_____ those important papers with you. (2002)
A. that you won’t take C. please don’t you take
(5) .The doctor suggested that she
A. will not smoke 2.用在主语从句中
B. not smoke
B. your not taking D. you didn’t take
for the time being. (2019)
C. would not smoke
D. did not smoke
It is necessary / important / strange / natural / essential / vital / imperative(迫切的) / a pity + that 从句，句中为(should) do.
例：⑴It is necessary that he _____ the task by the end of next week. (2010)
A. fulfill
B. will fulfill
C. will have fulfilled D. fulfills
⑵It’s necessary that the problem_____ in some way or other. (2006)
A. is settled
3.用在定语从句中
B. has been settled
It is (high) time + (that) + V-ed 译为“（现在）是时候该……”
C. be settled
should do (should 不可省略)
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≦ 70 ≧
例：⑴It’s high time_____ about the traffic problem. (2008)
A. something was done C. anything will be done
B. something is done D. nothing to be done
⑵It’s time the dog_____ how to behave properly. (2002)
A. is learning
B. learns
C. learned
D. to learn
⑶I think it was high time they____ to take you more seriously. (2016)
A. began
4.在目的状语从句中
B. should begin
C. begin
D. begun
在 in case(以防), lest(以免), for fear that(以免)后的状从中，动词用(should) do.
例：The Simpsons got up early lest they (should) miss the train. 5.在原因状语从句中
sorry
主 + be +
surprised
disappointed
+ that +
现/将： should do
过去： should have done
(miss)
此句型用于表达失望、难过、惊奇等情感，句中的 should 译为“竟然，居然”
例：I am sorry that he_____ in such poor health.
A. are
6.在方式状语从句中
B. shall be
主句 + as if / as though + 从句
(2013)
C. were
现在：did / were 过去：had done
将来：would/could do
例：⑴He speaks English as if he were an American.
(be)
⑵He talked about the girl as though he had met her before.
D. should be(meet)
1 . The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _____ the quality of life
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is probably one of the highest.(2010)
A. Since
B. when
情态动词 + have done 的用法：
1.must have done
C. as
“过去肯定做了”
can’t/couldn’t have done “过去不可能做了”
D. while
注：没有 mustn’t have done ；mustn’t do 表示“禁止”“决不能” 2. can/could have done 表推测，译为“过去可能做了”
could have done(不能用 can)表能力，译为“过去本能够做但没做”
3. may/might have done
“过去或许已经做了”
may/might not have done“过去可能还没有做”
4. should/ought to have done “过去本应该做而实际上没做” should not/ought not to have done“过去本不应该做但做了”
5. need have done
“过去需要做某事可是没做”
needn’t have done“过去没有必要做某事可是做了”
例：⑴I’m not surprised you failed the exam. You _____ have worked harder. (2008)
A. should
B. must
C. would
⑵I_____ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.
A. should arrive
C. could have arrived
B. would be arriving D. arrived
⑶You_____ me because I didn’t say that. (2007)
A. must misunderstand
C. must have misunderstood
D. ought(2006)
B. must be misunderstanding D. had to misunderstand
⑷You_____ not have seen her yesterday, for she was abroad. (2009)
A. must
B. should
C. could 71
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≦ 72 ≧
⑸You__her in her office last Friday, she’s been out of town for two weeks.
A. needn’t have seen C. mustn’t have seen
B. must have seen D. can’t have seen
⑹The room is in a terrible mess；it_________ cleaned．（2009）
A．can’t have been C．mustn’t have been
B．shouldn’t have been D．wouldn’t have been
(2001)
⑺Thank you for all your hard work. T don’t think we ______it without you.（2010）
A. can manage C. could manage
B. could have managed D. can have managed
⑻According to the air traffic rules, you_____switch off your mobile phone before boarding.（2010）
A. May
B. can
C. would
⑼Had he worked harder, he______ the exams. (2010)
A. must have got through C. would get through
D. should
B. would have got through D. could get through
⑽I can’t find my purse anywhere. You ______ have lost it while shopping.
A. May
B. can
C. should
D. would
⑾The alarm o’clock didn’t ring this morning, you_____it last night.（2011）
A. need to have forgotten to wind C. ought to have forgotten to wind
⑿If Jackie is as sick as you say, she
A. has better
B. had better
B. may have forgotten winding D. must have forgotten to wind
see a doctor as soon as possible. (2019)
C. has rather 72
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倒装句
①完全倒装：谓语部分完全放在主语之前。（谓语部分包括除主语外的所有部分） ②部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（情 v./ 助 v. /be）放在主语之前。（即一般疑问
句的语序）一、完全倒装
1.表示方位或时间的副词/介词短语位于句首，如：here, there, then, up, down, in, out…
且主语是名词时，使用完全倒装。例：⑴The children rushed out.
Out rushed the children.
⑵The girl came in. In came the girl.
⑶She came in. In she came.
注：主语为代词时，不倒装。方位副词放句首 + 主 + 谓 v. 2. such 位于句首时
例：⑴Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist.
⑵Such are the facts; no one can deny them.
注：such 后的 be 动词应与后面的“真正主语”保持一致。二、部分倒装（半倒装）
1. only + 副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。例 1：Only in this way can we learn English well.
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例 2：⑴Only after the war ____ the sad news.
A. learned he
B. learns he
C. did he learn
⑵Only when____ did we find out the truth.
A. did he return
B. he returned
⑶Only ____ answer the question.
A. can he
B. can him
C. does he return C. he can
D. does he learn D. he returns D. him can
⑷ The driver admitted that not only____ ,but he didn’t have a driving license
either.(2012)
A. he was not insured C. was he not insured
B. he was insured not D. was not he insured
⑸Only when she had accomplished the task_______that she had made a mistake.
（2015）
A. did she realize
B. she then realized
C. she realized
⑹Only years later____the truth about the matter.（2016）
A. I learned
B. did l learn
C. I did learn
⑺Under no circumstances______the party. (2017)
A. we shall cancel C. we cancel
B. shall we cancel
D. shall not we cancel
注：⑴only + 状语从句（从句不倒装），后面的主句倒装。
⑵only 修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。
2.否定副词及表否定的介词短语位于句首时，采用半倒装。
D. before she realize D. had I learned
常用的否定词及短语：never, nor, not, hardly = scarcely = rarely(几乎不，几乎没有), seldom, little, in no case = by no means = on no condition = on no account(决不), at no
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time = under no circumstances(在任何时候都不) 例 1：I have never seen such a moving movie.
→Never have I seen such a moving movie.
例 2：Seldom_____ in such a rude way.
A. we have been treated C. we have treated
(2007)
B. have we been treated D. have we treated
例 3：John’s never been to New York._____? (2016)
A. And hasn’t Tom
B. Nor he didn’t
C. Neither has Tom D. Tom hasn’t neither
注：No wonder / Little wonder(不足为奇), In no time = soon 放句首，后面不倒装。
3.句型 1：Neither / Nor / So + 情 v. / 助 v. / be + 主
否定
否定 肯定
句型 2：So + 主 + 情 v. / 助 v. / be 例：⑴—-I am scared(害怕的).
—-So am I. (= Me, too.) ⑵—-I am scared.
—-So you are. (你确实如此。) ⑶—-Lily can’t ride a bicycle.
译为“…也不这样”/“…
也是如此”
译为“…确实如此”
—-Neither/Nor can Lucy. (露西也不会。)
1. So little _____with each other that the neighbors couldn’t settle their difference.
A. agree did they C. they agree
2. _____that the pilot couldn’t fly through it.
A. The storm so severe was C. So severe was the storm
B. did they agree（2011） D. they did agree
B. So the storm was severe D. Such was the storm severe
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注：句型 1 可以改写成 “It is the same with…” 或 “So it is with…”
it 可指上文一句话。
例：—-I like football, but I don’t like volleyball.
—-_____.
A. So do I
B. Neither do I
C. So it is with me.
4. So + adj./adv. + 半倒装 + that + 句子（不倒装）
Such + a/an + adj. + n. + 半倒装 + that + 句子（不倒装）译为“如此…以至于…”
D. So is it with me.
例 1：⑴He speaks English so clearly that he can always make himself understood. 倒→So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
⑵He has such an interesting book that we all want to read it.
倒→Such an interesting book does he have that we all want to read it. 例 2：So loudly____ that all the people in the room got a fright. (2012)
A. he shouted
B. shouted he
C. did he shout
5. Hardly / Scarcely / Rarely … (had done) when… (did)
No sooner…(had done) than… (did) 译为“刚…就…”
例 1：I had hardly got home when it began to rain. 倒→Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
例 2：⑴_____sat down_____ the phone rang. (2010)
A. No sooner had he…than C. No sooner had he… when
D. he did shout
B. No sooner he had… than D. No sooner he had… when
⑵Hardly had he entered the classroom_____ the bell rang. (2006)
A. than
B. then
C. when 76
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⑶_____closed his eyes than the doorbell rang. (2001)
A. Hardly had he
C. No sooner had he
6. Neither… (半倒装) , nor… (半倒装)
Not only… (半倒装) , but also… (不倒装)
B. Scarcely he had D. As soon as he had
例：Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.
Not only is he a scientist, but also he is a painter.
例：I don’t think lunch is a good time to get together, _____.(2011)
A. dinner is neither
B. so is not dinner
C. not dinner too
7. Not until + 时间/从句（不倒装）+ 主句（半倒装）例 1： ⑴Not until 4:00 in the morning did he fall asleep.
⑵Nor until he returned did we have supper.
例 2：Not until ten o’clock_____ it was too late to return. (2003)
A. they realized
B. they did realize
D. nor is dinner
C. did they realized D. realized they
例 3 ： It was ____he arrived home ____he realized that he had left his keys in the office.(2017)
A.until…that
B.not until …had
例 4：Not until recently areas.(2019)
A. they had encourage C. did they encourage
C.until…had
D.not until…that
the development of tourist-related activities in the rural
B. had they encouraged D. they encourage
三、形式倒装（只把强调内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装）结构为：adj. / v. / adv. + as/though + 主 + 谓，SVO.
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例：⑴Young _____ , he knows a lot.
A. though is he
B. although he is
⑵Try _____ , he didn’t pass the exam.
A. as he
B. as he might
C. though he is C. he as
D. although is he D. he as might
⑶_____ , he couldn’t earn enough to support his family. (2010)
A. Hard as he worked C. As hard he worked
B. As he worked hard D. Hard as did he work
⑷_____ , water resources have been severely wasted or polluted. (2009)
A. They are scarce C. Scarce as they are
B. Scarce they are D. As scarce they are
⑸Smart____ he is, he can’t find the answer to the question. (2004)
A. like
B. as
C. that
D. how
⑹Tired _________ she was，there was no hope of her being able to sleep．（2009）
A
if
B．though
⑺Across the river_________.
A. lies a new built bridge C. a new built bridge lies
C．even if
D.
unless
B. lies a newly built bridge D. a newly built bridge lies
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≦ 79 ≧
强调句
一、句型：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分注：强调人时用 who/that，强调物时用 that.
例：⑴It was him that/who we met at the school gate.
被强调部分
⑵It was in the park that Tom lost has watch.
被强调部分
二、强调句的 It 与形式主语 It 的区别：
☆判断标准：将 It is/was…that/who 去掉，如果剩下的可组成一个完整句子，就是强调句，否则不是。
例 1：It is there that accidents often happen.
→Accidents often happen there.
It is clear that not all boys like football.
→Clear not all boys like football.
(ⅹ)
(强调句)
只去掉 it →That not all boys like football is clear. (主语从句)
例 2： ⑴_____that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point. (2010)
A. During the 1960’s
C. That it was in the 1960’s
B. It was in the 1960’s D. It was the 1960’s
⑵I made this myself but it was_____ who taught me. (2012)
A. he A. this
B. him
C. himself
D. by him
⑶It was in Johnson’s hotel _____the business meeting was held last year. (2013)
B. that
C. what 79
D. which

≦ 80 ≧
⑷It was in the factory_____ you worked five years ago____ you learned the
technique. (2012)
A. that; where
B. where; when
C. where; where
D. where; that
⑸It was the training that he had as a young man_______ made him such a good
engineer.（2010）
A. Has
B. later
注：not…until… 句型的强调句
C. which
句式为：It is/was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他例 1：he didn’t leave until I came back.
变强调句→It was not until I came back that he left. 变倒装句→Not until I came back did he leave.
D. that
例 2：It was not until she had arrived home _____ she remembered her appointment with the doctor. (2008)
A. when
B. that
C. and
D. where
三、强调谓语动词 + 助动词 do, did 或 does, 译为“的确，一定…” 例：⑴He wrote to you last week.
→He did write to you last week.
⑵Come this evening. →Do come this evening.
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状语从句
连词的位置：连词+句子，句子。 句子+连词+句子。一、时间状语从句
1. when + 长动作/短动作
while + 长动作
as：表示两个动作的同时性，译为“随着…”“一边…一边…” 例：⑴When John arrived, I was cooking lunch.
⑵As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer.
⑶When/While/As I was waiting at the bus stop, I came across her.
注：1.当从句用延续性动词，主句用短暂性动词时，when, while, as 可互换，都译为“当…时候”。
2. while 作为并列连词时，译为“然而”，表对比。例 1：He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.
例 2：The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, ____ the quality of it is
probably one of the highest.
A. Since
B. when
(2012)
C. as
D. while
2. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant,
once…(可用主将从现)以及 hardly / scarcely / rarely… (had done) when… (did) sooner…(had done) than…(did), 以上连词都译为“一…就…”
例 1：I’ll go with you as soon as I finish my work.
(finish)
例 2： ⑴I’d like to see him in my office_____ he arrives. (2012)
A. for the moment
B. the moment
C. in a moment 81
D. at any moment
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⑵He had no sooner finished his speech_____ he withdrew. (2004)
A. than
B. that
例 3：I will pay a visit to my old friend
A.the time when C.the minute
3. 长动作 + until/till…
“直到…”
短动作（与 not 连用）+ until/till…
C. when
D. an
she comes back From abroad.(2018)
B.the moment when D.on the minute
“直到…才…”
例：⑴You may stay here until/till the rain stops.
⑵He won’t go to bed until/till she returns.
⑶Until you told me I had no idea of it. 注：till 不可放句首，until 可以。
例 1:
You’ll be fined
weekend.(2018)
A.if
B. until
you return the books to the school library by this
C.unless
D. provided
4. every time/each time(每次), next time(下次), the last time(上次)可引导时间状语从句。
例：⑴Every time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.
⑵The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.
例：John puts up his hand_____ the teacher asks a question. (2006)
A. every time
B. in time
C. some time
D. at times
例：——Would you like to come to see a film with me tonight?（2009）
——I’d love to．_____I didn’t finish my homework yet．
A．and
B．so
C．as 82
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≦ 83 ≧
例： _______you’ve got an opportunity, you should take good advantage of it．（2009）
A．Now that
B．After
C．Although
例：Nearly there years of high school had gone by of studying hard.（2018）
A.until
二、地点状语从句
B.while
C.before
D．As soon as
he finally realized the importance
D.so that
由 where / wherever 引导，从句可放在主句之前或之后。表抽象含义时，从句放在主句之前。
例 1： ⑴We should go where the Party needs us most.
⑵Where there is a will, there is a way.
例 2：After the earthquake, a new school building was put_____ there had once been a theatre. (2013)
A. that
三、原因状语从句
1. because
∣
⑴译为“因为”
→
⑵对方不知道的原因 ⑶可用于回答 why
B. where
since/now that
∣
⑴译为“既然”
C. which
→
as ∣
D. when
→
⑴译为“由于”
for ∣
⑴译为“因为”
⑵双方都知道的原因⑵双方都知道的原因 ⑵表推测的原因
⑶位于句首
⑷位于句中或单独存在
⑶位于句首/句中
例：⑴I was absent from the meeting because I was ill.
⑵As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.
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⑶位于句中

≦ 84 ≧
⑶Now that/Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.
⑷It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.
2.seeing that, considering that, given that 也可表原因，译为“考虑到，由于”
例 1：(2018)
A.Although
fortune and social status,she was an actually an ordinary-looking woman.
B.Despite of
四、目的状语从句
1. in order that 与 so that
(句首，句中)
(句中)
C.In spite of
译为“以便…”“为了…”
D.Considering
引导的从句用情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, will, would…
2. for fear that(担心…) 与 in case (that) (以防…)可引导目的状语从句。例：⑴_____we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak(山顶) early.
A. So that
B. In order that
C. For
D. To
⑵My parents always keep candles in the house_____ there is a power outage.
A. if
B. unless
C. in case
D. so that
⑶He was asked to speak louder_____ all the students in the classroom could hear
him. (2001)
A. as
B. so as to
C. so that
D. than
⑷We must improve the farming method ____ we may get high yields.（2013）
A. in order to
B. in order that
C. since
D. as
⑸ A11 the while he was terrified by the fear ____he had cancer of’ the stomach.（2014）
A. which
B. that
C. what 84
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≦ 85 ≧
五、结果状语从句
1. so… that…与 such… that… “如此…以至于…” So + adj./adv. + that 从句
So + adj. + a/an + 单数可数 n. + that 从句
Such + adj. + 复数可数 n./不可数 n. + that 从句 Such + a/an + adj. + 单数可数 n. + that 从句
例：Mike is such an honest person that we all believe in him.
Mike is so honest a person that we all believe in him. 2. so that 也可引导结果状语从句，译为“结果…”
例：It was very cold, so that the river froze.
(结果状语从句)
I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me. (目的状语从句) 六、条件状语从句
连词：if, unless, as long as(只要), in case(万一), on condition that(条件是), suppose/supposing (that)(假如), provided that=providing that(如果)
例：⑴You can only fly to London this evening_____ you don’t mind changing planes in Paris. (2012)
A. except
B. provided
C. although
D. where
⑵Some companies might not let you rent a car _____you have a credit card. (2013)
A. where
B. since
⑶—-Our holiday cost a lot of money.
C. because
D. unless
—-Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter_____ you enjoyed yourselves. (2012)
A. unless
B. as far as
C. as long as 85
D. until

≦ 86 ≧
七、方式状语从句
连词：as(按照…), as if / as though(好像)
例：⑴When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (入乡随俗。)
⑵I love you as if you were my sister. (虚拟语气)
⑶It looks as if it’s going to rain. (可能是真的，不是虚拟语气) 八、让步状语从句
1. although / though (尽管，即使)，可与 yet, still, nevertheless 连用，但不能与 but 连用。
例 1：Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. 例 2：⑴It was a nice meal, _____a little expensive.
A. though
B. whether
C. as
⑵Tired _____ he was, he still went on with his work.
A. although
B. though
C. because
注：as/though 引导让步状从时可倒装，although 不可以。 2. even though / even if (即使)
例：Even if I were busy, I would go. (虚拟语气)
Even if it is raining, we’ll go there. (不虚拟) 3. wh – ever = no matter wh- 译为“无论…” whether…or… 译为“不管…还是…”
D. since D. so
例 1：Whatever (=No matter what) I say, he won’t believe me. (让步状从)
He won’t believe whatever I say. (名从)
注：wh-ever 可引导让步状从或名从，而 no matter wh-只引导让步状从。例 2：Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
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4. However / No matter how + adj./adv. + 主 + 谓 Whatever / No matter what + n. + 主 + 谓
例 1：However hard he tried, she didn’t get the job.
Whatever problems she met, she never gave up.
例 2：⑴_____difficult the task may be, we will try our best to complete it in time.(2013)
A. No matter
B. No wonder
C. Though
D. However
⑵He’ll never succeed in passing the CET-6,_____ hard he tries. (2009)
A. however
B. whatever
C. despite
D. though
⑶We must begin testing this instrument, no matter_____ difficult it is. (2007)
A. however
B. how
C. whatever
⑷We have to get the road repaired____. （2015）
A. no matter how much does it cost C. no matter how much it costs
D. what
B. no matter how much costs it D. no matter it costs how much
⑸He likes novels, ____I like poetry. （2016）
A. While
B. because
C. although 87
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反义疑问句
一、原则：前肯后否，前否后肯。
二、构成：陈述部分，情 v. / 助 v. / be + 主语人称代词 ？三、考点
1. 当陈述部分有 seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody 等否定词时，疑问部分为肯定。
例：⑴You never told us his phone number, _____ ? (2008)
A. hadn’t you
B. didn’t you
⑵It is unfair, _____?
A. is it
B. isn’t it
C. had you C. is it not
D. did you D. not is it
⑶She hardly ever leaves the house after ten at night,____?(2012)
A. nor does she
B. does she
C. so does she
D. doesn’t she
注：当陈述部分有“否定前缀”的词时，疑问部分用否定。常见的否定前缀有：dis-, un-, in-(变体为 im-, il-, ir-)
2.当陈述部分有宾语从句时，疑问部分和主句保持一致。
例：He said that he would come to my birthday party, didn’t he ?
☆当陈述部分主句主语为第一人称+ think, believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine 时，疑问部分与从句保持一致。
例：I don’t think he will succeed, will he ? 3.当陈述部分含有 must 时：
⑴ must：“必须”，疑问部分用 needn’t
mustn’t：“禁止”，疑问部分用 must / may
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⑵must 表推测时，译为“一定”，将句子改为 I am sure + that 从句，疑问部分与从句保持一致。
例 1：You mustn’t smoke here, must/may you ? 例 2：⑴You must be hungry now, aren’t you ?
I am sure that you are hungry now, aren’t you? ⑵You must have heard about it, haven’t you ?
I am sure that you have heard about it, haven’t you?
⑶You must have watched that football match last night, didn’t you ? I am sure that you watched that football match last night, didn’t you?
4.祈使句的反义疑问句结构：否定句，will you ?
肯定句，will you ? / won’t you? Let’s… , shall we ?
Let us… , will you ? / won’t you?
例：⑴Open the door, will/won’t you ?
⑵Let’s go out for a walk, shall we ?
⑶Let us go home now, will/won’t you ?
例 1：Let’s go on a picnic this weekend, _____?（2016）
A. will we
例 2：“ Let us go, A. shall we
B. shall we
C. would we
D. should we
?”the crooks said to the policeman.(2019)
B. won’t you
C. won’t we
D.don’t we
5.当陈述部分主语为 everything, anything, something, nothing 时，疑问部分用 it. 例：Nothing happened to him, did it ?
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6.当陈述部分为 this, that 或 these, those 时，疑问部分用 it 或 they. 例：This isn’t a fast train, is it ?
7.当陈述部分为 There be 句型，疑问部分用 there. 例：There will be rain tomorrow, won’t there?
8.当陈述部分的谓语动词是 have to 时，疑问部分用助动词 do. 例：You have to study hard, don’t you ?
I don’t have to get up early, do I ?
9.当陈述部分的谓语动词是 had better 时，疑问部分用助动词 had. 例：We’d better call off our appointment, hadn’t we ?
10.当陈述部分的谓语动词是 would rather 时，疑问部分用情态动词 would. 例：You’d rather not do it, would you ?
11.当陈述部分的谓语动词是 used to 时，疑问部分用 usedn’t 或 didn’t. 例：⑴You used to sleep with the windows open, usedn’t/didn’t you ?
⑵He used to get up at six in the morning, _____?
A. used he
B. did he
C. didn’t he
(2004)
D. should he
12.当陈述部分的谓语动词是 ought to 时，疑问部分用 oughtn’t 或 shouldn’t. 例：He ought to attend the lecture, oughtn’t/shouldn’t he ?
90

≦ 91 ≧
升本人
英语语法知识点 O山东统招专升本